Ukubuka Okwezwe

Ugwayi Nemisebenzi

“Ukuncishiswa kwemali esetshenziswa emikhiqizweni kagwayi kuyokwandisa imisebenzi” ezindaweni ezithile zase-United States, kusho umbiko othile kuyi-Journal of the American Medical Association. Kwasetshenziswa izilinganiso ze-computer ukuze kuboniswe indlela imali eyayisetshenziswe kugwayi esikhathini esingaphambili engase isetshenziswe ngayo kwezinye izinto, bese kuphumela ekwandeni kwemisebenzi ezweni lonke. Lombiko futhi uthi izindawo ezitshala ugwayi ngeke zilahlekelwe imisebenzi elingana naleyo ecatshangelwa imboni kagwayi. “Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ngogwayi kufanele kube ubukhulu begalelo lawo elibi empilweni futhi hhayi ithonya lawo emisebenzini,” kusho lombiko. Ngokwe-Los Angeles Times, i-American Medical Association yanxusa nalabo abalondoloza imali ezimakethe zamasheya ukuba badayise amasheya abo asezinkampanini zikagwayi ezingu-13. UScott Ballin, we-American Heart Association, wathi: “Akufanele sisekele izinkampani eziqhubeka zithengisa izifo nokufa kulelizwe naphesheya kwezilwandle.”

Izakhiwo Ezinde Kunazo Zonke Emhlabeni

Okokuqala ngqá eminyakeni engaphezu kwekhulu, isakhiwo eside kunazo zonke asikho e-United States. I-Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe enqumayo ukuthi izakhiwo zinde kangakanani, iye yanquma ukuthi izakhiwo ezinde kunazo zonke kwakuyiPetronas Twin Towers eKuala Lumpur, eMalaysia. Isakhiwo esasiside kunazo zonke ngaphambili, iSears Tower eChicago, sisengeside kunazo zonke uma kuhlanganiswa nemibhoshongo yaso yethelevishini. Nokho, lomkhandlu wanquma ukuthi leyo mibhoshongo ayiyona ingxenye yomklamo wesakhiwo. Ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinde emazweni ahlukahlukene e-Asia kubhekwa abasekeli bakho njengophawu lokusimama okumangalisayo kwezomnotho kuleyo ndawo. Empeleni, iPetronas Twin Towers ekugcineni izolahlekelwa isiqu sayo esiphakeme sithathwe i-World Financial Center, okuhlelwe ukuba iqedwe ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka eShanghai, eChina.

Ukusindisa Izinyoni Zasolwandle?

Lapho kuchitheka uwoyela omningi olwandle oluseduze nezwe, kungaba nomphumela oyinhlekelele ezilwaneni zasendle. Ngezinye izikhathi izinhlangano—eziningi zazo ezinezisebenzi zokuzithandela—ziyaphuthuma zenze ezingakwenza. Enye yezinto zokuqala ezibalulekile ukuhlanza izinyoni zasolwandle ezimbozwe uwoyela. Kodwa kuphumelela futhi kuqhubeke isikhathi eside kangakanani lokhu? Ukucwaninga kwanamuhla kubonisa ukuthi ezinkulungwaneni eziningi ezihlanziwe futhi zabuyiselwa endaweni yazo, iningi lifa phakathi nezinsuku eziyishumi. Ngani? Ngaphandle kokuthi zithuswa ukubanjwa abantu, lezi zinyoni zisuke sezigwinye uwoyela othile lapho zizama ukucwala izimpaphe ngomlomo, futhi lokhu kugcina kuzibulele. Ukuze kulwisanwe nalokhu, izinyoni ezibanjwa eBrithani ziphiwa inhlanganisela yobumba olumhlophe, amalahle, noshukela ngenjongo yokuzama ukuzikhipha ubuthi. Noma kunjalo, zimbalwa kakhulu izinyoni eziphila isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba zizale, futhi lokhu kuhlanza kufanele kubhekwe njengokuthile “okwenzelwa ukubukeka kwangaphandle,” kuphetha esinye isazi sesayensi yezinto eziphilayo nendawo ezungezile esasicashunwe i-Sunday Times yaseLondon.

Ukusha Kwesibindi Kohlobo C Negazi

Umbiko we-French National Network of Public Health (Umnyango Wezempilo Yomphakathi Wezwe LaseFrance) uphetha ngokuthi “abantu abaphakathi kuka-500-000 no-600 000 eFrance baye bangenwa igciwane lokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C.” Ngokwephephandaba laseParis i-Monde, igciwane lokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C emaphesentini angu-60 angenwe yilo libangelwa ukumpontshelwa kwegazi noma ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezijovwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu baye balithola lapho belashwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi angazange abulawe amagciwane ngendlela efanele. Ukusha kwesibindi kohlobo C kungaholela ekuqineni kwesibindi noma ekubeni nomdlavuza wesibindi.

Lapho Uyeka Ukubhema

Phakathi nemizuzu engu-20 ngemva kokuba umuntu eyeke ukubhema, umzimba uqala ukusimama. I-Reader’s Digest inyathelise loluhlu olulandelayo loshintsho oluyinzuzo olwenzeka ngezikhathi eziphawuliwe ngemva kokuba umuntu obhemayo eyekile ukubhema. Emizuzwini engu-20: Umfutho wegazi nezinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo kwehlela ezingeni elivamile; izinga lokushisa kwezandla nezinyawo likhuphukela ezingeni elivamile. Emahoreni angu-8: Izinga le-carbon monoxide egazini lehlela kwelivamile; izinga lomoya-mpilo egazini likhuphukela kwelivamile. Emahoreni angu-24: Ingozi yokumelwa inhliziyo iyehla. Emahoreni angu-48: Izinzwa eziphelile ziqala ukuhluma; amandla okunambitha nokuhogela ayathuthuka; ukuhamba kuba lula kakhudlwana. Emasontweni amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezintathu: Umjikelezo wegazi uyathuthuka; ukusebenza kwamaphaphu kukhula kufinyelele kumaphesenti angu-30. Enyangeni eyodwa kuya kwezingu-9: Ukukhwehlela, ukucinana komgudu wamankanka, ukukhathala, nephika kuyancipha; uboyana obusemaphashini buyahluma futhi. Onyakeni owodwa: Ingozi yokuba nesifo semithambo yenhliziyo iba ingxenye kuneyalowo obhemayo.

Ubulili Nobudlova Emtatsheni Wezincwadi

Ngokwe-Advocate yaseStamford, eConnecticut eminye imitapo yezincwadi eConnecticut, e-U.S.A., ivumela izingane ukuba zibheke amafilimu abonisa ubuhlobo bobulili nobudlova obuyingcaca. Ngezinye izikhathi, izingane zisebenzisa ngokukhululekile ama-computer asemtatsheni wezincwadi axhunywe kuyi-Internet. Lokhu kuphakamisa imibuzo eyengeziwe ngokuphathelene nohlobo lwezinto ezitholakalela intsha. Abazali abaningi bazwakalisa ukushaqeka, kodwa izikhulu zasemtatsheni wezincwadi zathi abazali kuphela abanelungelo nomthwalo wemfanelo wokulawula lokho izingane zabo ezikuthatha emtatsheni wezincwadi. “Isimo esinzima,” kusho isisebenzi sasemtatsheni wezincwadi uRenee Pease, siphawula ukuthi “izincwadi eziningi zezindaba eziqanjiwe zingase zingazifaneli izingane.”

Ukucwiywa Kwabesifazane

Owesifazane osemusha wase-Afrika owakhoseliswa e-United States uye wadonsela ukunakekela okuvuselelwe ekucwiyweni kwezitho zobulili zabesifazane, kubika i-New York Times. Lona wesifazane wathi wayebalekela ukucwiywa okwakuyindlela yokumphoqelela ukuba ashade. Emazweni amaningi ase-Afrika, izingxenye zezitho zobulili zabesifazane ziyasikwa, lapho besebancane noma njengophawu lokungeniswa ebufazini. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenziwa ngaphandle kokubulala izinzwa noma izinyathelo zezenhlanzeko. Ngaphandle kwemiphumela emibi engokomzwelo, kungaphumela ekungenweni izifo, ukungcola, ukopha, ukuba inyumba, nokufa. (Bheka umagazini i-Phaphama! ka-April 8, 1993, amakhasi 20-4.) Ngokwaleli phephandaba, kulinganiselwa ukuthi abesifazane abayizigidi ezingu-80 kuya kwezingu-115 baye babhekana nalomkhuba. Kuye kwathathwa isinyathelo sokuwenqabela ngokomthetho e-United States.

Ukuthungatha Umkhondo Wezinyosi

Izinti zamaza ze-radar ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ezinobude obungamamilimitha angu-16 kuphela, ziye zananyathiselwa emhlane wezinyosi ezithile zaseBrithani. Lezi zinti zamaza zingokuthile okwenza ukuba kuthungatheke umkhondo walezi zinyosi. Kwethenjwa ukuthi lokhu kuhlola kuyoholela ezintini zamaza ezincane nangokwengeziwe, ekugcineni eziyonanyathiselwa ezimpukuvaneni zase-Afrika ukuze kulawulwe izindlela zokundiza zalezi zilokazane. Lokhu kungathuthukisa ukulawulwa kwesifo sokulala esidluliselwa ilezi zimpukane. Lezi zinti zamaza aziwadingi amabhethri ukuze zisebenze, njengoba zikwazi ukuthola wonke amandla eziwadingayo ezimpawini zamaza ezifika lapho kuthungathwa umkhondo. Ngaphezu kwalezi zinzuzo, ososayensi banethemba lokuthi bazokwazi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo lwemikhuba yezinyosi ukuze bathole izidleke zezinyosi ngokuphumelela kakhudlwana.

I-TV Ihlobene Nesithuthwane

Ukungena kwe-TV exhunywe esiphuphuthekini eNdiya, engabukwa amahora angu-24 ngosuku, kuholela ezinkingeni ezengeziwe zesimiso sezinzwa ezinganeni. Lokhu kwashiwo izazi zezinzwa eziphambili engqungqutheleni ka-1996 ye-All India Neurology Update. Umphathi womnyango wesayensi yezinzwa we-Amritsar Medical College, uDkt. Ashok Uppal, wathi: “Manje izingane zigqolozela ithelevishini amahora engeziwe, okuphumela ekwandeni kwalokho izazi zezinzwa ezikubiza ngokuthi ‘isithuthwane sezinzwa esivuswa imifanekiso noma isithuthwane esibangelwa ithelevishini.’” UDkt. Uppal waluleka abazali ukuba balinganisele ukubuka kwezingane zabo ithelevishini noma bazinike amakhefu ngezikhawu ezivamile phakathi nezikhathi ezinde zokuyibuka.

Umbulali Utholakele

Nakuba bembalwa abesifazane baseMexico ababhema ugwayi, abaningi abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-40 bahlushwa izifo zamaphaphu ngokuvamile ezihlobene nokubhema, kubika incwajana i-Health InterAmerica. Iyini imbangela? “Ukupheka ngezitofu zezinkuni,” kusho abacwaningi muva nje. NgokukaPeter Paré, uprofesa wezokwelapha, lenkinga ayizange inakwe ngenxa yokuthi “intuthu yezinkuni ngokuvamile ayibhekwa njengengozi enkulu empilweni. Kuvame ukutholakala ukuthi ukufa kubangelwe ukuma kwenhliziyo, kuyilapho imbangela yangempela yenkinga iwukuchayeka entuthwini yezinkuni ngokweqile.” I-World Health Organization ilinganisela ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-400 emhlabeni wonke basengozini, ikakhulukazi abesifazane basemaphandleni abasebenzisa izitofu zezinkuni ezakhiweni ezincane ezingenazo izimbotshana ezanele zokungenisa umoya. Ukwakha oshimula kuyosiza, kodwa ngokukaDkt. Paré, “inselele enkulu kunazo zonke ukwenza abantu bashintshe indlela abaye baphila ngayo amakhulu eminyaka.”