Ukubuka Okwezwe

Izingane Nezinkonzo Zenkolo

Uhlelo lwamuva lwencwadi ethi Canadian Social Trends luyabuza: “Ingabe izingane ziyaya ezinkonzweni zenkolo?” Iphendula ithi ngokocwaningo lwe-Statistics Canada, “cishe zingaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu, u-36%, izingane zaseCanada ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-12 ubudala eziya ezinkonzweni zenkolo okungenani kanye ngenyanga, futhi eziningi ziya masonto onke. Ezinye ezingu-22% aziyi njalo, kodwa ziya okungenani kanye ngonyaka.” Nokho, lesi sihloko sabonisa ukuthi “ukuthi izingane zingezayiphi inkolo kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekutheni ziya njalo yini ezinkonzweni zenkolo. . . . Izingane ezisemasontweni izingqapheli eziningi eziwabheka njengayinhloko emphakathini, njengeSheshi ne-United Church, kubikwa ukuthi inani eliya esontweni masonto onke liphansi ukuwedlula wonke (18%).” Izingane ezingamaRoma Katolika zenza kangconywana, njengoba ezingamaphesenti angu-22 ziba khona masonto onke. Nakuba izingane ezingamaSulumane ezingamaphesenti angu-44 ziba khona ezinkonzweni zenkolo isonto ngalinye, “kubikwa ukuthi inani lezingane ezazingayi enkonzweni laliphakeme ukuwedlula wonke (39%) ngonyaka owandulela lolu cwaningo.”

Isixwayiso Ngezinqola Zokucathulisa Abantwana

Iphephandaba laseLondon i-Independent labika ukuthi ukusebenzisa izinqola zokucathulisa abantwana kungaphazamisa ukukhula kwezinsana ngokomzimba nangengqondo. Abacwaningi eState University of New York bathola ukuthi izinqola zokucathulisa abantwana ezinoqwembe olukhulu ngaphambili zivimbela izinsana ukuba zibuke imilenze yazo futhi zithinte izinto ezizungezile. Kwatholakala ukuthi izinsana ezisebenzisa izinqola zokucathula zihlala ziqonde, zigaqe, futhi zihambe sekudlule amasonto amahlanu ngemva kwalezo ezingakaze ziyisebenzise inqola yokucathula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphenyo lwembula ukuthi minyaka yonke izinsana ezingamaphesenti angu-50 ezisebenzisa izinqola zokucathula ziyalimala ezingozini ezinjengokuwa ezitebhisini noma ukuwela emlilweni noma ukuketuka kwenqola. UDkt. Denise Kendrick, waseNottingham University Medical School yaseBrithani, uthi: “Izinqola zokucathulisa abantwana ziyingozi. Zibonakala zifeza izidingo zabazali ngokugcina izingane zimatasa ngokuthile kunokuba zizuzise izingane ngokwazo.”

Izinongo Zilwa Namagciwane

Isifo sokudla okunobuthi esibi kakhulu emhlabeni saqubuka eBrithani ngo-1996, sabulala abantu abangu-18. Imbangela kwakungamagciwane i-E. Coli 0157 asenyameni eyonakele. Ngokwe-Independent yaseLondon, muva nje abacwaningi bathole ukuthi ukuthela usinamoni esiphuzweni sama-apula esingabilisiwe kwabulala amagciwane angamaphesenti angu-99,5 ngezinsuku ezintathu. Kwesinye isenzakalo, ososayensi bathela izinongo enyameni yenkomo engaphekiwe nakumasosishi futhi bathola ukuthi usinamoni, ama-clove nesweli kwakuphumelela kakhulu ekubulaleni i-E. Coli 0157. Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi lezi zinongo zingaphumelela ekulweni namanye amagciwane, ahlanganisa i-salmonella ne-campylobacter.

Izikweletu Zabantu BaseBrithani

Ngokokwaziswa okwakhishwa i-People’s Bank futhi kwanyatheliswa kuyi-Times yaseLondon, abantu baseBrithani bakweleta amaRandi ayizinkulungwane eziyisigidi ngenxa yemali ebolekiswayo, amakhadi esikweletu nokukhokha ngamancozuncozu futhi bakhokha inzalo engamaRandi ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-35 minyaka yonke. Inani labantu elingaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu laboleka imali engu-R62 800 umuntu ngamunye ngaphandle kwesibambiso. Ukuthenga ngamakhadi esikweletu eBrithani kuye kwaphindeka kabili eminyakeni emithathu, kwafinyelela emaRandini ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-695 ngo-1998. Futhi lolu cwaningo lwathola nokuthi bangamaphesenti angu-13 kuphela abantu abakhathazeka ngokuthi bangase behlulwe izikweletu zabo. Futhi i-People’s Bank ithi oyedwa kwabahlanu wavuma ukuthi wayeboleka imali “ukuze alondoloze indlela yakhe yokuphila.”

Ngokumelene Nentando Yakhe

Kwabesifazane abasebasha abangu-304 okwaxoxwa nabo ekuhlolweni okwabikwa ngumagazini waseJalimane i-Psychologie Heute, cishe abayingxenye eyodwa kwezine bathi babephoqelelwe ukuba bahlanganyele ohlotsheni oluthile lobulili ngokumelene nentando yabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo mbiko uthi abesifazane abangaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezine babika ukuthi amadoda ayezame ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa nophuzo oludakayo ukuze abayengele ekuhlanganyeleni ubulili ngenkani. Uyanezela: “Uma kucatshangelwa imizamo yezinsizwa yokuthonya abesifazane ngokulalisa ulimi, ngokusebenzisa izidakamizwa, noma uphuzo oludakayo, ayokwanda ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwangu-50 amathuba okuba owesifazane osemusha oneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-17 nengu-20 aphoqelelwe ukuba ahlanganyele ubulili ngokumelene nentando yakhe.”

Indawo Emnyama Yokubuka Isibhakabhaka Engeyokuqala Emhlabeni

I-Globe Mail yaseCanada ithi: “Kunombukwane osithwe ukukhanya kwezibani edolobheni, wacinaniswa umusi womoya ongcolile, abantu abaningi abangasawuboni manje—ubuhle besibhakabhaka ebusuku.” “Kungenzeka ukuba abantu bakhule, baze babe badala, bengakaze babubone ubuhle besibhakabhaka ebusuku,” kukhononda umlobi oyisazi sezinkanyezi uTerence Dickinson. Ngokwesibonelo, uphawula ukuthi eminyakeni embalwa edlule ngemva kokuba ukuzamazama komhlaba kucime ugesi ezingxenyeni ezithile zeCalifornia, ezinye izakhamuzi zashayela amaphoyisa ucingo ziwatshela “ngokubukeka kwezinkanyezi okuyisimanga nomthala oyinkungu” esibhakabhakeni. Ukuze abantu baseCanada ababuka izinkanyezi bakwazi ukubuka isibhakabhaka esingasithwe yilutho nesingenakho ukukhanya ebusuku, kuye kwakhethwa indawo kaHulumeni engamahektare angu-1 990 esifundeni esisenyakatho yeToronto saseMuskoka Lakes “njengendawo elondoloziwe engenakukhanya yokubuka isibhakabhaka.” Njengoba ibizwa ngokuthi iTorrance Barrens Conservation Reserve, kukholelwa ukuthi iyindawo yokuqala emhlabeni yokubuka isibhakabhaka engenakho ukukhanya.

Obaba Namadodakazi

Iphephandaba laseCanada i-Globe and Mail libika ukuthi ucwaningo lwamuva lwe-Health Canada olusekelwe ekuhlolweni kwentsha engu-2 500 lwembula ukuthi kunegebe lokukhulumisana phakathi kobaba nezingane zabo, ikakhulukazi amadodakazi. Angamaphesenti angu-33 kuphela amantombazane aneminyaka engu-15 kuya kwengu-16 ubudala akuthola “kulula noma kungeyona inkinga ukukhuluma noyise ngezinto eziwakhathaza ngempela,” uma kuqhathaniswa nabafana abangamaphesenti angu-51. Noma kunjalo, lo mbiko uthi “amantombazane abazisa kakhulu oyise futhi ayakudinga ukusekela kwabo.” UProfesa Alan King waseQueen’s University uyavuma ukuthi “kunzima kobaba ukukhuluma nezingane zabo, ikakhulukazi phakathi naleyo minyaka yesiyaluyalu lapho ziqala ukuthomba,” lapho obaba abaningi bezishaya indiva izindaba eziphathelene nobulili nezenzo zokuziphatha eziyingozi. Kodwa unxusa ukuba obaba babhekane nale nselele, ikakhulukazi njengoba manje omama abaningi sebechitha isikhathi esincane benezingane zabo kunakuqala.

‘Ngeke Ngilunge Ngaphandle Kwe-TV!’

Yini obungahamba nayo uma bekungadingeka uchithe isikhathi esithile esiqhingini esingenamuntu? Lo mbuzo wabuzwa abasha abangu-2 000 eJalimane. Iphephandaba i-Westfälische Rundschau libika ukuthi kwabaningi, izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu bekungaba i-TV nomsakazo, kanye nama-CD namakhasethi aqoshiwe. Ukudla neziphuzo ezibandayo kwathatha indawo yesibili, kanti amalungu omkhaya nabangane bathatha indawo yesithathu. Othile oneminyaka engu-13 wachaza ukuthi kungani ayekhethe ngale ndlela: “Ngeke ngilunge ngaphandle kwe-TV.” Ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuphela yalabo ababuzwa eyathi yayingathatha namathuluzi awusizo njengemimese, amageja namasaha. Bangu-0,3% kuphela abakhuluma ngokuthatha iBhayibheli. Omncane kunabo bonke, intombazanyana eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, yathi: “Ngingathanda ukuhamba nomama. Uma ekhona, konke kuhamba kahle.”

Osozinyama Be-sumo Abayizidlakela

Usosayensi wezokuzivivinya emkhakheni wezemidlalo eJapane uthi osozinyama be-sumo, abadume umhlaba wonke ngemizimba yabo emikhulu, sebenesisindo esikhulu kangangokuthi imilenze yabo bayayesinda. Umagazini i-New Scientist ubika ukuthi izenzakalo zokulimala emikhakheni emibili ephezulu kuyi-sumo zaphindeka kabili eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, okwabangela ukuba iqembu lososayensi liqhathanise amafutha emzimbeni namandla emilenze kosozinyama abangu-50. Lo mbiko uthi: “Ingxenye eyodwa kwezine kubo yayingenayo imisipha yemilenze eqine ngokwanele ukuba ithwale imizimba yabo esindayo.” Isilinganiso sesisindo semizimba yosozinyama be-sumo abaphezulu sasuka kumakhilogremu angu-126 ngo-1974 saya kumakhilogremu angu-156 ngo-1999. Umkhulumeli we-sumo uDoreen Simmonds uthi: “Ngokwengxenye kuhlobene nokukhuluphala okwandayo kwabantu baseJapane.” Kodwa ukukhuluphala akukwenzi wenze ngcono. USimmonds uyaphawula: “Umdlali we-sumo omi kahle uba nomzimba onjengepheya. Izinqulu eziphansi, amathanga amakhulu nezihluzu eziqinile.”

Izingane Zisengozini

Amazwe ase-Angola, eSierra Leone, nase-Afghanistan ayizindawo eziyingozi kunazo zonke emhlabeni ezinganeni, futhi ‘mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba ingane iphile ize ibe neminyaka engu-18 ubudala,’ kusho umbiko we-United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Izimpi, ubumpofu obudlangile nokwanda kwegciwane i-HIV nengculaza kwenza ukuba izingane zibe sengozini enkulu kunokuba kwakunjalo eminyakeni eyishumi edlule. Uma isilinganiso “sezingozi izingane ezibhekene nazo” siqala ku-1 kuya ku-100, i-UNICEF ilinganisela ukuthi amathuba engozi angu-96 e-Angola, 95 eSierra Leone, no-94 e-Afghanistan. Ngokuphambene, i-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi ngokwesilinganiso amathuba engozi angu-6 eYurophu.