UMarku, Umlobi Wevangeli Ochaza Izenzo

INGABE uyaphuthuma ngaso sonke isikhathi? Unesincane kakhulu isikhathi sokufunda? Kodwa nokho, ungathanda yini ukuzwisisa izinto ezibalulekile zokuphila kukaKristu nezimfundiso ngokushesha, ngaphandle kolulitshaziswa izifundo zenkolo ngoNkulunkulu noma ulwazi olunzulu? Ngamanye amazwi, ufuna isigijimi sobuKristu esifushane? Khona-ke thatha iBhayibheli lakho ufunde incwadi kaMarku. Sithi “incwadi” nakuba inamakhasi angama-21 kuphela eBhayibhelini lesiZulu. Futhi kungani uMarku kunokuba sisho abanye abalobi bevangeli uMathewu, uLuka noJohane? Ngoba ekaMarku imfushane kakhulu futhi igcwele izenzo kumaVangeli amane noma “izindaba ezinhle” zomlando wokuphila kukaJesu Kristu. Umoya weVangeli likaMarku usobala esahlukweni sokuqala nje lapho esebenzisa khona igama lesiGreki elithi euthús, “masinyane,” izikhathi eziyi-11. Ngaso sonke isikhathi udlulisela umqondo wokuphuthuma noma isimo esisheshayo emsebenzini kaKristu ngokusebenzisa lelogama izikhathi ezingaba ama-42 kuwo wonke umbhalo wakhe.

Ekuqaleni kwesahluko sokuqala umlando kaMarku ulandisa ngokubhapathizwa kukaJesu umzala wakhe uJohane emfuleni iJordani. Mar 1 Kumavesi 16 kuya kuma-21, uKristu ukhetha abafundi abane ababezohamba naye ohambweni lwakhe lokuqala lokushumayela eGalile. Ngababili bokuqala, uSimoni noAndreya, ababengabadobi, siyafunda: “Base bewashiya masinyane [euthús] amanetha, bamlandela.” Khona-ke uJesu wakhetha uJakobe noJohane, ababelungisa amanetha noyise, “wababiza masinyane [euthús].”—Marku 1:10-43.

Indlela yesenzo eqhamile kaMarku ikhanyiswa ngokuqhubekayo umlando osezahlukweni 9, nese-10 lapho echaza khona isixuku e“sagijimela” kuJesu futhi, kamuva “sigijimela ndawonye.” Insizwa ecebile engumbusi ya‘gijimela kuye, yaguqa ngamadolo’ phambi kukaKristu. UMarku kuphela kubalobi bamavangeli abanomqondo ofanayo (uMathewu, uMarku noLuka) ophawula ukugijima kulezizimo.—Marku 9:15, 25; 10:17; qhathanisa noMathewu 19:16 noLuka 18:18.

Wayengubani UMarku?

Manje kungenzeka uyabuza: Wayengubani uMarku? Ingabe wayengufakazi wokuzibonela wezenzakalo azichazayo? Noma ingabe wayenomthombo othile wokwaziswa?

Ngokusobala unina kaMarku, uMariya, wayeyikholwa futhi wavuma ukuba ikhaya lakhe lisetshenziselwe imihlangano yobuKristu. Siyazi futhi ngokusho kwencwadi yezEnzo zabaPhostoli waphumela enkonzweni yezithunywa zevangeli njengomngane womzala wakhe uBarnaba nomphostoli uPawulu. Wayengeyena umphostoli noma ufakazi wokuzibonelo wezenzakalo eziningi azilandisayo. Ngokunokwenzeka, wayengumfundi ngesikhathi uJesu eboshwa, abanye abafundi besikole bamphawula njenge“nsizwa ethile” ‘eyabaleka inqunu’ kulesosehlakalo.—IzEnzo 12:6-17, 25; 15:36-41; Marku 14:51, 52.

“UJohane othiwa uMarku” uphawulwa okokuqala emlandweni weBhayibheli ehlanganiswa nokukhululwa okumangalisayo kukamphostoli uPetru ngonyaka ka-44 C.E. UPetru waziveza ngokwakhe ebusuku ekhaya likaMarku ukuze azise amaKristu ayehlangene lapho ngokukhululwa kwakhe. (IzEnzo 12:12, 18) UMarku cishe wayengaphawuli neze ithonya lesivakashi esasiyoba nalo kuyena eminyakeni eyayilandela. Kanjani? Ngoba kamuva waba umngane oseduze kaPetru, owaze ngisho wambiza ngokuthi u“Marku indodana yami” encwadini yakhe ephefumlelwe. (1 Petru 5:13) Nakuba uMarku wayekwazi ukuthintana neminye imithombo, ngokungangabazeki iVangeli lakhe lizwakalisa ngezinga elikhulu ukujwayelana kukaPetru nokuphila nenkonzo kaJesu. Yibuphi ubufakazi obubonisa lokho? Isibonelo esikhulu siyolikhanyisa iphuzu.

Ngesinye isikhathi ngemva komkhosi wePhasika ka-31 C.E., uJesu wayesohambweni lwakhe lwesibili lokuyoshumayela eGalile, ehamba nabaphostoli abayi-12. Wanquma ukuwela uLwandle LwaseGalile ngomkhumbi. Kuyathakazelisa ukuqhathanisa indlela uMathewu noMarku abaxoxa ngayo indaba. Okokuqala, uMathewu:

“Bheka, kwavuka isiphepho esikhulu olwandle, umkhumbi waze wagujuzelwa ngamaza, kepha yena [uJesu] wayelele.”—Mathewu 8:24.

Nakuba lokhu kudlulisela umqondo wesiphepho, awusikhanyisi ngokukhethekile isenzo noma ushukumise imizwa. UMarku wasichaza kanjani isehlakalo esifanayo?

“Kwase kuvuka isivunguvungu esikhulu somoya, amaza aphonseka phakathi emkhunjini, umkhumbi waze waqala ukugcwala. Kepha yena [uJesu] wayengasemuva emkhunjini elele esicamelweni.”—Marku 4:37, 38.

UMarku wayengekho lapho. Khona-ke wayengakwazi kanjani ukunikeza incazelo ekhanya ngalendlela? Umuntu owamazisa ngokusobala kwakungumdobi uPetru. Ingabe uye wayiqaphela yini incazelo ekhanyayo yesiphepho nalokho esikwenzile emkhunjini? Futhi nomniningwane othi “ngasemuva” lowo uMathewu ongumthelisi ongajwayelene nezimo zasolwandle angazange awuhlanganise, ngisho nakuba wayekhona emkhunjini? Futhi yeka ukuthi iso elinamandla nenkumbulo enjani uPetru ayenakho ukuba angakhumbula iqiniso lokuthi uJesu waye“lele esicamelweni.”—Bheka noLuka 8:23.

Kulula ukuzwisisa isizathu sokuba abafundi abathile beBhayibheli bachaze uMarku njengomhumushi kaPetru. Kodwa ingabe lokhu kusho ukuthi ivangeli likaMarku eqinisweni kumelwe libizwe ngokuthi ivangeli ngokukaPetru? Phinde neze. Ezindabeni eziningi indaba iveza ubufakazi bamandla kaPetru nokuphawula nokunakekela ngemininingwane. Kodwa indlela yolimi olukhanyayo nolusheshayo eveza umqondo cishe wesenzo esisheshisayo ngokukhanyayo ngekaMarku.

Esinye isici esibalulekile sokucatshangelwa siwukuthi “yonke imibhalo iphefumlelwe nguNkulunkulu,” nokuthi “kasikho isiprofetho sombhalo esingachasiselwa ngumuntu ngokwakhe . . . kepha abantu beqhutshwa nguMoya oNgcwele bakhuluma okukaNkulunkulu.” Kanjalo sinenhlanganisela ejabulisayo endleleni yokulandisa ecacile kaPetru nokubhala okufushanisiwe kwesenzo esisheshayo kukaMarku. UMarku, ngempela wayengomunye walabo abaqondiswa, noma “abaqhutshwa” umoya kaNkulunkulu, noma amandla asebenzayo.—2 Thimothewu 3:16; 2 Petru 1:20, 21.

UMarku Wayebhalela-bani?

Kusobala ukuthi umbhali ngamunye wevangeli wayenohlobo olwehlukile lomfundi encwadini. UMathewu wabhalela ngokuyinhloko amaJuda, njengoba kuboniswa ukubhekisela kwakhe okuningi emibhalweni yesiHeberu nokukhathalela kwakhe uhlu lwezizukulwane zikaJesu ukuze aqinise ukuba inzalo ka-Abrahama kwakhe ngokomthetho. ULuka wabhalela ukuzuzisa u“Theyofilu odumileyo” futhi nabantu bazo zonke izizwe, nohlu lwezizukulwane ezihlehlela emuva kuAdamu. (Luka 1:1-4; 2:14; 3:23-38) Ngakho-ke ngamunye unendlela yakhe ehlukile, ukugcizelela nombono. UMarku wayebhalela-bani ikakhulukazi?

Kunokwenzeka ukuthi wayebhala eseRoma futhi ecabanga ngamakholwa angamaRoma. Indlela yakhe elula, ejwayelekile yesiGreki ixutshwe nokuguqulwa kwezingcezu zamagama kwelesiLathini, okungaba ukuthambekela okukhulu okungokwemvelo ngabantu abakhuluma isiGreki abahlala eRoma. Usebenzisa okungenani izingcezu zenkulumo zesiLathini eziyi-9 ezehlakalweni eziyi-18, kuhlanganise nelithi speculator (ngesiGreki spekoulátora, “ibutho”), praetorium (ngesiGreki, praitórion, “isigodlo sombusi”), (NW) necenturio (ngesiGreki, kenturíon, “induna yekhulu”).—Marku 6:27; 15:16, 39.

Obunye ubufakazi bokuthi uMarku wabhalela ngokuyinhloko abeZizwe yiqiniso lokuthi akukho lutho alushoyo ngokuzalwa kukaJesu noma izizukulwane zohlu lwakhe. Eqinisweni, esethulweni sakhe uvele aqale ngenkonzo kaJohane uMbhapathizi nokumemezela kwakhe uMesiya. Konke lokhukwaziswa ngomlando kaJesu kwakuphawulwe ngokwanele emaVangelini angaphambili kaMathewu noLuka. Kungani kuphindwa ubufakazi bawo ukuze kuzuze abantu abangewona amaJuda? Lokhu, kubuye futhi, kuphikise abafundi beBhayibheli abaningi namuhla abaphikelela ukuthi uMarku wayengowokuqala umbhali weVangeli, ngisho noma izikhulu zasendulo zivuma ukuthi uMathewu ngowokuqala.

UKristu Njengomuntu

Yiluphi uhlobo lomfanekiso kaKristu uMarku awuvezayo? Sizithola ngokwethu sizama ukuhambisana nomuntu owenza izibonakaliso ngokushesha noma lowo cishe njalo ngemva kwamavesi ambalwa ochazwa njengosuka endaweni ethile. Simlandela kuzo zonke izimangaliso eziyi-19 azenza ezindaweni okungenani eziyi-10 ezihlukahlukene eGalile naseJudiya.a Kodwa futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sisizwa ukuba sibone uzwela lukaJesu. Kuvezwa imininingwane ngokungafani namanye amavangeli futhi ukusabela kukaJesu ngokomzwelo kuyacaca. Ngokwesibonelo:

“Khona baletha kuye abantwanyana ukuba abaphathe; kepha abafundi babakhuza. Kodwa uJesu ekubona wathukuthela, wathi kubo: Vumelani abantwana beze kimi . . . Wabagona, wababusisa ebeka izandla phezu kwabo.”—Marku 10:13-16.

Ingabe uyasibona yini isimo sendawo ngeso lakho lengqondo? Sivame kangaki ukuzwa noma sisho ngokwethu ukuthi amazwi athi, “Abantwana kumelwe babukwe kodwa bangalalelwa”! Lapha abafundi babebonakalisa isimo esifanayo. INkosi yasabela kanjani? “Wathukuthela.” UPetru, ufakazi wokuzibonelo, ngokusobala wakhumbula ukusabela kukaJesu okulungile ngokomzwelo. Khona-ke uJesu wathi: “Vumelani abantwana beze kimi, ningabenqabeli.” Kuleliphuzu uMarku uveza kakhulu isimo sobuntu abalobi uMathewu noLuka abangasiphawuli. Kubonakala sengathi wayesebenzisa ilensi yekhamera ethatha ikude ukuze abone ngokuseduze futhi aqokomise umniningwane lapho ebhala: “Wabagona, wababusisa ebeka izandla phezu kwabo.” Lapho kukhona isenzo nozwela ngesikhathi esifanayo. Sibona uJesu njengomuntu futhi nangamehlo kaPetru obuntu. Ngokuthokozisayo, umoya ongcwele washukumisela uMarku ukuba ahlanganise nalesici esincane esenezela ubuhle nokufudumala endabeni.

Uma uqala ukufunda iBhayibheli noma ubuKristu, ungase uqale ngokufunda “izindaba ezinhle” ezikhanyayo, ezinamandla zendaba yomuntu wezenzo, uJesu Kristu. Zivalele endlini ungaphazamiseki ihora noma amabili ukuze uhileleke endabeni ethakazelisayo kaMarku, “Ukuqala kwevangeli likaJesu Kristu.” (Marku 1:1) Futhi kungani ungenzi lokho “masinyane,” zisuka nje!

[Umbhalo waphansi]

[Isithombe ekhasini 29]

Ubani owanikeza incazelo ekhanga ngokwengeziwe—uMathewu noma uMarku?