Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ingqondo Iyayithinta Inhliziyo

I-Tufts University Health & Nutrition Letter iphawula ukuthi ukucindezeleka kwengqondo kwandisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo okwesibili, kodwa “kunobufakazi obandayo bokuthi ingqondo nayo ifeza indima ebalulekile ekubangeleni isifo senhliziyo.” Ucwaningo lwamuva lubonisa ukuthi “abantu abasheshe bacasuke basengozini ephindwe cishe kathathu kunabanye yokuhlaselwa isifo senhliziyo noma yokubulawa yiso” nokuthi “kubonakala sengathi imiphumela yonya isheshe ivele.” Ukucindezeleka kulimaza imisipha yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi ezungeze inhliziyo. Ukucindezeleka kungandisa amathuba okuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-70. Kodwa abacwaningi bathi uma umuntu enabantu abaningi abamsekelayo—umkhaya nabangane—imiphumela yokucindezeleka ingancipha.

Ukukhetha Okuphikisanayo

Ngo-September 2000, uPapa John Paul II waqhubeka nomkhosi wokungcwelisa uPius IX (owayengupapa, ngo-1846-78). Ephephandabeni lamaKatolika lansuku zonke i-Croix, isazi-mlando esingumFulentshi uRené Rémond saphawula ukuthi uPius IX wenza “isinqumo esashaqisa izingqondo zabavangeli—njengokuvumela ukukhishwa kwesigwebo sentambo kubantu ababeshisekela elase-Italy bengabaza amandla akhe njengenhloko kaHulumeni.” Limbiza ngokuthi “inkosi yokugcina yaseYurophu eyayinguzwi layo,” iphephandaba i-Monde laphawula ubandlululo lwalo papa oyinkosi ikakhulukazi nokulwa kwakhe “nenkululeko kanembeza, amalungelo abantu nokukhululwa kwamaJuda.” Leli phephandaba lanezela ukuthi uPius IX “wayekulahla ukubusa ngentando yeningi, inkululeko yenkolo nokuhlukaniswa kweSonto noHulumeni” kanye “nenkululeko yemibiko yezindaba, yokucabanga neyobudlelwane.” NguPius IX okwathi ngo-1869 wavula umkhandlu wokuqala weVatican, lapho kwachazwa khona imfundiso yokungalenzi iphutha kopapa ezindabeni zokholo nokuziphatha.

Abambi Abakhuthele

Abalimi baseChile kudingeka balwe ne-coruro, imvukuzane emba imisele enhlabathini ibanga elingaba amamitha angu-600. Muva nje, kwenziwe ucwaningo olunzulu lwesimiso semisele yayo enezimbaxa eziningi. Izazi ezimbili zezilwane, esinye esivela e-University of Essen, eJalimane, nozakwabo waseChile, ziye zavumbulula ikhaya lequlo lalezi zilwane ezingu-26. Ezinqolobaneni zokudla, zathola izigaxa zezitshalo ezingu-5 000, zibekelwe inkathi yesomiso. Kulesi simiso semisele kwakukhona nezidleke ezenziwe ngotshani nezikhwama zepulasitiki. Kodwa nakuba lezi zilwane ezincane ezimnyama ezinamazinyo aphumele ngaphandle zizinhle futhi zikhanga, abalimi bazibheka njengeziyisidina. Izinkomo zivame ukwephuka imilenze uma zithi zinyathela inhlabathi ephezu kwale misele bese iyabhidlika.

Lolo Khula Oluyisimanga—I-dandelion

I-News yaseMexico City ithi i-dandelion “iyiSitha Esihamba Phambili Emphakathini kubaphathi bezinkundla zokudlala igalofu nabanikazi bezimfunda zongwengwe yonke indawo” futhi bayibiza nangokuthi “ukhula olungapheli.” Kodwa, i-dandelion “ingesinye sezitshalo ezinempilo kakhulu emhlabeni” futhi ingayithuthukisa kakhulu impilo yakho nokudla. Njengoba icebile ngoVithamini A ne-potassium, i-dandelion inomsoco ngaphezu kwe-broccoli noma isipinashi. Zonke izingxenye zayo ziwusizo. Amaqabunga ayo amancane angasetshenziswa njengohlaza kumasaladi noma kunoma ikuphi ukudla okudinga isipinashi; izimpande ezomile ezigazingiwe zingasetshenziswa ekwenzeni isiphuzo esinjengekhofi; kanti izimbali zingasetshenziswa ekwenzeni iwayini. Umlando uthi i-dandelion iye yasetshenziswa njengomuthi wokuqinisa nokuhlanza isibindi, wokuhlanza nokwakha igazi nomuthi wokwandisa umchamo. I-News ithi i-dandelion “ingelinye lamakhambi ayisithupha ahamba phambili emithini yamaShayina.” Abantu abanongwengwe noma amadlelo, bangayithola mahhala i-dandelion.

Ukuncibilika Kwe-Andes

Iphephandaba laseLima i-Comercio libika ukuthi kule minyaka engu-67 edlule, ezinye zezinguzunga zeqhwa eziNtabeni zase-Andes ePeru ziye zancipha ngamamitha angu-850 kuya kwangu-1 500. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa yisazi sezinguzunga zeqhwa u-Antoine Erout, eminyakeni engaphezu nje kwengu-20, ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa kuye kwakha amadamu amasha angaphezu kwangu-70—amaningi awo ayogcwala achichime. Ukuphela kweqhwa kusho ukuncipha kwamanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziswa amapulazi, izimiso zokunisela ngenkasa nemishini ephehla ugesi ngamanzi. Le mithombo yamanzi ibuye ibe umthombo oyinhloko wamanzi aphuzwayo emadolobheni amathathu amakhulu aseLatin America: ILima, ePeru; iQuito, e-Ecuador; neLa Paz, eBolivia. I-Comercio iyabuza: “Ungacabanga ukuthi bekungenzekani uma lelo qhwa linyamalala?” U-Erout usikisela ukuthi phakathi kwezimbangela eziyinhloko zale nkinga ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu esihambisana no-El Niño.

“Isifo Sokuvele Unothe”

I-National Post yaseCanada ithi: “Inani labantu abangosozigidi e-United States naseCanada liye lenyuka cishe ngo-40% kusukela ngo-1997 laya ezigidini ezingu-2,5.” Leli phephandaba laphawula nokuthi leli zwe elithuthukile kwezobuchwepheshe linothisa intsha eningi. Kodwa isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo uDkt. Stephen Goldbart sithi abanye abakwazi ukubhekana nokunotha kwabo ngokungazelelwe. UGoldbart uthi: “Kungonakalisa ukuphila kwabo, kuhlukanise imikhaya yabo futhi kubaholele endleleni yokuziphatha okonakele. Imali ayikulethi ukuthula nokwaneliseka njalo.” Ezinye izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo zithi leli zwe elithuthukile kwezobuchwepheshe liye ladala “isifo esisha—isifo sokuvele unothe,” esizibonakalisa ngokucindezeleka okukhulu, ukushaywa uvalo nokuqwasha. Njengoba kushiwo kuyi-Post, “abanye abasanda kunotha bazizwa benecala ngokuba nemali eningi kangaka futhi babe nomuzwa wokuthi ayibafanele.” Abanye abathembi muntu besaba ukuthi bazoxhashazwa. UDkt. Goldbart utusa ukuba labo abanothile abangajabule bahlanganyele ekwenzeni izinto nomphakathi bangamane nje basayine amasheke omnikelo ezinhlanganweni ezisiza abantu.

Ukusebenzisa Imithi Ngokweqile

“Izixwayiso eziphindaphindiwe zezikhulu zezempilo mayelana nokusebenzisa imithi ngokweqile zifana nokuthela amanzi emhlane wedada,” kuphawula umagazini i-New Scientist. “Ukuhlola okwenziwa kubantu abangu-10 000 ezifundazweni ezingu-9 e-United States kwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angu-32 asakholelwa ukuthi imithi elwa namagciwane ingelapha umkhuhlane, amaphesenti angu-27 akholelwa ukuthi ukuphuza imithi elwa namagciwane uma uphethwe umkhuhlane kuyovimbela ukuba ungaguli kakhulu, futhi abangamaphesenti angu-48 balindela ukuba udokotela abanike imithi elwa namagciwane uma beye kuye bephethwe umkhuhlane.” Kodwa imithi elwa namagciwane ayisebenzi ezifweni ezibangwa ama-virus njengomkhuhlane. Isebenza kuphela ezifweni ezibangwa ama-bacterium. Ukusebenzisa imithi elwa namagciwane ngokweqile kubhekwa njengembangela eyinhloko yezifo ezimelana nemithi. (Bheka i-Phaphama! ka-December 22, 1998, ikhasi 28.) UBrian Spratt wase-Oxford University uthi: “Kudingeka sithole indlela engcono yokudlulisela umyalezo oqondile.”

Isilokazane Seqhwa Esingavamile

I-Sunday Telegraph yaseLondon ibika ukuthi “esinye sezithombe zokuqala esizonyatheliswa ‘zesilokazane seqhwa’ esiyivelakancane nesiwuphunyuka bemphethe esihlala okhahlamba iRocky nasezingxenyeni zeRussia sizovezwa encwadini esanda kulotshwa i-Handbook of Insects.” Lesi silokazane sasemadwaleni asenyakatho siphila ezindaweni eziphakeme ngezilwane ezifile noma izingxenye zezinambuzane ezintanta emoyeni. Lesi silokazane sinombala onsundu ngokuphaphathekile nophuzi, sinezimpondo ezinde kodwa asinazo izimpiko, futhi abantwana baso bacishe bafane nomkhothane omncane. Singamasentimitha amathathu ubude, siyingxenye yesigaba sezinambuzane ezatholakala eminyakeni engaphansi kweyikhulu edlule. “Sizwana kahle nendawo esihlala kuyo ebandayo kangangokuthi singabulawa ukushisa uma ungasibeka entendeni yesandla,” kuchaza leli phephandaba. UDkt. George McGavin wo-Museum of Natural History wase-Oxford University, umlobi wale ncwadi entsha, uphawula ukuthi akuyona ngisho nengxenye yesihlanu yezinambuzane ezisemhlabeni esezitholakele kuze kube manje.

Kungani Iziphuzo Ezibandayo Zine-caffeine?

“Uma i-caffeine ingakuthuthukisi ukunambitheka kweziphuzo ezibandayo, ifakelwani?” kubuza umagazini i-New Scientist. “Ososayensi e-Johns Hopkins University eBaltimore bathola ukuthi kubantu abadala abangu-25 abaphuza iziphuzo ezibandayo babili kuphela abakwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezine-caffeine nezingenayo.” Kodwa amaphesenti angu-70 ezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-15 zamakani eziphuzo ezathengwa amaMelika ngo-1998 ayene-caffeine. Ekuhloleni kwangaphambili, isazi se-psychopharmacology uRoland Griffiths nozakwabo “bathola ubufakazi bokuthi izingane ezazingasanikwa iziphuzo ezibandayo ezine-caffeine njengenjwayelo ziyaziqalekela.” UGriffiths uthi: “Banezela isidakamizwa esingenamandla kakhulu, esifakazela iqiniso lokuthi abantu baphuza kakhulu iziphuzo ezine-caffeine kunezingenayo.”