Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ukusinda Okuyimfihlakalo

Iphephandaba laseParis i-Monde libika ukuthi nakuba amahlathi aseFrance acekelwa phansi yiziphepho ezinamandla ngo-December 1999, okuphawulwe muva nje kubonisa ukuthi izilwane ezinkulu azithintekanga ngendlela okwakulindeleke ngayo. Kwatholakala izilwane ezingu-20 kuphela ezazifile—izinyamazane eziyishumi, amaphiva amahlanu nezingulube zehlathi ezinhlanu—endaweni engamahektare angu-10 000 emahlathini acekeleke phansi empumalanga yeFrance. Ngokulalela “izinqubo eziseyimfihlakalo,” lezi zilwane zathola izindlela zokusinda, mhlawumbe ngokucasha ngaphansi kwezihlahla eziwile noma ngokubuthana ndawonye endaweni evulekile. UJean-Paul Widmer weNational Forest Office yaseFrance uthi: “Kuncane esikwaziyo [ngokuziphatha] kwezinyamazane nezingulube zehlathi kunalokho esikwaziyo ngamabhubesi nezinye izilwane zasendle eziqhelile.”

Isifo Segumbi Lendiza Elingabizi Kakhulu

Iphephandaba i-Daily Yomiuri libika ukuthi kule minyaka engu-8 edlule, abagibeli abangu-25 abafika eNarita Airport eJapane “baye babulawa yilokho okuthiwa yisifo segumbi lendiza elingabizi kakhulu.” Ngokuphambene negama laso, “isifo segumbi lendiza elingabizi kakhulu” singahlasela nabagibeli abasegumbini elibizayo. Ukuhlala amahora amaningi kungathiya ukujikeleza kwegazi emilenzeni futhi kubangele amahlule. Uma ihlule liya emaphashini, lingabangela ubunzima bokuphefumula ngisho nokufa. Minyaka yonke, abagibeli abangaba yikhulu kuya kwabangu-150 abafika eNarita Airport bahlaselwa uhlobo oluthile lwale nkinga, kusho uToshiro Makino, umphathi weNew Tokyo International Airport Clinic yaseNippon Medical School. Nakhu akusikiselayo: “Abagibeli abahamba ngendiza amahora angaphezu kwangu-7 noma angu-8 kufanele baphuze amanzi amaningi kunokuvamile futhi bathathe izinyathelo ezithile zokuphepha, njengokulula izinyawo nokugoba imilenze.”

ITokyo Iyafudumala

I-Daily Yomiuri iyabika: “Isilinganiso sezinsuku zonyaka lapho izinga lokubanda eTokyo lehla laba ngaphansi kwezinga-qhwa sancipha ngamaphesenti angu-95 phakathi nekhulu lama-20.” Ngawo-1990, kwakunesilinganiso sezinsuku ezingu-3,2 kuphela lapho izinga lokubanda lalingaphansi kwezinga-qhwa eTokyo, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsuku ezingu-61,7 eminyakeni yokuqala eyishumi yalelo khulu leminyaka. Umbikezeli wezulu ongumakad’ ebona e-Meteorological Agency yaseJapane waveza ukuthi ukufudumala kwembulunga kuye kwenza amazinga okubanda angaba mabi njengakuqala, futhi wazwakalisa ukukhathazeka ngokuthi maduze “ubusika obubanda ngempela” bungase bube yinto engasaziwa eTokyo. Ngokwale nhlangano, uma amagesi afudumeza umkhathi eqhubeka ngamazinga amanje, kubikezelwa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lembulunga yonke lingenyuka ngo-1 kuya ku-3,5 °C. phakathi nekhulu lama-21. Ukwenyuka kwezinga lokushisa ngo-3,5 °C. kulo lonke elaseJapane kungenza ukuba iTokyo ishise njengeNairobi yanamuhla.

Ukubuya Kukagcunsula

Bese kungamashumi eminyaka ugcunsula ungekho eFrance. Kodwa iphephandaba laseFrance lansuku zonke i-Figaro libika ukuthi ngonyaka odlule, odokotela bathola uhlobo olusha lwalesi sifo esithathelwana ngobulili, ikakhulukazi phakathi kongqingili. Ukuqubuka okufanayo kukagcunsula kwaphawulwa eBrithani nase-Ireland ngo-2000. Ugcunsula yisifo samagciwane esibanga izilonda zesikhumba namashashazi lapho siqala futhi uma singelashwa sibangela umonakalo ezinzweni nasemisipheni nemithambo yenhliziyo. I-Figaro iphawula ukuthi ukuqubuka kabusha kukagcunsula kuyakhathaza ngoba “odokotela abasha abawazi nhlobo ngoba abakaze bahlole muntu onawo ngesikhathi besaqeqeshelwa ubudokotela.” Ngakho odokotela bangase bangawuboni, lokhu kuvale amathuba okuwelapha. Ochwepheshe bezifo bacabanga ukuthi imikhuba yobulili eyingozi iyona ebangela ukuqubuka kabusha kukagcunsula. Ngakho-ke, banovalo lokuthi lesi simo singase sibe yibika “lokuqubuka okusha komqedazwe wengculaza.”

Isixwayiso Kwasebekhulile Abahamba Amazwe

I-Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter ithi liyanda inani labantu asebekhulile abavakashela izindawo ezisathuthuka emhlabeni, futhi abaningi bayagula ngenxa yokudla ukudla noma ukuphuza amanzi angcolile. “Uhudo lwezihambi” oluba umphumela lungabangela izinkinga zempilo ezimbi nakakhulu kubantu abaneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu. Ngaphandle kwalapho udla ehhotela eliphambili noma endaweni yokudlela yasedolobheni elikhulu lesimanje, i-Health & Nutrition Letter ixwayisa ngokuthi:

□ Ungawaphuzi amanzi kampompi noma uxubhe ngawo amazinyo. Sebenzisa amanzi athengwayo, abilisiwe noma athelwe umuthi wamagciwane kuphela. Ungalifaki iqhwa eziphuzweni ngaphandle kwalapho uqiniseka ukuthi lenziwe ngamanzi ahlanzekile.

□ Ungayidli inhlanzi noma inyama uma ingaphekwanga yavuthwisisa.

□ Ungayidli imikhiqizo yobisi olungabulawanga amagciwane noma imifino engaphekiwe.

□ Ungazidli izithelo ngaphandle kwalapho uzicwecwa wena ngokwakho ngemva kokuzigeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile. Ngemva kokuzicwecwa, geza izandla zakho ngaphambi kokuzidla.

□ Ungakudli ukudla okudayiswa emgwaqweni, ngisho noma kushisa.

Izixuku “Ezibalekele Ezweni Lakubo”

“Baningi njengabantu abane-HIV, futhi baliphinda kabili inani lababaleki. Inhlangano yosizo yomhlaba wonke ichaza ukuthi ‘babalekele ezweni lakubo,’” kubika i-Independent yaseLondon. Nakuba bephoqelelwa yimpi ukuba bashiye amakhaya, basahlala emazweni akubo. I-UN ilinganisela ukuthi kunabantu abanjalo ababalekile abayizigidi ezingu-25 kuya kwezingu-30 emhlabeni wonke. Iningi labo alihlali emakamu ababaleki, kodwa lihlala neminye imikhaya noma emgwaqweni. UDennis McNamara, umxhumanisi okhethekile we-UN osingatha le nkinga, uthi kunokuba babalekele kwelinye izwe, “abaningi bazama ukuba seduze nasekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka: kulapho amasimu abo ekhona.” Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlangano zosizo azivunyelwe ukufinyelela kubantu abanjalo. Abangaba amaphesenti angu-90 abesifazane nezingane. UMcNamara uyanezela: “Amadoda yiwona abangela izimpi. Abesifazane nezingane bayizisulu. Abesifazane ababalekile bahlale besengozini yokudlwengulwa amasosha abashushisayo.”

Ulimi Olumuncayo

Unwabu lukwazi kanjani ukubamba ezinye izibankwa ngisho nezinyoni ezinesisindo esingamaphesenti ayishumi esisindo salo? Kuze kube manje, bekukholelwa ukuthi lezi zilwane zinamathela olimini lonwabu olumaholo nolunamathelayo. Kodwa lokho kwakungawuphenduli umbuzo wokuthi lesi silwane sizibamba kanjani izisulu ezisindayo. Ingosi yezindaba zesayensi yaseJalimane i-Bild der Wissenschaft-Online ibika ukuthi ukuze bathole impendulo, ososayensi base-Antwerp, eBelgium, bathwebula nge-video esheshayo ukusebenza kolimi lonwabu olushesha njengombani. Ososayensi bathola ukuthi lapho luphuma, ulimi lonwabu luba yindilinga esihlokweni. Ngaphambi nje kokuba lushaye isisulu, imisipha emibili esolimini iyafinyela, yenze isihloko sibe nomgodi wokumunca onamathela esisulwini.

Ugwadule Olwandayo

I-Guardian yaseLondon iyabika: “Ugwadule lwaseSahara seluwelele ngaphesheya kweMediterranean, njengoba inhlanganisela eyingozi yokuguguleka kwenhlabathi nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu iguqula izingxenye eziseningizimu yeYurophu zibe ugwadule.” Engqungqutheleni yeZizwe Ezihlangene yokunqanda ukwanda kwezingwadule, eyaqhutshwa ngo-December 2000, uchwepheshe othile wasola ngokuyingxenye ezolimo zembulunga yonke, eziye zenza kwaba nzima ukuba abalimi abaningi abancane baqhube ibhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, abalimi bashiya izwe osekuyizinkulungwane zeminyaka libiyelwe futhi liniselwa kahle ngenkasa, bese ekugcineni leyo nhlabathi iyaguguleka. Isimo sibi kakhulu eningizimu ye-Italy, eSpain naseGreece. IBulgaria, iHungary, iRomania, iMoldova, iRussia neChina nazo zibhekene nokwanda kwezingwadule. UKlaus Töpfer, umqondisi ophethe i-UN Environment Programme, wathi: “Inhlabathi iyingcebo engokwemvelo ebalulekile enhlalakahleni yabantu nemvelo njengamanzi ahlanzekile nomoya ohlanzekile.”

Umthombo We-Amazon Utholakele

I-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi iqembu lamadoda angu-22 ahlola amazwe litholé “umthombo womfula omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni, okuqeda ukuqagela nemiphumela engqubuzanayo yamashumi eminyaka.” Umfula i-Amazon uqala njengomsele eNevado Mismi, isiqongo esingamamitha angu-5 000 ukuphakama eningizimu yezintaba zase-Andes ePeru. Ukusuka lapho ugeleza unqamule esigodini esinotshani nolele, lapho uhlangana khona neminye imisele nemifula ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke amakhilomitha angu-6 000 ulibangise kuyi-Atlantic Ocean. Echaza umthombo walo mfula, u-Andrew Pietowski, umholi waleli qembu, wathi: “Yindawo enhle. Isesigodini esivundile ngaphansi kwewa eliphakeme, elimnyama elingaba amamitha angu-40 ukuphakama. Inokuthula kakhulu.”