Ukuvivinywa Kokholo

NGUMLOBELI WE-PHAPHAMA! EGREAT BRITAIN

I RICHMOND yidolobhana elihle eliseNyakatho Yorkshire, eNgilandi. Inqaba yayo, eyakhiwa ngemva nje kokunqoba kwabaseNormandy ngo-1066, ithe qekelele esigodini somfula iSwale esehlela eYorkshire Dales National Park.

Uhlelo lwethelevishini oluthi Richmond Sixteen luye lwembula isici esibalulekile somlando wanamuhla wale nqaba—lokho okwehlela abantu abenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza abavalelwa lapho phakathi neMpi Yezwe I. Kwenzekani kubo?

Ukubuthwa

Ngemva kokuba iBrithani imemezele impi ngo-1914, ukushisekela ubuzwe kwashukumisela amadoda angaba yizigidi ezingu-2,5 ukuba ajoyine amabutho ayo ahlomile. Nokho, ngenxa yokwanda kwezinkubela zempi, nokuqaphela ukuthi impi yayingezukuphela ngokushesha njengoba osombangazwe babethembisile, “ukubuthelwa empini akubange kusaba indaba yokuzikhethela, kodwa kwaba ngempoqo,” kuphawula isazi-mlando sezempi u-Alan Lloyd. Ngakho, ngokokuqala ngqa emlandweni waseBrithani, ngo-March 1916, kwakhishwa umyalo wokuba amadoda angashadile abuthelwe empini.

Izinkantolo ezincane eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili zamiswa ukuze zizwe izikhalo, kodwa uma bekhona, bambalwa abenqaba ukuya empini ngezizathu zikanembeza abakhululwa. Iningi lababenqaba ngenxa kanembeza layalwa ukuba lijoyine amabutho angaphathi zikhali, alungele ukusekela amabutho empi. Labo abenqaba babesabhekwa njengabantu ababuthiwe futhi babequliswa amacala yinkantolo yezempi. Babephathwa ngesihluku ngokuvamile bevalelwa ezindaweni ezinyantisayo, futhi eziminyene.

IZiboshwa Eziyishumi Nesithupha ZaseRichmond

Phakathi kweZiboshwa Ezingu-16 ZaseRichmond, ezinhlanu kwakungabaFundi BeBhayibheli Bomhlaba Wonke, njengoba oFakazi BakaJehova babaziwa kanjalo ngaleso sikhathi. UHerbert Senior, owaba uMfundi WeBhayibheli ngo-1905 eneminyaka engu-15, wabhala eminyakeni engaba ngu-50 kamuva: “Izitokisi esafakwa kuzo wawungathi imigodi. Cishe kwase kuyiminyaka eminingi zingasetshenziswa, ngoba ukungcola phansi kwase kungamasentimitha angaba yisihlanu kuya kwangu-7.” Imifanekiso nemibhalo esodongeni, manje osekuphuphile futhi okungasafundeki kwezinye izindawo, iziboshwa ezakudweba futhi zakuloba ezindongeni ezazicakwe ngokumhlophe kusanda kuvulelwa umphakathi ukuba ukubone. Kunamagama, imiyalezo nemifanekiso yabathandekayo, kanye namazwi okholo.

Esinye isiboshwa samane sabhala lokhu: “Ngincamela ukufela ukuba nesimiso kunokungabi naso.” Imiyalezo eminingi inamazwi abhekisela kuJesu Kristu nezimfundiso zakhe, futhi kukhona nemifanekiso edwetshwe ngobunono yophawu lwesiphambano nomqhele, olwalusetshenziswa yi-International Bible Students Association (IBSA) ngaleso sikhathi. UHerbert Senior uphawula ukuthi waloba odongeni lwesitokisi ayekuso “Ishadi Lezinkathi” ayelithathe encwadini eyinsiza kufunda iBhayibheli ethi The Divine Plan of the Ages, kodwa belingakatholakali. Kungenzeka ukuthi laduka kanye neminye imibhalo eyayisezindongeni zengxenye enkulu yezitokisi iziboshwa ezazivalelwa kuyo noma kwenye indawo. Omunye umbhalo ufundeka kanje: ‘UClarence Hall, Leeds, I.B.S.A. May 29, 1916. Wathunyelwa eFrance.’

Ukuya Nokubuya EFrance!

Izinkubela zempi eFrance naseBelgium zazanda ngezinga elishaqisayo. Induna yempi uHoratio Herbert Kitchener noJenene Douglas Haig waseBrithani babewadinga ngempela amasosha engeziwe, kuhlanganise namadoda ashadile, nawo ayesebuthwa ngo-May 1916. Ukuze ziqinise isandla sazo, izikhulu zanquma ukwenza isifundo ngalabo ababenqaba ukuya empini ngenxa kanembeza. Ngakho iZiboshwa Ezingu-16 ZaseRichmond zalayishwa ngokungemthetho ezitimeleni zikhonjwe ngezibhamu, izandla zazo ziboshwe ngozankosi, zase zithathwa isinyenyela zayiswa eFrance ngendlela ezungezayo. Lapho ogwini lwaseBoulogne, kusho umagazini i-Heritage, “la madoda aboshelwa ezigxotsheni ngocingo oluhlabayo, ngokungathi ayephanyekwa,” futhi aphoqwa ukuba abukele lapho isosha laseBrithani eliyimbuka libulawa ngokudutshulwa amasosha ayejutshwe ukuba alibulale. Abe esetshelwa ukuthi kwakuyokwenzeka okufanayo nakuwo uma engayilaleli imiyalo.

Maphakathi no-June 1916, lezi ziboshwa zamashiswa phambi kwamabutho angu-3 000 ukuze ziyokuzwa isigwebo sazo sokufa, kodwa ngalesi sikhathi uKitchener wayesefile, futhi undunankulu waseBrithani esengenelile odabeni lwazo. Iziphathimandla eLondon zazithole ikhadi elalinomyalezo obhalwe ngombhalo oyimfihlo, kwabe sekuguqulwa isigwebo senkantolo yezempi. UJenene Haig wayalwa ukuba ashintshe zonke izigwebo zokufa zibe iminyaka eyishumi ejele.

Umbiko osemthethweni ubonisa ukuthi lapho zibuyela eBrithani, ezinye zalezi ziboshwa ezingu-16 zayiswa enkwalini yegwadle eseScotland ukuba “ziyokwenza umsebenzi obalulekile esizweni” ngaphansi kwezimo ezinyantisayo. Ezinye, kuhlanganise noHerbert Senior, zabuyiselwa emuva emajele omphakathi hhayi ezempi.

Ifa

Ngenxa yesimo esintekenteke sezindonga zezitokisi, umbukiso ohlanganisa imininingwane eminingi eNqabeni YaseRichmond, manje enakekelwa iNhlangano Yamagugu AseNgilandi, uhenqelwe ngesihenqo esisebenza nge-computer izivakashi ezikwaziyo ukusisondeza zikwazi ukuzibonela eduze izitokisi kanye nemibhalo ekuzo kodwa kungabikho monakalo odalekayo kuwo. Abafundi abavakashela le ndawo bakhuthazwa ukuba baqonde isizathu esasenza ababenqaba ngenxa kanembeza bancamele ukujeziswa, ukubhadla ejele, ngisho nokufa okwakungenzeka ngenxa yezinkolelo zabo ababenamathele kuzo ngobuqotho.

IZiboshwa Ezingu-16 ZaseRichmond zaphumelela “ukusiza umphakathi wazi indaba yokwenqaba ngenxa kanembeza futhi zaqala ukwamukeleka nokuhlonishwa emphakathini.” Lokhu kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise ukuqonda okwengeziwe lapho zisingatha udaba lwalabo ababebhaliswe njengababenqaba ngenxa kanembeza phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.

Ngonyaka ka-2002, kwanikezelwa ingadi enhle emagcekeni ale nqaba ngokwengxenye kukhunjulwa iZiboshwa Ezingu-16 ZaseRichmond njengophawu lokuhlonipha ukunamathela kwazo ezimisweni zazo.

[Izithombe ekhasini 28, 29]

Ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla: Umbhoshongo owakhiwa ekhulwini leshumi nambili weNqaba YaseRichmond, kanye nophiko lwezitokisi okwakuvalelwa kuzo iziboshwa

UHerbert Senior, omunye weZibo- shwa Ezingu-16 ZaseRichmond

Esinye sezitokisi lapho kwakuvalelwe khona iZiboshwa Ezingu-16 ZaseRichmond

Emaphethelweni ngemuva: Izingxenye zemibhalo eyabhalwa odongeni lwejele phakathi neminyaka