Uwoyela—Indlela Okuthinta Ngayo
WAKE wazibuza yini ukuthi ukuphila kwabaningi bekuyoba njani ngaphandle kukawoyela ongahluziwe nemikhiqizo yawo?a Uwoyela usetshenziselwa ukwenza amafutha okuthambisa izinsimbi zezimoto, amabhayisikili, izinqola zokusunduza abantwana, nezinye izinto ezinezinsimbi ezihambayo. Uwoyela unciphisa ukukhuhlana kwezinsimbi, kanjalo uvimbele ukuphuka kwezinsimbi zemishini. Kodwa akugcini lapho.
Uwoyela usetshenziselwa ukwenza amafutha ezindiza, ezimoto nawamaziko ezimiso zokushisisa izindlu. Izimonyo eziningi, upende, uyinki, imithi, umquba nepulasitiki kanye nezinye izinto eziningi ziqukethe imikhiqizo kawoyela ongahluziwe. Ukuphila kwansuku zonke kwabantu abaningi bekuyohluka ngempela ngaphandle kukawoyela. Yingakho umthombo othile uthi uwoyela ongahluziwe nemikhiqizo yawo “usetshenziswa ngezindlela eziningi ezihlukahlukene kunanoma yini enye into emhlabeni.” Siwuthola kanjani uwoyela? Uvelaphi? Sekuyisikhathi esingakanani isintu siwusebenzisa?
IBhayibheli lisitshela ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ngaphambi kukaKristu, uNowa, elandela iziyalezo zikaNkulunkulu, wakha umkhumbi omkhulu wasebenzisa netiyela—cishe elalivela kuwoyela ongahluziwe—ukuze awuhuqe ungangeni manzi. (Genesise 6:14) Imikhiqizo kawoyela yayisetshenziswa abaseBhabhiloni lapho benza izitini zabo ezishiswe kuhhavini, abaseGibhithe babeyisebenzisa lapho bomisa izidumbu, nezinye izizwe zasendulo lapho zenza imithi yokwelapha.
Ubani owayengacabanga ukuthi lo mkhiqizo wawuyoba obaluleke kangaka ezweni lanamuhla? Akekho ongaphika ukuthi intuthuko yezimboni zanamuhla ixhomeke kuwoyela ongahluziwe.
Ukusetshenziswa kukawoyela ongahluziwe ukuze kukhanyiswe yikona okwaba yisiqalo sodumo lukawoyela. Emuva ekhulwini le-15, uwoyela owawutholakala emithonjeni engajulile wawusetshenziselwa izibani eBaku, inhloko-dolobha yanamuhla yase-Azerbaijan. Ngo-1650, kwambiwa imithombo engajulile kawoyela eRomania, lapho uwoyela, owawutholakala unjengophalafini, wawusetshenziselwa khona ukukhanyisa. Maphakathi nekhulu le-19, lelo zwe namanye amazwe aseMpumalanga Yurophu kakade ayesenemboni kawoyela echumayo.
E-United States, ngokuyinhloko kwakuwukufuna amafutha okukhanyisa anamandla ngawo-1800 okwenza iqembu lamadoda athile lacabanga ngowoyela. La madoda aphetha ngokufanele ngokuthi ukuze akhiqize uphalafini owanele owawuzodayiswa, kwakuyodingeka ambe uwoyela. Ngakho ngo-1859 aphumelela ukumba umthombo kawoyela ePennsylvania. Waqala kanjalo-ke umkhankaso wokufuna uwoyela. Kwabe sekwenzekani?
[Umbhalo waphansi]
a Igama elithi “petroleum (uwoyela ongahluziwe)” livela olimini lwesiLatini futhi lisho “uwoyela ophuma edwaleni.” Ngokuvamile lisetshenziselwa imikhiqizo emibili ehlobene eduze—igesi yemvelo, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-methane, kanye nowoyela. Yomibili le mikhiqizo ngezinye izikhathi imfimfa iphume ngemifantu esemhlabeni. Uwoyela ungaba uketshezi noma ube i-asphalt, ikolitayi, ibitume, noma itiyela.
[Ibhokisi ekhasini 3]
UYINI UWOYELA ONGAHLUZIWE?
Uwoyela ongahluziwe uchazwa njengengxube ejiyile, eyokhelekayo, ethi ayibe phuzi ngokumnyama yama-hydrocarbon ayigesi, awuketshezi naqinile eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ngaphansi komhlaba. Ungahlukaniswa ube yizingxenye ezihlanganisa igesi, uphethiloli, i-naphtha, uphalafini, uwoyela wamafutha nowokuthambisa, ingcino kaphalafini, kanye ne-asphalt futhi usetshenziswa usesimweni sawo semvelo ukuze kwenziwe imikhiqizo eminingi ehlukahlukene.