Ukubuka Izinyoni—Ingabe Kuwukuzilibazisa Okuthandwa Yibo Bonke Abantu?

“Umuntu obuka izinyoni uhlale ebamba ongezansi.” UW. H. Hudson—The Book of a Naturalist.

EKOSI BAY, eduze nomngcele weNingizimu Afrika neMozambique, uKeith, u-Evelyn, uJannie nowayebaqondisa bahamba amakhilomitha angu-22 bayobona inyoni ethile. Lena kwakungeyona nje inyoni evamile! Babefuna inqe eliwuhlobo lwenkwazi—inyoni enkulu enombala omnyama nomhlophe, enamehlo azungezwe isikhumba esibomvu. Idla izinhlanzi ezifile nezithelo zesundu lamafutha.

UKeith uyalandisa: “Ngemva kohambo olude, sabuyela ekhaya sidumele ngoba sibone elilodwa vo—futhi nalo silibone lindizela kude. Ngesikhathi sifika lapho sasikanise khona, satholani? Amanqe awuhlobo lwezinkwazi amathathu esesihlahleni sesundu esingenhla kwalapho! Sakujabulela ukuwabuka cishe isigamu sehora ngaphambi kokuba andize, esibonisa umbukwane lapho ewavula wonke amaphiko awo. Ngalo lolo suku, sasiqala ngqá ukubona iSikhova esidla izinhlanzi. Yebo, isikhova esibamba izinhlanzi!”

Okuthakazelisa Noma Ubani

Emhlabeni jikelele, kumnandi ukubuka nokulalela izinyoni. Izinhlobo zazo ezingaphezu kuka-9600, zinikeza noma imuphi umbuki wezinyoni ohlale ekuphaphamele ithuba lokuzibona. Ubani ongakujabuleli ukubona kuthi shazi umbala we-hummingbird noma wesivuba? Ubani ongami lapho ekhangwa izinhlobo ze-mockingbird, i-nightingale, noma i-lyrebird enkulu yase-Australia noma umculo ongajwayelekile we-cuckoo noma ukuntontoloza kwe-magpie yase-Australia?

Ukubuka izinyoni (i-birding njengoba bevame ukukubiza kanjalo e-United States) kuwukuhlola izinyoni zasendle. Kungase kukufake ugqozi kuye ngokuthi uhlela ukukwenza kanjani. Ungase ungafuni ukuhamba exhaphozini noma ukugibela izintaba ukuze uthole izinyoni eziyivelakancane. Nokho, abantu abaningi bakuthola kwanelisa futhi kuqabula ukubuka izinyoni egcekeni noma engadini. Abaningi babeka amanzi noma ukudla kwezinyoni ngaphandle ukuze kuhehe izinyoni zasendaweni. Unyaka ngamunye bayanda abashisekela ukubuka izinyoni. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuwufanele umzamo.

Kungani Kudume Kangaka?

Ngokwencwadi i-America Challenged, kaSteve H. Murdock, phakathi kuka-1990 no-2050, inani labantu ababuka izinyoni kulindeleke ukuba likhule masinyane kunenani labantu base-United States. Umagazini i-New Scientist wabika ukuthi “abantu abaningi eNdiya sebeyakuphishekela ukubuka izinyoni.” Futhi uGordon Holtshausen usihlalo we-Publications Committee of BirdLife South Africa, ukholelwa ukuthi “eNingizimu Afrika . . . izincwadi [zezinyoni] zilandela iBhayibheli ngokuthengwa kakhulu.”

Uma uke wabuka inyoni ngendlela ayibuka ngayo umuntu obuka izinyoni, nawe uyoba nogqozi! Ukubuka izinyoni kuyathelelana. Kungase kube ukuzilibazisa okungabizi okukwenza uphume uye ezindaweni ezivulekile futhi kushukumise ingqondo. Kuthakazelisa njengokuzingela kodwa ungabulali. Njengoba izingane nabadala beshesha ukukuthanda, kungajatshulelwa imikhaya noma amaqembu abangane. Ungakujabulela noma uwedwa. Ukubuka izinyoni kuwukuzijabulisa okuhlanzekile, okwakhayo, okunempilo okungenziwa noma ngayiphi inkathi yonyaka cishe noma kuphi.

Izinto Eziyisisekelo Ekubukeni Izinyoni

Ingabe kuyenzeka ngezinye izikhathi ubone inyoni bese uzibuza ukuthi kazi inyonini? Umuzwa wokwaneliseka awutholakali ngokwazi nje amagama ezinkozi ezinkulu, izimpikoko nezinhlobo zamadada kuphela kodwa nokwazi ama-nightjar anganakwa kanye nama-earthcreeper. Kukhona nama-sandpiper afana nezinye izinyoni kanye nongcede abanezimpaphe ezivuthukayo kanye nazo zonke ezinye izinyoni eziphakathi nendawo.a

Ukuze ukwazi ukuzihlukanisa, uyodinga incwadi eyisiqondiso ngezinyoni ezisezweni lakini noma endaweni yakini. Lena incwadi ekwazi ukungena ekhukhwini enemifanekiso nezincazelo zeduna nensikazi kohlobo ngalunye. Incwadi eyisiqondiso engcono ihlanganisa nezinyoni ezingakakhuli ngokwanele ichaze nokuthi ziba nezimpaphe ezinjani ngezikhathi ezithile.

Yini enye edingwa umbuki wezinyoni osaqala? Umbuki wezinyoni udinga izibonakude ezibonisa kahle njengoba nje umdobi edinga udobo noma inetha. Uyomangala ukubona izici zezinyoni zangakini uma uzibona ngezibonakude. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Afrika imvubu enkulu ungayibona kalula. Kodwa uma ungasebenzisi izibonakude, ngeke uyibone i-oxpecker encane enoqhwaku olubomvu idla izinsensane lapho ihleli emhlane wemvubu.

Akuzona zonke izibonakude eziklanyelwe ukubuka izinyoni, futhi akukho okungakusiza ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa ubone ukuthi izinhlobo zazo zisebenza kanjani. Kubabuki bezinyoni izinhlobo ezimbili ezithandwayo u-7 x 42 no-8 x 40. Inombolo yokuqala ibhekisela emandleni okukhulisa, kanti eyesibili ububanzi bengilazi eyindilinga enkulu uma bukalwa ngamamilimitha. I-Field Guide to the Birds of North America ye-National Geographic ichaza ukuthi “isilinganiso sika-1 ku-5 phakathi kwamandla okukhulisa nobubanzi bengilazi sivame ukucatshangelwa njengesifanelekayo ngenxa yokucacisa kangcono into.” Lokhu kukwenza ukwazi ukubona imibala ngisho noma kungakhanyi kahle. Ngakho-ke, akulona ngempela izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lokukhulisa elidingekayo. Okudingekayo ukuba kucace.

Ungaqalaphi Ukuzibuka? Endaweni Yakini

Umuntu ozaziyo izinyoni zangakubo uyokulungela kangcono ukuhamba aye kwenye indawo ayobona izinyoni ezingajwayelekile noma angajwayele ukuzibona. Uyazi ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo ezihlale zikhona ngakini? Iziphi ezihlale zindiza mhlawumbe ziya echibini eliseduze noma exhaphozini, okubonakala sengathi azihlali phansi? Iziphi izinyoni ozibona zidlula ziya kwelinye izwe ngezinkathi ezithile? UChristopher Leahy, encwadini yakhe ethi The Birdwatcher’s Companion, wabhala: “ENyakatho Melika, [ukufuduka] kuhlanganisa cishe amaphesenti angu-80 ezinhlobo zezinyoni ezichamuselayo ezibalelwa kwezingu-645.”

Ezinye zalezi zinyoni ezifudukayo zingase zikanise ngakini ukuze ziphumule noma zithathe amandla. Kwezinye izindawo ababuki bezinyoni abashisekayo baye babona izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-210 egcekeni! Uyokuthola kuthakazelisa futhi kufundisa ukubhala phansi izinsuku obone ngazo uhlobo oluthile lwenyoni okokuqala nokokugcina unyaka ngamunye.

Izindlela Zokubuka Izinyoni

Ugaxe izibonakude entanyeni wafaka incwadi eqondisayo ekhukhwini, manje usukulungele ukuyohlola ngaphandle kwakwakho. Izinhlu eziphelele zezinyoni zivame ukutholakala eziqiwini zezilwane nasezindaweni zokulondoloza imvelo. Ngokuvamile zibonisa ukuthi uhlobo oluthile lubonakala ngasiphi isikhathi kuleyo ndawo futhi angakanani amathuba okuba ulubone. Lolu luhlu luyokusiza wazi ukuthi zinyoni zini ozibonile. Uma inyoni ocabanga ukuthi usanda kuyibona ibalwe njengeyivelakancane, khona-ke kuyoba kuhle ukuyihlolisisa, ikakhulukazi uma usaqala. (Bheka ibhokisi “Iziqondiso Eziyinhloko Ekuzihlukaniseni.”) Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma ibalwe njengevamile, kungenzeka ubone okuyiyona.

Zama ukuthola kusengaphambili ibalazwe elibonisa imikhondo nezinhlobo zezindawo ozozithola kuzo. Uma izinyoni zitholakala ezindaweni ezimbili noma ngaphezulu kusho ukuthi ziningi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uyazulazula noma ume ndawonye, lwela ukuzivumelanisa nendawo, futhi ulindele ukuba izinyoni zisondele. Yiba nesineke.

Kwezinye izindawo kunenombolo yocingo abantu abashisekayo abangashayela kuyo ukuze bathole umbiko ngezisanda kubonakala ezithakazelisayo kuleyo ndawo.

Kuyazuzisa Ukulungiselela Kusengaphambili

Ukuzibekela umgomo wokubona izinyoni ezithile kunomvuzo, kodwa kuyakuzuzisa ukufunda ngazo kusengaphambili. Uma useCaribbean, mhlawumbe inhliziyo yakho ilangazelela ukubona i-tody, kungaba ewuhlobo lwaseCuba, ePuerto Rico noma lwaseJamaica. Iwumasithuphuluzana othandwayo onombala oluhlaza ngokugqamile nezimpaphe ezibomvu. I-Guide to the Birds of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands kaHerbert Raffaele isitshela ukuthi “kunzima ukuyibona, kodwa ivame ukuzwakala.” Ama-tody aseCuba aziwa ngokuhaha nokuthi ayasheshisa uma efunza amaphuphu awo. Ngemva kokuchaza indlela le nyoni efunza ngayo amaphuphu ayo, uRaffaele unikeza lesi seluleko: “Ngokuvamile kuyazikhanga ukushayanisa amatshe amabili.”

Ungase ufune ukuhlela ukuhamba ngesikhathi esithile ukuze ukwazi ukuzibonela ngokwakho isenzakalo esithile ekuphileni kwezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoni, njengokundizela phezulu okuthakazelisayo kolunye uhlobo lwama-woodcock entwasahlobo. Noma ungase uthakazeliswe onogolantethe abamhlophe abaningi eGibraltar noma eBosporus belungela ukundiza baye e-Afrika ekwindla. Noma ukufuduka kwezinyoni ziya kwa-Israel.

Kuyavunywa, ukuhlela ukuthola inyoni ethile akufani nokuvakashela isikhumbuzo esithile esingokomlando owaziyo ukuthi siyohlale sikhona. Izinyoni zihlale zihamba. Ziyizingqabavu. Ziyizinhlobonhlobo. Ziyamangalisa. Kodwa ukuzifuna nokulinda kuwufanele umzamo!

Yikho konke lokhu okwenza ukubuka izinyoni kujabulise. Naphezu kokuhlela kwakho, izinyoni zingase zingabi bikho lapho ngesikhathi osuke ukhona ngaso—okungenani hhayi izinyoni osuke ulindele ukuzibona. Kodwa akekho ongasho ukuthi iziphi izinto ongazilindele ozozithola. Qiniseka ngokuthi, izinyoni ngeke zikudumaze. Mane nje ube nesineke. Ujabulele ukubuka izinyoni! Futhi ungakhohlwa uMklami wazo!—Genesise 1:20; 2:19; Jobe 39:13-18, 27-29.

[Imibhalo waphansi]

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 26]

Iziqondiso Eziyinhloko Ekuzihlukaniseni

Uma ubona inyoni engajwayelekile, kungase kukusize ukuzama ukuphendula eminye yale mibuzo:

1. Unjani umbala wale nyoni—uwodwa, unemisho, umagqabhagqabha noma umakhwifikhwifi?

2. Ihlalaphi le nyoni—emanzini, exhaphozini, ezindaweni ezingamathafa noma ehlathini?

3. Ingakanani le nyoni? Yiqhathanise nenyoni ejwayelekile—undlunkulu, i-robin, ijuba noma uklebe.

4. Yenzenjani le nyoni—ilandela izinambuzane, iyazulazula, indiza itshikizise isisila, ibhekisa isisila phezulu noma isishonisa phansi, noma ihamba phansi?

5. Ume kanjani umzimba wale nyoni—mfushane ucijile, mfushane uqatha, mude, uyisipheqeza noma umise okwengwegwe?

Ngokubuka kulezi “Zici Ezingokoqobo” bese ubheka iziqondiso eziyinhloko ekuzihlukaniseni, ngisho noqalayo angakwazi ukuqaphela izinhlobo ezijwayelekile.—Exhibit Guide, Merrill Creek Reservoir, New Jersey, U.S.A.

[Ibalazwe/Izithombe ekhasini 24, 25]

(Ukuze ubone ukuthi indaba ihlelwe kanjani, bheka encwadini)

IHANSI

North America

I-HUMMINGBIRD

North/Central America

I-BLUE JAY

North America

I-MACAW

Central/South America

I-BALD EAGLE

North America

I-CARDINAL

North/Central America

IVUBA

EziseMelika

I-TAWNY EAGLE

Africa, Asia

I-TOUCAN

South America

INKANKANE

South America

I-FRANKLIN’S GULL

EziseMelika

ILANDA ELIKHULU

Ezisemhla-beni wonke

I-CHAFFINCH

Europe, North Africa

I-MANDARIN DUCK

China

UNOGOLANTETHE

Europe, Africa, Asia

UNONDWEBU

Ezisezindaweni ezishisayo

INDWA ENESIQHOVA ESIMNYAMA

Africa

ISAKABULI

Australia

I-KOOKABURRA

Australia

IMPIKOKO

Ezisemhla-beni wonke

INTSHE

Africa

I-ROSELLA

Australia

[Imithombo]

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C./Glen Smart

Courtesy of Green Chimney’s Farm

Courtesy of San Diego Wild Animal Park

Map: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/ J. G. Heck

Courtesy of San Diego Wild Animal Park

[Umthombo Wesithombe ekhasini 23]

Imifanekiso yezinyoni emakhasini 23-7: The Complete Encyclopedia of Illustration/J. G. Heck