Ukubuka Okwezwe
‘Unyaka Lapho Izwe Lathungeleka Ngomlilo’
UJean-Paul Jeanrenaud, umphathi wohlelo lokunakekelwa kwamahlathi lwe-World Wide Fund for Nature International, uthi “unyaka ka-1997 uyokhunjulwa njengonyaka lapho izwe lathungeleka khona ngomlilo.” Kwaba nemililo emikhulu kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwase-Antarctica. Ngokwesibonelo, kwasha amahlathi ayigugu e-Indonesia naseBrazil, alingana nezwe laseSwitzerland. Lokhu kwabangelwa ukugawulwa ngamabomu kwamahlathi ukuze kulinywe kanye nesomiso, okucatshangwa ukuthi siwumphumela wesimo sezulu esibi esibangelwa u-El Niño. Iphephandaba laseLondon i-Independent libika ukuthi amazinga aphakeme esikhutha aba khona ngenxa yokusha kwemithi abangela ukungcola komoya futhi andisa ingozi yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. UMnu. Jeanrenaud uyaxwayisa: “Sibangela umjikelezo omubi wokubhubhisa, lapho imililo emikhulu ibangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu futhi inesandla kulezi zinguquko.”
Kudingeka I-calcium Eyengeziwe
Ipheshana laseJalimane i-Gesundheit in Wort und Bild (Ukukhulumela Impilo Nokuba Khona Kwayo Ngokoqobo) liyaxwayisa: “Ngenxa yokukhula kwamathambo ayo, intsha idinga i-calcium eyengeziwe.” Kutuswa ukuba ithole amamiligremu angu-1200 nsuku zonke, kodwa amaphesenti angu-56 kuphela amantombazane namaphesenti angu-75 ezinsizwa aneminyaka ephakathi kuka-15 no-19 ubudala eJalimane akwazi ukufinyelela lelo zinga. UMary Fraser, we-European Foundation for Osteoporosis, uthi: “Kulo lonke elaseYurophu, amantombazane athola i-calcium enganele.” Nakuba kungase kungabonakali isikhathi eside, ukuntula i-calcium ngale ndlela kungabangela ukuchachamba kwamathambo kamuva ekuphileni. Lesi sihloko sithi: “Ukudla okune-calcium eningi ushizi, ubisi, i-yogurt, izinhlamvu ze-sesame, izinhlamvu ze-amaranth, ubhontshisi, imifino eluhlaza, amantongomane nenhlanzi.”
I-dollar Elinamandla
I-U.S.News & World Report ithi: “Bambalwa abantu baseMelika abangase bakuqaphele lokhu, kodwa imali eningi yase-United States isetshenziswa emazweni angaphandle kwelase-United States kunangaphakathi. Emalini engamaphepha newuhlweza engama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-450 000 esezikhwameni zabantu zemali, emishinini yemali, ezisefweni zasemabhange negcinwe emakhaya, eyizingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu—noma ama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-300-000—isemazweni angaphandle.” Futhi leso sibalo besilokhu sanda ngama-dollar ayizigidi ezingu-15 000 kuya kwezingu-20000 ngonyaka. Nakuba ngokuvamile e-United States kusetshenziswa imali eyiphepha engama-dollar angu-20, imali eningi ekwamanye amazwe ingamaphepha angama-dollar angu-100, okubonisa ukuthi leyo mali ayisetshenziselwa ukuthenga izinto ezincane nje zansuku zonke, kodwa ifakwa ebhange futhi isetshenziswe kwezohwebo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho kunokwehla okukhulu khona kwamandla emali futhi abantu bengawathembi khona amabhange. Cishe amaphesenti angu-60 emali engamaphepha yama-dollar angu-100 eyenziwa ngonyaka odlule athunyelwa ngokuqondile kwamanye amazwe. Ngokukahulumeni wase-United States, isamba semali esetshenziswa emazweni angaphandle injengokutsheleka uhulumeni wase-United States imali engenanzalo okungadingekile ukuba ayikhokhe ngezimpahla noma ngezinkonzo ezithile, okongela uhulumeni izinkulungwane zezigidi zama-dollar.
Imvume Yokuphanga
I-ENI Bulletin iyabika: “Abaholi baseBrazil bamaRoma Katolika baye bamelela abantu abampofu nababulawa indlala, futhi bavikela labo abebe ukudla ukuze baphile.” Ngenxa yesomiso esibi enyakatho-mpumalanga yeBrazil, kuye kwavunyelwa ukuphanga izitolo nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla. Ngokombhishobhi omkhulu waseBelo Horizonte, ukhadinal’uSerafim Fernandes de Araujo, “isonto aligxeki muntu othatha ukudla, noma kuphi, ukuze angabulawa yindlala.” Kanti ukhadinal’uPaulo Evaristo Arns ucashunwa ethi: “Sizolwa nalo mbono omusha wokugodlwa kwenkululeko okwenza yonke ingcebo iye kubantu abambalwa abaphakeme kuyilapho abampofu beba mpofu nakakhulu.” Wanezela: “Sekuyisikhathi sokuba abantu basemadolobheni nabasemaphandleni bavuke.”
Umthwalo Wezikweletu
Iphephandaba i-Vancouver Sun libika ukuthi: “Ngokuvamile umuntu [waseCanada] uchitha u-$1236 [R5154] ekuthengeni izipho, ekuzijabuliseni nasekuvakasheni ngesikhathi samaholide, futhi okuningi kwalokhu ukukhokhela ngekhadi lokuthenga ngesikweletu.” Abaluleki bezezimali bathi abantu bacindezeleka kakhulu ukuba bathenge ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi, futhi lapho imali abanayo isiphelile, kulula ukuqhubeka bethenga ngokusebenzisa amakhadi esikweletu. Umeluleki othile ukholelwa ukuthi kubonakala sengathi ukuqiniseka kwabathengi ukuthi ngeke ubaphelele umsebenzi wabo wokuziphilisa kubanikeza “isibindi sokuzifaka ezikweletini eziningi esikhundleni sokuba bazikhokhe.” Ekupheleni kuka-1997, abaseCanada babenesikweletu esingakhokhiwe esiyingqopha-mlando samakhadi okuthenga ngesikweletu esingamaRandi ayizinkulungwane eziyizigidi ezingu-85,15—okwakuliphinda kabili inani lango-1991. Ochwepheshe bathi ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha ngomthengi ukuba akhokhe izikweletu zezinto azithenga ngeholide, futhi abaningi bayobe besakweleta lapho beqala ukuzifaka kwezinye “izikweletu ezinkulu” ngesikhathi sikaKhisimusi olandelayo.
Ukululaza Ukufa
“Abazali nothisha okufanele banciphise ukukhuthazwa kobuqhawe okwenziwa amabhayisikobho ne-TV ukuze bangakululazi ukufa,” kuchaza i-Jornal do Brasil. Ukuhlola okwenziwa eRio de Janeiro kubonisa ukuthi izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kuka-13 ubudala zenza izenzo zobugebengu ezingamaphesenti ayishumi. Lesi sihloko sithi: “Lezi izingane eziphatha izibhamu, ezihlasela, zilimaze noma zibulale ezifunda nabo, futhi ezinamacala okuxhaphaza abancane kunazo ngokobulili.” Isazi sezifo zengqondo u-Alfredo Castro Neto sithi: “Impucuko esinayo manje, ekhuthaza ukuncintisana neboniswa kumafilimu ukuthi umuntu angabulala ukuze athole lokho akufunayo, ingabhebhethekisa ukudideka kwalezi zingane.” Etusa amathoyizi afundisayo kunezibhamu, uthisha uJosefa Pech uthi kubalulekile ukubonisa ingane ukuthi “umqondo wokuba yiqhawe elibulala wonke umuntu uwubuwula futhi uyiphupho nokuthi izikhali azimeleli isikhundla noma amandla, kodwa kunalokho, ziyizinto ezibulala abantu.”
Irekhodi Elingumshayabhuqe
I-University of California Berkeley Wellness Letter ithi: “Ukubhema kubulala amaMelika amaningi unyaka ngamunye kunalawo afa eMpini Yezwe II naseMpini YaseVietnam ehlangene. Nsuku zonke amaMelika angaphezu kuka-1200 abulawa yizimbangela ezihlobene nokubhema, okuyinani elilingana nelabantu abagcwele ezindizeni ezinkulu ezintathu noma ezine eziphahlazeka kungasindi muntu.”
Insumansumane Yama-lemming Ichithiwe
Ingabe ama-lemming—izilwane ezincane ezisagundane ezihlala ezindaweni ezibandayo zasenyakatho—zizibulala ngokuziminzisa zonke? Abantu abaningi basakukholelwa lokhu. Nokho, sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bengabaza, futhi manje iqembu le-British Broadcasting Corporation Wildlife on One, eliye laqopha izithombe entshonalanga ye-Arctic, eCanada, izinyanga eziyisithupha, liye labonisa ukuthi le nsumansumane ayilona iqiniso. Uma nje esenokudla, ama-lemming ayanda. Yavelaphi-ke indaba yokuthi azibulala ngobuningi? Iphephandaba laseLondon i-Guardian libika ukuthi ama-lemming aseNorway ayeke abonwa ewela emanzini ngengozi lapho efuduka esuka ezintabeni eya emadlelweni aluhlaza.
Ukugebenga Iziguli
Izibhedlela zaseJalimane zihlushwa amasela. Iphephandaba i-Emsdettener Tageblatt libika ukuthi “kubikwa amacala okweba angu-300 ngonyaka ezibhedlela zasemayunivesithi aseCologne. Uma liphethe izimbali, limamatheka—isela esibhedlela liyaqiniseka ukuthi lizohlabana.” Njengoba ezenza abantu abavakashele iziguli, eba izinto ezisematafuleni aseceleni kwemibhede nezisezindaweni zokubeka izingubo. Iziguli esezigugile zenza kube lula ngamasela ukweba. Ngokwesibonelo, elinye ikhehla latholakala ligcine izinkulungwane ezimbalwa zama-deutsche mark ngaphansi komcamelo wombhede walo. Izikhathi zokuvakasha ezingalinganiselwe zinikeza izigebengu inkululeko enkulu, futhi cishe wonke umuntu angangena esibhedlela angavinjwa. Ngakho-ke, iziguli zixwayiswa ukuba zikhiyele imali yazo nezinto eziyigugu esisefweni sasesibhedlela noma kwenye indawo noma zinikeze omunye ukuba azigcine.
Omaka Bezindlebe
Muva nje eLondon lapho umgqekezi othile ebanjwa, watholwa ngendlebe yakhe. Kanjani? Nakuba ayecophelele ukuba angashiyi omaka beminwe lapho ayegqekeze khona, wayenomkhuba wokubeka indlebe yakhe efasiteleni noma embotsheni kakhiye ukuze ezwe ukuthi akukho muntu yini endlini ngaphambi kokugqekeza, kanjalo eshiya omaka bezindlebe zakhe. Isazi esiphenya ngobugebengu saseGlasgow University, eScotland, uProfesa Peter Vanesis, sithi: “Omaka bezindlebe bahlukile kobomuntu ngamunye njengomaka beminwe.” Nokho, i-Daily Telegraph yaseLondon ibika ukuthi ngokungafani nomaka beminwe, izindlebe ziyaqhubeka zikhula lapho umuntu esemdala, njengoba kunjalo ngezinwele nezinzipho. Nokho, amaphoyisa ayazi ukuthi izindlebe zethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zinkulu kangakanani, zihluke ngokuphelele, njengoba kwakunjalo ngezalo mgqekezi. Waba ngowokuqala eBrithani owalahlwa ngecala ngenxa yobufakazi bomaka bezindlebe, futhi wavuma ukuthi wayegqekeze izikhathi ezinhlanu.