Ukubuka Okwezwe
Ingculaza Nezwe Lase-Asia
Nakuba inani labantu okuqinisekwayo ukuthi banengculaza kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga liye lathi ukuncipha kancane, lomqedazwe uye wadlanga ezingxenyeni eziningi zase-Asia. Ngokombiko we-Asiaweek, inani labantu abanalesi sifo eNdiya “landa ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-71 engxenyeni yokuqala yawo-1990.” IThailand, eyayingunombolo 57 emhlabeni ngenani labanalesi sifo ngo-1990, yayisingunombolo 5 maphakathi nawo-1990. ICambodia yenyuka isuka kunombolo 173 yaya kunombolo 59. Kanti ePhilippines leli nani lenyuka ngamaphesenti angu-131 phakathi nenkathi efanayo. Abaningi bayaqaphela ukuthi ukuhweba ngezingane ngenjongo yobulili okuchumayo kwamaningi alamazwe kuyingxenye yembangela, kodwa i-Asiaweek ithi ezinye izazi zezombangazwe zasemazweni “ancike kakhulu emalini engeniswa yizivakashi . . . ziyanqikaza ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala” ngokumelene nalokhu.
Ukungezwani Komzimba Nezinto Ezithile EJalimane
Ukuhlola okunyatheliswe yi-German Federal Association of Company Health Insurance Schemes kubonise ukuthi umJalimane oyedwa kwabane abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-14 ubudala kunento umzimba wakhe ongezwani nayo. Inkinga evame kakhulu kulokhu imfiva ethimulisayo, ekhathaza abantu abangaba yizigidi eziyisithupha kulelozwe. I-Süddeutsche Zeitung ibika ukuthi abangaba izigidi ezingu-2,3 bakhathazwa ukushisa kwelanga, kanti abangaphezu kwezigidi ezimbili abezwani noboya bezilwane. Abangaphezu kwamaphesenti angu-40 kulabo okunezinto imizimba yabo engezwani nazo baphuza imithi yokukudambisa, futhi abangamaphesenti ayishumi bathi lezi zimpawu zikuphazamisa kakhulu ukuphila kwabo kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kuhlola kwabonisa nokuthi abantu ‘abenza imisebenzi ethile yezandla neyobuchwepheshe, njengababhaki, ababazi, abahlengikazi nodokotela basengozini enkulu yokuba nalenkinga.’
Geza Izandla Zakho!
Iphephandaba lase-Italy i-Corriere della Sera lithi: “Ukugeza izandla zakho kuyindlela engcono kakhulu, elula neyonga imali kunazo zonke yokuvimbela ukusakazeka kwezifo eziningi.” Nokho, “amaNtaliyane angaphezu kwamathathu kwayishumi awazigezi izandla zawo lapho ephuma endlini yangasese, ngisho noma ezodla ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho.” Imiphumela yalokhu kuhlola cishe iyefana naleyo eyatholwa kwamanye amazwe. Isazi samagciwane u-Enrico Magliano siyachaza: “Izandla zingafaka amagciwane ekudleni futhi zisakaze izifo ezihlukahlukene.” Ukusakazeka kwalezi zifo kunganqandwa kanjani? Geza izandla zakho—nangaphansi kwezinzipho—ngensipho nangamanzi ashisayo noma asivivi okungenani imizuzwana engu-30 (okuyisikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ubulale amagciwane). Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokuzihlikihla imizuzwana eyishumi kuya kwengu-15. Lesi sihloko sithi kufanele uzihlambulule futhi uzisulisise, uqale engalweni uye ezinzisheni.
Ukuxhashazwa Kwabantwana Nesimiso Somzimba Sokuzivikela Ezifweni
Ngokwabacwaningi eMie University eJapane, uma umntwana exhashazwa isikhathi eside, isimiso somzimba wakhe sokuzivikela ezifweni siba buthaka, okwenza lowo mntwana achayeke ezifweni. Leyunivesithi yahlola izidumbu zabantwana abangu-50 abanobudala obusukela enyangeni eyodwa kuya eminyakeni engu-9 ababulawa ukopha ebuchosheni noma ezinye izifo ezibangelwa ukuxhashazwa ngokomzimba. I-Mainichi Daily News ibika ukuthi izindlala zalaba bantwana i-thymus, “ezilawula ukusebenza kwesimiso sokuzivikela ezifweni, zazinciphe zaba ingxenye yesisindo esivamile.” Lapho ukuxhashazwa kuqhubeka isikhathi eside, lezi zindlala zincipha nakakhulu. Eqinisweni, leli phephandaba lithi “indlala yomntwana oye waxhashazwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha inesisindo esiyingxenye ye-16 kuneyomntwana ongazange axhashazwe.” Abacwaningi baye bathola ukuncipha okufanayo kwezindlala kubantwana abaye baxhashazwa ngokwengqondo noma abangondlekile ngenxa yokwehluleka kwabazali ukubatholela ukudla.
Ukuhlobana KweChina NeMesopotamiya
Sekuyisikhathi eside kucatshangwa ukuthi impucuko yasendulo yaseChina yasungulwa eSigodini saseHwang He eChina, ingenathonya langaphandle. Ngemva kokutholakala kwemivubukulo muva nje, lenkolelo-mbono isiyangatshazwa. Umagazini waseFrance i-Courrier International ubika ukuthi enxiweni elithile eduze naseCh’eng-tu, esiFundazweni saseSzechwan eChina, iqembu labavubukuli liye lathola izinsalela zalokho okubonakala kuyithempeli lasendulo elalibiyelwe ngothango. Laba bavubukuli babika ukuthi leli thempeli nokwakheka kwalo kufana nsé nemibhoshongo yamathempeli aseMesopotamiya yasendulo. UProfesa Ichiro Kominami wase-University of Kyoto, wathi “kungenzeka ukuthi [iSzechwan] yayiyisizinda sempucuko eyingqayizivele yaseChina yasendulo eyayihlobene eduze nempucuko yase-Indus neyaseMesopotamiya.”
Abantu Ababulawa Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B
I-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi unyaka ngamunye abantu abangaphezu kwesigidi babulawa ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo B. Udokotela wezifo zabantwana uJagdish Chinnappa uthi abangaba ngu-150 000 kulaba bantu abafayo bangabaseNdiya. I-Times of India ibika ukuthi emhlanganweni owahlelwa yinkampani yamazwe ngamazwe yezokuthakwa kwemithi, lodokotela wachaza ukuthi eNdiya “kunabantu abayizigidi ezingu-35 kuya kwezingu-40 abane-HBV [hepatitis-B virus (igciwane lesifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo B)], okungamaphesenti ayishumi engqikithini yomhlaba wonke.” Leli phephandaba linezela ukuthi “umuntu oyedwa kwababili abanesifo sesibindi esingamahlalakhona nabangu-8 kwabayishumi abanomdlavuza wesibindi bawuthola ngegciwane lesifo Sokusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo B.”
Ukungcoliswa Komoya Endlini
Ukuhlola kwamuva nje kwe-Tata Energy Research Institute (TERI) eNew Delhi, eNdiya, kubonisa ukuthi unyaka ngamunye kufa amaNdiya ayizigidi ezingu-2,2 ngenxa yezifo ezihlobene nokungcola komoya. I-Indian Express ibika ukuthi ngokwalokhu kuhlola, ukungcoliswa komoya endlini kuyimbangela eyinhloko. Abesifazane abahlala emijondolo abapheka ngamalahle, izinkuni nangamalongwe basengozini enkulu kakhulu. Nakuba kuthathwa izinyathelo zokulawula ukungcoliswa komoya ngaphandle, ochwepheshe babenomuzwa wokuthi kuncane okwenziwayo ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi izigidi ezibhekene nayo emakhaya azo. “Kunenhlekelele eyisinyenyela eqhubekayo okubonakala ingenalo ikhambi elisheshayo,” kusho umqondisi we-TERI, uR. K. Pachauri.
Izimpi Zamanzi
Kwenziwa izibikezelo ezisongelayo ngekusasa lemithombo yamanzi emhlabeni kuyi-World Forum on Water yokuqala, eyaqhutshelwa eMarrakech, eMorocco, phakathi no-March 1997. Ukungcola, isomiso nokwanda kwenani labantu kuyikhinyabeza ngokuqhubekayo imithombo yamanzi. Njengoba kubika iphephandaba laseFrance i-Monde, “indingeko yamanzi yanda ngokuphindwe kabili kunenani labantu emhlabeni.” Ngokwe-World Meteorological Organization, ngonyaka ka-2025, izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zabantu emhlabeni ziyobe zihlala ezindaweni ezinemithombo yamanzi engazanelisi izidingo. Uma lingatholakali ikhambi elifanele, ezinye iziphathimandla zesaba ukuthi amanzi ayoba imbangela yezimpi ekhulwini leminyaka lama-21. I-Monde ithi kakade “i-UN isikhombe izindawo ezingaba ngu-300 okungase kugqashuke kuzo izimpi.”
Ubugebengu Obunobudlova EVenezuela
Iphephandaba i-Universal lithi njengoba kunabantu abangu-20 000 000 eVenezuela, kubulawa abantu abangaba ngu-400 ngenyanga. Ukuhlola okwenziwa inkampani ethile kubonisa ukuthi izimbangela eziyinhloko zokwanda kobugebengu azizona ezingokwezimali, kodwa kunalokho, zingezenhlalo. Ngaphansi kwesihloko esithi “Ubumpofu Abuyona Imbangela Eyinhloko Yobuhlongandlebe,” leli phephandaba lathi ngokwalombiko, ubudlova baseVenezuela bubangelwa ukuntuleka kwezindinganiso zobuntu nokuqeqesha kwabazali ekhaya. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe lesi simo, ochwepheshe batusa ukuba abazali bafundiswe ukuthwala imithwalo yemfanelo futhi abantu bakhuthazwe ukuba bawukhathalele umkhaya.
Ukuthuthukisa Indlela Yokuphila Enempilo
Embikweni wayo i-World Health Report 1997, i-World Health Organization (WHO) ixwayisa ngokuthi isintu sibhekene “nenhlekelele yokuhlupheka” ekhulayo. Unyaka ngamunye, umdlavuza nesifo senhliziyo, kanye nezinkinga zempilo ezingamahlalakhona, kubulala abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-24 futhi kusongela abanye abangamakhulu ezigidi. Phakathi neminyaka engu-25 ezayo, kulindeleke ukuba inani labantu abanomdlavuza emazweni amaningi liphindeke kabili. Isifo senhliziyo nesifo sokufa uhlangothi, okuyizifo ezibulala kakhulu emazweni acebile, kuyovama kakhulu emazweni ampofu. Isabela kulesi simo esisongelayo, i-WHO inxusa ukuba kube nomkhankaso womhlaba wonke “owandisiwe noqhubekayo” wokuthuthukisa izindlela zokuphila ezinempilo futhi kuncishiswe izici eziyingozi—ukudla okungenamsoco, ukubhema, ukukhuluphala nokungawuvivinyi umzimba—ngokuvamile okubangela izifo ezibulalayo.