Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B—Umbulali Obulala Buthule

“Ngangineminyaka engu-27, ngisanda kushada, ngibukeka futhi ngizizwa ngiwumqemane. Umsebenzi engangiwenza wawungicindezela kakhulu kuyilapho nginemithwalo yemfanelo eminingi ebandleni lakithi loFakazi BakaJehova. Ngangingazi nhlobo ukuthi ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B kwase kuqale ukudla isibindi sami.”—UDukk Yun.

ISIBINDI sikhipha ubuthi egazini senze neminye imisebenzi ebalulekile engaba ngu-500. Yingakho ukusha kwesibindi kungayilimaza impilo yomuntu. Ukusha kwesibindi kungase kubangelwe ukuphuza ngokweqile noma ukuchayeka ezintweni ezinobuthi. Kodwa ngokuvamile, inkinga ibangelwa amagciwane. Ososayensi baye bathola amagciwane anjalo ayisihlanu futhi bakholelwa ukuthi kunamanye amathathu.—Bheka ibhokisi elingezansi.

Igciwane elilodwa nje kulawa amahlanu, elibangela ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B (i-HBV), libulala okungenani abantu abangu-600 000 ngonyaka, okuyinani elithi alilingane nelababulawa umalaleveva. Abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili—cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu yabantu abasemhlabeni—baye bangenwa i-HBV, kodwa abaningi bayalulama ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa. Nokho, kwabangaba yizigidi ezingu-350 lesi sifo siba amahlalakhona. Ukuphila kwabo konke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kunezimpawu ezibonakalayo noma cha, bangabathelela abanye ngalesi sifo.a

Ukwelashwa okufanele, uma kusheshe kwaqalwa, kungabasiza abanye abane-HBV engamahlalakhona ukuba bagweme ukulimala kwesibindi okubi. Kodwa abaningi abazi ukuthi banalesi sifo, ngoba ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwegazi kuphela okungahlonza ukuthi umuntu unayo yini i-HBV noma cha. Ngisho nokuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi okuvamile kungaveza imiphumela engasolisi. Ngakho, i-HBV ingaba umbulali obulala buthule, igasele ngaphandle kwesixwayiso. Izimpawu ezisobala zingase zingabonakali kuze kuphele amashumi eminyaka umuntu enesifo. Ngaleso sikhathi, kungenzeka isibindi sibe sesomile noma sesinomdlavuza. Lezi zifo zibulala umuntu oyedwa kwabane abane-HBV.

“Ngayithola Kanjani I-HBV?”

“Izimpawu zaqala ukubonakala lapho sengineminyaka engu-30,” kusho uDukk Yun. “Nganginohudo, ngakho ngaya kudokotela wesiLungu, kodwa welapha izimpawu nje kuphela. Ngaya kudokotela wamakhambi wase-Asia, owanginika umuthi wesisu. Akekho kulab’ odokotela owangihlola ukuthi isibindi sami asishi yini. Ngenxa yokuthi uhudo lwaqhubeka, ngabuyela kudokotela wesiLungu.b Wangithinta kancane esiswini kwesokudla, ngezwa ubuhlungu. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwaqinisekisa ayekusola—nganginegciwane lokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Ngashaqeka! Ngangingakaze ngimpontshelwe igazi, futhi ngangingakaze ngiziphathe kabi ngokobulili.”

Ngemva kokuba uDukk Yun ezwe ukuthi une-HBV, umkakhe, abazali bakhe nezingane zakubo bahlolwa igazi, futhi bonke kwatholakala ukuthi banamasosha omzimba alwa ne-HBV. Kodwa, kubona isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela sasilikhiphile leli gciwane emizimbeni. Kungenzeka yini ukuthi uDukk Yun wayethole i-HBV komunye wabo? Ingabe bonke babelithole emthonjeni ofanayo? Akekho ongaqiniseka ngalokho. Empeleni, kubantu abangaba amaphesenti angu-35, imbangela igcina ingaziwa. Kodwa okwaziwayo ukuthi ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B akudluliselwa ngofuzo futhi akutholakali nhlobo ngokuthintana okuvamile noma ngokudla ndawonye. Kunalokho, i-HBV isakazeka lapho igazi noma olunye uketshezi lomzimba njengesidoda, uketshezi lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane noma amathe omuntu onegciwane kungena egazini lomunye umuntu ngesikhumba esilimele noma ngolwelwesi lwamafinyila.

Ukumpontshelwa igazi elinegciwane kusaqhubeka kuthelela abaningi ngalesi sifo, ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-HBV kulinganiselwe khona noma kungenziwa nhlobo. I-HBV ithathelwana ngokuphindwe izikhathi eziyikhulu kune-HIV, igciwane elibangela ingculaza. Ngisho neconsi legazi elinegciwane, njengegazi elinamathele ensingweni, lingayidlulisela i-HBV, kanti negciwane elisegazini elomile elinesikhathi esingangesonto noma ngaphezulu lingadlulela kwabanye.c

Isidingo Sokubonisa Ukuqonda

UDukk Yun uyakhumbula: “Uma emsebenzini bezwa ukuthi ngine-HBV, bangifaka ehhovisi elincane kude nezinye izisebenzi.” Impatho enjalo ivamile futhi ingase ibangelwe ukungaqondi ukuthi leli gciwane lisakazeka kanjani. Ngisho nabantu abanolwazi bangase badidanise ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B nokohlobo A, oluthathelwana kalula kodwa olungeyona ingozi kakhulu empilweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba i-HBV ikwazi ukuthathelwana nangocansi, ngisho nabantu abaziphethe kahle abanayo bangase basoleke.

Ukungaqondi nezinsolo kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni eziningi abantu babacwasa ngokungadingekile abantu abane-HBV, abancane nabadala. Omakhelwane abazivumeli izingane zabo ukuba zidlale nabo, izikole azibamukeli nabaqashi bayakugwema ukubaqasha. Ukwesaba ukucwaswa nakho kwenza abantu bagweme ukuhlolelwa i-HBV noma ukuveza ukuthi banaso lesi sifo. Abanye baze bafake impilo yabo neyamalungu omkhaya yesikhathi esizayo engozini kunokuba baveze iqiniso. Ngakho, lesi sifo esibulalayo singadlulela ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Isidingo Sokuphumula

UDukk Yun uyalandisa: “Nakuba udokotela athi angiphumule ngokuphelele, ngabuyela emsebenzini ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nokupopolwa nge-CT akubonisanga lutho ngokoma kwesibindi, ngakho ngacabanga ukuthi anginankinga.” Ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, inkampani yashintshela uDukk Yun edolobheni elikhulu, lapho aqala ukuba matasa nakakhulu khona. Njengoba kwakufanele akhokhe izikweleti futhi ondle umkhaya, waqhubeka esebenza.

Phakathi nezinyanga nje ezimbalwa, inani lamagciwane egazini likaDukk Yun lenyuka kakhulu futhi waqala ukuzizwa ekhathala. Uthi: “Kwadingeka ngiwuyeke umsebenzi, futhi manje ngiyazisola ngokuthi ngazikhandla kakhulu. Ukube ngathi ukunciphisa, mhlawumbe ngangingeke ngigule kangaka nesibindi sami size silimale nakakhulu.” UDukk Yun wafunda isifundo esibalulekile. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke, wanciphisa isikhathi ayesisebenza nezindleko zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke umkhaya wabambisana naye, umkakhe waze wabamba netoho ukuze asize ngezimali.

Ukuphila Nokusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B

UDukk Yun walulama, kodwa isibindi sakhe sasilokhu singafuni ukudlulisa igazi, okwakwenza umfutho walo ube phezulu. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-11, kwaqhuma umthambo emphinjeni futhi wopha, okwenza ukuba alaliswe esibhedlela isonto lonke. Ngemva kweminyaka emine, waqala ukudideka engqondweni. Ubuchopho bakhe babugcwele i-ammonia ngoba isibindi sasingasakwazi ukuyikhipha yonke. Nokho, ukwelashwa kwayilungisa leyo nkinga ngemva kwezinsukwana.

Manje uDukk Yun uneminyaka engu-54. Uma isimo sakhe siba sibi, kuncane angakwenza. Imithi elwa namagciwane ngeke ilibulale ngokuphelele leli gciwane futhi ingase ibe nemiphumela emibi. Okuwukuphela kwento angayenza ukufakelwa esinye isibindi, kodwa uhlu lwabalindile lungaphezu kwabantu abanikelayo. UDukk Yun uthi: “Ngingafa noma nini. Kodwa akusizi ngalutho ukukhathazeka ngakho. Ngisaphila, nginendawo yokufihla ikhanda nomkhaya omuhle. Empeleni, ngezinye izindlela isimo sami siye saba isibusiso esingalindelekile. Nginesikhathi esithé xaxa engisichitha nomkhaya wami nesokufunda iBhayibheli. Lokhu kudambisa ixhala enginalo ngokufa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi kungisiza ukuba ngibheke phambili ekuphileni ngaphandle kokugula.”d

Ngenxa yethemba uDukk Yun analo, umkhaya wakhe ujabulela ukuphila ngenjabulo futhi yena, umkakhe nezingane zabo ezintathu bonke bahlanganyela enkonzweni yobuKristu yesikhathi esigcwele.

[Imibhalo yaphansi]

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 13]

Ukwelashwa kusenesikhathi kunganciphisa umonakalo

[Amazwi acashunwe esihlokweni ekhasini 14]

Ukwesaba ukucwaswa kwenza abaningi bagweme ukuhlolwa noma ukuveza ukuthi bane-HBV

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 12, 13]

Hlobo Luni Lokusha Kwesibindi Lolu?

Kunamagciwane ayisihlanu aziwayo ukuthi abangela ukusha kwesibindi, futhi avame kakhulu ahlukaniswa ngokuthi u-A, B no-C. Kunamanye futhi amagciwane okusolwa ukuthi nawo abangela inkinga. Izimpawu zazo zonke izinhlobo zokusha kwesibindi zingafana nezomkhuhlane futhi zingase zihlanganise ukuchithekela kwenyongo egazini (i-jaundice) noma kungabi njalo. Abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingane, ababi nazo izimpawu. Uma kuziwa ekusheni kwesibindi kohlobo B no-C, isibindi kungenzeka sibe sesilimele kakhulu lapho sekuqala ukubonakala kwezimpawu.

IGCIWANE LOKUSHA KWESIBINDI KOHLOBO A (HAV)

I-HAV ikhona endleni yabantu abanaleli gciwane. Lingaqhubeka liphila emanzini anosawoti noma angenawo kanye naseqhweni. Umuntu angathola i-HAV

● Ngokudla ukudla kwasolwandle okungaphekiwe okungcoliswe yindle yabantu noma ephuza amanzi analeli gciwane

● Ngokuthintana nomuntu onegciwane noma ngokusebenzisa izinto zokudla nezokuphuza ezifanayo

● Ngokungazigezisisi izandla ngemva kokusebenzisa indlu yangasese, ukushintsha amanabukeni engane enegciwane, noma ngaphambi kokuthinta ukudla

I-HAV yenza umuntu agule kakhulu kodwa ayivamile ukuba amahlalakhona. Cishe kuzo zonke izimo, umzimba ulibulala ngokwawo igciwane phakathi namasonto noma izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ayikho indlela eqondile yokuyelapha ngaphandle kokuphumula nokudla ukudla okunomsoco. Utshwala kanye nezidakamizwa ezilimaza isibindi, njenge-acetaminophen, kufanele kugwenywe kuze kube yilapho udokotela eqinisekisa ukuthi isibindi seselapheke ngokuphelele. Umuntu obene-HAV cishe ngeke aphinde abe nayo kodwa angangenwa ezinye izinhlobo zokusha kwesibindi. Ukugonywa kungakuvimbela ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo A.

IGCIWANE LOKUSHA KWESIBINDI KOHLOBO B (HBV)

I-HBV iyatholakala egazini, esidodeni nasoketshezini lwesitho sangasese sowesifazane kubantu abanaleli gciwane. Leli gciwane liyasakazeka uma lolu ketshezi lungena emzimbeni womuntu ongaligonyelwe. Lingadluliselwa ngalezi zindlela

● Ngesikhathi sokubeletha (umama onegciwane angalidlulisela osaneni lwakhe)

● Ngamathuluzi okwelapha, okuxilonga amazinyo, okudweba noma okubhoboza umzimba angahlanzwanga kahle

● Ngokusebenzisa inalithi yokujova, insingo, izinto zokunquma izinzipho, izixubho nanoma yini enye engadlulisela ingcosana yegazi ngesikhumba esilimele

● Ngokuya ocansini

Izikhulu zezempilo zikholelwa ukuthi i-HBV ayisakazwa yizinambuzane, ukukhwehlela, ukubambana ngezandla, ukwangana, ukuqabula isihlathi, ukuncelisa noma ukudla nokuphuza ndawonye, izinti zokudla (ama-chopstick) nanoma iziphi ezinye izinto zokudla. Iningi labantu abadala liyalulama kuyi-HBV futhi ngemva kwalokho ngeke liphinde libe nayo. Izingane ezincane zisengozini enkulu yokuba lesi sifo singalapheki. Uma kungelashwa, ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B okungamahlalakhona kungasibulala isibindi futhi kubangele ukufa. Ukugonywa kungakuvimbela ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B.

IGCIWANE LOKUSHA KWESIBINDI KOHLOBO C (HCV)

I-HCV idluliselwa ngendlela efanayo ne-HBV kodwa ngokuvamile idluliselwa ngezinalithi ezinamagciwane okufakwa ngazo izidakamizwa. Awukho umuthi wokugomela ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo C.e

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[Ibhokisi ekhasini 14]

UKUNQANDA UKUSAKAZEKA KWE-HBV

Nakuba i-HBV ithinta abantu emhlabeni wonke, cishe abangamaphesenti angu-78 abanokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B okungamahlalakhona bahlala e-Asia naseziqhingini zasePacific. Engxenyeni enkulu yaleyo ndawo, umuntu oyedwa kwabayishumi unaleli gciwane. Abantu abaningi abanaleli gciwane balithola konina lapho bezalwa noma besebancane ngokuthinta igazi elinegciwane lezinye izingane. Umuthi ophumelelayo wokugoma izinsana nabanye abasengozini uyasiza ekunqandeni leli gciwane.f Ezindaweni lapho abantu begonywa khona, ukwanda kwalesi sifo kuye kwadamba.

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[Isithombe ekhasini 15]

UDukk Yun nomkakhe nezingane zabo ezintathu

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 12]

© Sebastian Kaulitzki/Alamy