Ukubuka Okwezwe
Isixwayiso Ngobumpumputhe
Iphephandaba i-Prince George Citizen lithi: “Bangaphezu kuka-200 000 abantu baseCanada abaphethwe i-glaucoma kodwa yingxenye yalabo bantu kuphela eyaziyo ukuthi inalesi sifo.” Njengoba i-glaucoma iyimbangela eyinhloko yobumpumputhe, ibulala amangqamuzana ezinzwa angemuva kwehlo kancane kancane. Umuntu emphethe uya ngokuya engaziboni izinto eziseceleni, ebona eziseduze kuphela kuze kube yilapho eba yimpumputhe. Abaningi esibaphethe abakutholi ukwelashwa ngoba abezwa buhlungu futhi bayakwazi ukushayela, ukufunda nokwenza imisebenzi eminingi. Ngokwe-Glaucoma Research Society yaseCanada, abasengozini kakhulu bahlanganisa asebekhulile, labo okunabantu abake baphathwa i-glaucoma emindenini yakubo, abantu abansundu abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40 nabantu amehlo abo adonsa kanzima. “Uma singakhuthaza abantu abasengozini kakhulu ukuba babone udokotela, ngabe sisebenzile,” kusho uDkt. Neeru Gupta, umqondisi womnyango we-glaucoma eSt. Michael’s Hospital eToronto. “Iphuzu liwukuthi ukuyithola isaqala nokuyelapha kungavimbela ubumpumputhe.”
Umsindo Wasemadolobheni Uqeda Ukuphupha Kamnandi
UMnyango Wendawo Ezungezile Wase-Italy uthi abantu base-Italy abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-40—cishe amaphesenti angu-72 enani labantu bakhona—bezwa umsindo omkhulu phakathi nosuku. I-Corriere della Sera ibika ukuthi okunye kokugula okungase kubangelwe umsindo onjalo ukushaya ngamandla kwenhliziyo, ukushintshashintsha komfutho wemithambo yegazi nemigudu yokuphefumula, ukudleka kolwelwesi lwesisu nesicanucanu. Emadolobheni amakhulu umsindo wezimoto wenza abantu bangakwazi ukulala kahle. Umsindo wasebusuku emadolobheni ungaba ngaphezu kwama-decibel angu-70, unciphise ubuthongo obujulile nokuphupha. ULucia Venturi, umqondisi wezesayensi wenhlangano yezemvelo yase-Italy, i-Legambiente, uthi: ‘Kulinganiselwa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye kwabayizigidi ezingu-18 abahlala emadolobheni amakhulu uchitha isigamu sehora engalele ubusuku ngabunye. Lokhu kungalingana nokuqwasha izinsuku ezingu-22 ngonyaka umuntu ngamunye.’
Kufanele Uncome Ukuhlakanipha Noma Ukuzikhandla?
Abazali abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyazisiza izingane ukuzincoma ngokuthi zihlakaniphile. Nokho, i-Columbia Magazine yaseColumbia University, eNew York, ibika ukuthi ucwaningo olusha lubonisa ukuthi lokho kuncoma kungase kuziqede umdlandla futhi kuphazamise lokho ezizokwenza esikhathini esizayo. UProfesa Carol Dweck uthi kungcono ukuncoma imizamo yezingane yokuzikhandla, okushukumisa ikhono lazo lokubhekana nezinselele zokuphila. UDweck uyaphawula: “Izingane ezinconywa ngokuthi zihlakaniphile zikhathalela kakhulu ukuba zibonakale zihlakaniphile futhi ngokuvamile ziyeka amathuba okufunda okuthile okubalulekile ukuze nje zihlale ziphuma phambili.” Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mbiko waphawula ukuthi lezo ezinconywa ngomzamo wazo nokubekezela zigxila kakhulu ekufundeni nasekunqobeni ukwehluleka. “Ngakho, lezi zingane ziyoncamela ukuyeka ithuba lokubonakala zihlakaniphile ukuze zifunde,” kuphawula uDweck. “Futhi ziyakwazi ukumelana nezinkinga ngoba azidunyazwa ukwehluleka.”
Abathungeli Bomlilo Abandizayo
Amagwababa asolwa ngokuthi athungela umlilo ezindaweni ezimbili eKamaishi, eJapane. Kowokuqala, abacimi bomlilo abacima umlilo otshanini obungasemathuneni bathola ubufakazi bokuthi wawuthungelwe amagwababa. I-Nihon Keizai Shimbun iyachaza: “Amagwababa acosha amakhekhe ayebekwe ethuneni, futhi ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, kwathungeleka umlilo ngalapho ayendize ashona ngakhona. Ezinye izinti zempepho, ezazishiywe zivutha, nazo zazingasekho, futhi kwatholakala amakhandlela lapho umlilo waqala khona, ngokusobala ayewiswe amagwababa.” I-Daily Yomiuri ibika ukuthi cishe esikhathini esingangonyaka kamuva, kwaqubuka umlilo entabeni kuyo leyo ndawo. Lapho, umcimi womlilo wabona igwababa lindiza liphethe ikhadibhodi elivuthayo ngomlomo futhi lalilahla emfuleni oseduze. Abacimi bomlilo bathola elinye ibhokisi elishile eduze kwalapho kwakuqale khona umlilo. Amagwababa ayesezithathephi futhi manje izimbaqa? Kwatholakala ukuthi isakhamuzi salapho sasishisa amabhokisi amazambane embawuleni.
Kuyingozi Ukuhloma
Iphephandaba laseNingizimu Afrika i-Natal Witness lithi: “Izisulu zokudunwa kwezimoto eziphatha izibhamu zisethubeni lokudutshulwa ngokuphindwe kane kunalezo ezingaziphathi.” Lo mbiko unezela ukuthi “izisulu ezihlome ngezibhamu zazisengozini yokuphucwa izibhamu zazo ngokuphindwe kane kunamathuba okuba zizisebenzise.” Ukuhlolwa kwezincwadi zamacala esiteshini samaphoyisa kwabonisa ukuthi abahlaseli babedubula izisulu emacaleni okudunwa kwezimoto angamaphesenti angu-12. Nokho, leli nani lakhuphukela kumaphesenti angu-73 lapho izisulu zikhipha isibhamu ukuze zizivikele. Umcwaningi u-Antony Altbeker waphetha: “Nakuba ukuphatha isibhamu kungakwenza uzizwe uvikelekile, akukwenzi ulondeke ngempela.”
“Umzila Wezimfudu”
Ngo-December unyaka ngamunye, izimfudu zasolwandle ezingu-10 000 ziphindela e-Ascension Island e-Atlantic Ocean ukuze ziyozalela. I-Times yaseLondon ibika ukuthi lapho belandelela ngeziphuphutheki, ososayensi baseBrithani nase-Italy muva nje batholé “umzila wezimfudu” phakathi kwalesi siqhingi nalapho lezi zilwane zibuthana khona eduze kwaseRecife, idolobha laseBrazil elingasogwini. Ekupheleni kwenkathi yazo yokufukamela eyizinyanga ezingu-7, zonke lezi zimfudu zihamba ngomzila ofanayo zibuyele eBrazil amakhilomitha angu-300 okuqala. Zibe sezihlukana kancane ziye ezindaweni zokudla ezihlukene. Kodwa kuthiwani ngezimfudu ezincane, ezingakakhuli ngokwanele ukuba zihlambe ibanga elingamakhilomitha angu-2 000 ziphindele eBrazil? Zihamba namagagasi olwandle i-Atlantic neCaribbean, zidla ama-jellyfish nezinye izilwanyana ezincane. Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu noma eyisithupha, ufudu ngalunye luyazihambela luye ezindaweni zokudlela eBrazil. Bese kuthi uma sezineminyaka engaba ngu-20 ubudala, zizibandakanye nalesi sixuku esifudukela e-Ascension Island ukuyozalela.
Ziyanda Izingane Ezingamasosha
“Eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu edlule, izingane ezisetshenziswa ezimpini ziye zanda zisuka kwezingu-250 000 ziya kwezingu-300 000 namuhla,” kubika i-Go Between, incwadi ye-United Nations Non-Governmental Liaison Service. Izingane ezingamasosha—ezinye ezineminyaka engu-8 ubudala—zihileleke ezimpini ezingaphezu kwezingu-30 ezidlangile manje emhlabeni wonke. Ngokuka-Olara Otunnu, onguMmeleli Okhethekile we-Children and Armed Conflict kanobhala-jikelele we-UN, “izingane ziye zaphoqelelwa ukuba zibe izikhali zempi, zabuthwa noma zathunjwa ukuze ziyoba amasosha, ngaleyo ndlela ziphoqelelwa ukuba zibe nonya ukuze ziveze inzondo yabantu abadala.” Ukuze ilwe nokwanda kwenani lezingane ezingamasosha, i-United Nations Children’s Fund isekela isiphakamiso esithi “ababuthelwa empini mababe neminyaka engengaphansi kuka-18 ubudala futhi esinxusa ukuba ukubuthwa kwabaneminyaka engaphansi kwaleyo kubhekwe njengobugebengu bempi,” kusho incwadi ethi Facts & Figures 1998.
Abantu Abadala Basebenzisa I-Internet
“Ukuhlolwa kwamuva kwezibalo zenani labantu abasebenzisa i-Internet kubonisa ukuthi abantu abadala [abaneminyaka engu-50 nangaphezulu] basebenzisa i-Internet kakhulu kunokuba kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili,” kubika intatheli uMaria Seminerio we-ZDNet. NgokukaTim Cobb, umongameli wenhlangano eyenza le nhlolo-vo, “lobu ubufakazi bokuthi i-Internet isidumile futhi akuseyona nje eyezazi kuphela.” Ngokwesibonelo, okungenani amaphesenti angu-40 abantu abadala abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 e-United States manje sebene-computer ekhaya, futhi kubikwa ukuthi abangamaphesenti angu-70 kubo basebenzisa i-Internet.
Ingculaza—‘Umqedazwe Othathelwanayo Ohamba Phambili’
“Ingculaza manje [iwukuphela] komqedazwe othathelwanayo ohamba phambili emhlabeni,” kuphawula uPeter Piot, umqondisi ophethe uhlelo lwengculaza lweZizwe Ezihlangene. Umagazini i-Science ubika ukuthi ngo-1997, ingculaza yayiyisifo sesikhombisa kwezibulalayo emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa phakathi no-1998 yazidlula zonke ezinye ngaphandle kwesifo senhliziyo esibangelwa ukuvaleka kwemithambo, isifo sobuchopho nemithambo yegazi kanye nesifo sokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula, okungezona izifo ezithathelwanayo. Ingculaza yabuye yaba umbulali ohamba phambili e-Afrika, idlula ngisho nezifo okungezona ezithathelwanayo. E-Afrika iyodwa, ingculaza yabulala abantu ababalelwa ku-1 830 000 ngonyaka odlule—inani eliphindwe kabili kwelababulawa umalaleveva, isifo esiphuma isibili kwezingumshayabhuqe kulelo zwekazi.
Omama Abacindezelekile—Izingane Ezicindezelekile
Iphephandaba laseCanada i-National Post libika ukuthi uma umama okhulelwe ecindezeleke kakhulu, ukukhula komntwana wakhe ongakazalwa kungaphazamiseka kakhulu. NgokukaPathik Wadhwa ose-University of Kentucky College of Medicine, eLexington, eKentucky, isizalo “sithonya ukukhula komntwana, futhi ukucindezeleka kakhulu kukamama kungase kwenze ingane ingenwe yizifo kalula.” Lo mbiko uthi omama abacindezelekile “banamathuba amaningi okuthi babelethe ngaphambi kwesikhathi.” Abacwaningi baseClemson University, eNingizimu Carolina, basikisela ukuthi “ukuvivinya umzimba okuphumuzayo kungasiza omama abacindezelekile abakhulelwe ukuba behlise umfutho wabo wegazi, kwenze ukuba isibeletho sibe nempilo.”