Iziboshwa Zobumpofu

NGONYAKA ka-33 C.E., uJesu Kristu wathi kubafundi bakhe: “Abampofu ninabo ngaso sonke isikhathi.” (Mathewu 26:11) Wayesho ukuthini ngempela? Ingabe wayesho ukuthi ubumpofu abusoze banqotshwa?

UJames Speth, umqondisi we-United Nations Development Programme, wathi: “Asinakuvuma ukuthi [ubumpofu] buyohlale bukhona. Izwe lanamuhla linengcebo, ulwazi nobuchwepheshe bokuqeda ubumpofu unomphela.” Kodwa ingabe izwe lanamuhla lingabuqeda ubumpofu?

I-United Nations General Assembly ngokusobala ithemba ukuthi imizamo yabantu ingabuqeda ubumpofu, njengoba yathi unyaka ka-1997 kuya ku-2006 “Ishumi Leminyaka [lokuqala] LeZizwe Ezihlangene Lokuqeda Ubumpofu.” I-UN yahlongoza ukubambisana nohulumeni, imiphakathi nezinhlangano ukuze kuthuthukiswe isimo sezomnotho, ukutholakala kwezinkonzo eziyisisekelo, isimo sabesifazane futhi kuvulwe amathuba emali nemisebenzi.

Imigomo etusekayo ngempela! Kodwa ingabe umphakathi wezwe uyoke uyifinyelele? Cabangela ezinye zezithiyo zokuqedwa kobumpofu ngemizamo yabantu.

Indlala Nokungondleki

U-Ayembe, ohlala eZaire, unamalungu omkhaya angu-15 ancike kuye. Ngezinye izikhathi lo mkhaya uthola ukudla kanye ngosuku—iphalishi elinamahlamvu omdumbula, usawoti noshukela. Ngezinye izikhathi ikati lilala eziko izinsuku ezimbili noma ezintathu. U-Ayembe uthi: “Ngilinda izingane zize zikhalele ukudla ngaphambi kokuba ngipheke.”

Isimo sabo asiyona into engavamile. Emazweni asathuthuka, umuntu oyedwa kwabahlanu ulala ngendlala nsuku zonke. Emhlabeni wonke, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-800—abayizigidi ezingu-200 kubo abangabantwana—abondlekile nhlobo. Laba bantwana abakhuli kahle; bagula njalo. Abaqhubi kahle esikoleni. Lapho sebekhulile, babhekana nemiphumela yalezi zinto. Ngakho, ubumpofu ngokuvamile bubangela ukungondleki kahle, nako okubhebhethekisa ubompofu.

Ubumpofu, indlala nokungondleki kwande kakhulu kangangokuba kubhuntshisa imizamo yezombangazwe, yezomnotho neyezenhlalo yokukuqeda. Ngempela, isimo asibi ngcono kodwa siyaqhubeka siba sibi.

Impilo Ebuthaka

Ngokwe-World Health Organization, ubumpofu “buyisifo esiyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni” futhi “buyimbangela eyisisekelo yokufa, yezifo nokuhlupheka.”

Incwadi ethi An Urbanizing World: Global Report on Human Settlements, 1996 yaphawula ukuthi okungenani abantu abayizigidi ezingu-600 eLatin America, e-Asia nase-Afrika babehlala ezindlini ezisesimweni esibi kakhulu—ezingenamanzi anele, isimiso sokukhucululwa kwendle nokuthuthwa kukadoti—kangangokuba ukuphila nempilo yabo kwakuhlala kusengozini. Emhlabeni wonke, abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane abanawo amanzi ahlanzekile. Amakhulu ezigidi awanamali yokuthenga ukudla okunomsoco. Zonke lezi zici zikwenza kube nzima kubantu abampofu ukuvimbela izifo.

Ngokuvamile abantu abampofu abakwazi futhi ukwelapha izifo. Lapho abampofu begula, bangase bangabi nayo imali yokuthenga imithi efanele noma yokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele. Abampofu bafa besebancane; labo abasindayo bangase baphile nezifo ezingamahlalakhona.

UZahida, umthengisi wasemakethe eMaldives, uthi: “Ubumpofu bubangela impilo ebuthaka, ekwenza ungakwazi ukusebenza.” Yiqiniso, ukuntuleka komsebenzi kubangela ubumpofu obengeziwe. Umphumela uba umjikelezo ononya nobhubhisayo owenza ubumpofu nezifo kubhebhetheke.

Ukuntuleka Komsebenzi Neholo Eliphansi

Esinye isici sobumpofu ukuntuleka komsebenzi. Emhlabeni wonke, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-120 abanamandla okusebenza abawutholi umsebenzi. Kanti-ke abanye abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-700 basebenza amahora amaningi bethola iholo eliphansi elingakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo eziyisisekelo.

URudeen ungumshayeli wethekisi eCambodia. Uthi: “Ubumpofu bungenza ngisebenze amahora angaphezu kwangu-18 ngosuku, kodwa naphezu kwalokho angitholi mali eyanele yokuzondla mina, umkami nabantwana ababili.”

Ukonakaliswa Kwendawo Ezungezile

Okuhambisana nobumpofu ukucekelwa phansi kwendawo ezungezile. U-Elsa, umcwaningi waseGuyana, eNingizimu Melika, waphawula: “Ubumpofu buwukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo: amahlathi, izwe, izilwane, imifula namachibi.” Nasi esinye isimo esiyinhlekelele—ubumpofu bubangela ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, okubhebhethekisa ubumpofu.

Ukutshala endaweni ize iphelelwe amandla okuveza isivuno noma isetshenziselwe enye injongo kuwumkhuba wasendulo. Kunjalo nangokugawulwa kwamahlathi—agawulelwa ukuthola izinkuni zokubasa noma indawo yokutshala izilimo. Ngenxa yamanani andayo abantu emhlabeni, isimo sesifinyelele eqophelweni eliyingozi.

Ngokwe-International Fund for Agricultural Development, kule minyaka engu-30 edlule, kuye kwakhukhuleka amaphesenti angaba ngu-20 enhlabathi ephezulu esemasimini, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuntuleka kwakho kokubili imali nobuchwepheshe obudingekayo ukuze kuthathwe izinyathelo zokulondoloza. Phakathi nenkathi efanayo, izigidi zamahektare ziye zaphenduka ugwadule ngenxa yezimiso zokunisela ngenkasa ezingakhiwe kahle nezinganakekelwa kahle. Futhi kugawulwa izigidi zamahektare amahlathi minyaka yonke ukuze kutholakale indawo yokutshala noma ukuze kutholakale izingodo zokwenza okuthile noma izinkuni zokubasa.

Lokhu kubhubhisa kuhlobene nobumpofu ngezindlela ezimbili. Okokuqala, abampofu ngokuvamile baphoqeleka ukuba bonakalise indawo ngoba badinga ukudla nezinkuni. Umuntu angabatshela kanjani ngokusebenzisa imvelo ngendlela engezukuyonakalisa noma akhulume ngenhlalakahle yezizukulwane ezizayo nalabo abalambile nabampofu futhi abaphoqeleka ukuba bonakalise izinto eziwusizo ezingokwemvelo ukuze bakwazi ukuphila njengamanje? Okwesibili, abacebile ngokuvamile bonakalisa izinto eziwusizo zemvelo zabampofu ukuze bazuze ngokwezimali. Ngakho, lapho abacebile nabampofu bebhubhisa izinto eziwusizo ezingokwemvelo ubumpofu buyanda.

Imfundo

U-Alicia, isisebenzi sezenhlalakahle sezindawo ezingamadolobha ePhilippines, wathi: “Ubumpofu benza owesifazane athumele abantabakhe emgwaqweni bayonxiba kunokuba baye esikoleni ngoba ngaphandle kwalokho akunakudla abazokudla. Umama usuke azi ukuthi kuphindeka isimo abhekana naso naye, kodwa akukho khambi alibonayo.”

Abantwana abangaba yizigidi ezingu-500 abanazo izikole. Abantu abadala abayizigidi eziyinkulungwane abafundile. Ngaphandle kwemfundo, kunzima ukuthola umsebenzi okahle. Ngakho ubumpofu benza kuntuleke imfundo, nakho okubangela ubumpofu obengeziwe.

Izindlu

Kunokusweleka kwezindlu emazweni ampofu, ngisho nakwamanye amazwe acebile. Omunye umbiko uthi cishe ingxenye yesine esigidini yezakhamuzi zaseNew York City iye yahlala ezikhungweni zokukhosela esikhathini esithile kule minyaka emihlanu edlule. NaseYurophu bakhona abantu abampofu. ELondon abantu abangaba ngu-400 000 babhaliswe njengabaswele amakhaya. EFrance abantu abayingxenye yesigidi abanamakhaya.

Kuwo wonke amazwe asathuthuka, isimo sibi kakhulu. Abantu bathuthelekela emadolobheni, behehwa amathemba okuthola ukudla, imisebenzi nokuphila okungcono. Kwamanye amadolobha, izakhamuzi ezingaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-60 zihlala emijondolo noma emafukwini. Ngakho ubumpofu bezindawo zasemaphandleni bubanga ubumpofu bezindawo zasemadolobheni.

Inani Labantu

Okwenza zonke lezi zinkinga zibe nzima nakakhulu ukwanda kwenani labantu. Inani labantu emhlabeni liye landa ngaphezu kokuphindwe kabili kule minyaka engu-45 edlule. IZizwe Ezihlangene zilinganisela ukuthi leli nani liyonyuka libe yizigidi ezingu-6200 ngonyaka ka-2000 kanti ngo-2050 liyobe selifinyelele ezigidini ezingu-9800. Izindawo ezimpofu kakhulu emhlabeni zinenani labantu elanda ngokushesha kakhulu. Kubantwana abangaba yizigidi ezingu-90 abazalwa ngo-1995, abayizigidi ezingu-85 bazalelwa emazweni angakwazi ukubanakekela.

Ingabe ukholelwa ukuthi isintu ngokungazelele sizobambisana ukuze siqede ubumpofu phakade ngokuxazulula izinkinga zendlala, izifo, ukusweleka kwemisebenzi, ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo, ukuswela imfundo, izindlu ezingafanele nempi? Ngokunokwenzeka awukukholelwa lokho.

Ingabe lokho kusho ukuthi alikho ithemba? Cha, ngoba ikhambi liseduze futhi lizofika nakanjani. Kodwa ngeke lilethwe imizamo yabantu. Khona-ke, liyofika kanjani? Futhi kuthiwani ngamazwi kaJesu lapho ethi: “Abampofu ninabo ngaso sonke isikhathi”?

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Abaphila Ngobubha

Ngo-1971, iZizwe Ezihlangene zaqamba inkulumo ethi “amazwe asathuthuka” ukuze zichaze “amazwe ampofu kakhulu nanomnotho ophansi kakhulu phakathi kwamazwe asathuthuka.” Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakunamazwe anjalo angu-21. Manje, asengu-48, kanti angu-33 ase-Afrika.

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Izigidi zisebenza amahora amaningi kodwa zithola iholo elincane

[Umthombo]

Godo-Foto

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Ukunethezeka nobumpofu kutholakala ndawonye

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Izigidi zihlala ezindlini ezingamafuku