Ukubuka Okwezwe
Inkantolo Ephakeme Isekela Omunye WoFakazi BakaJehova
Eminyakeni emine edlule omunye woFakazi BakaJehova eFlorida, e-U.S.A., wopha kakhulu ngesikhathi ebeletha umntwana ngokuhlinzwa. Odokotela bakhe baba nomuzwa wokuthi kwakudingeka bampompele igazi ukuze basindise ukuphila kwakhe. Isiguli sakwenqaba ukusetshenziswa kwegazi ngesisekelo sezindinganiso nezinkolelo zaso. Ecaleni elaqulwa ngokuphuthumayo, enye inkantolo yamacala yakuleyondawo yanquma ukuthi isiguli sasingampontshelwa noma singathandi uma odokotela abaselaphayo bebona kudingekile. Impikiswano eyinhloko yayiwukuthi uma kwenzeka isiguli sifa, abantwana baso babezolahlekelwa ukunakekela nokubavikela kwaso. Lesinqumo sasekelwa iNkantolo Yesifunda Yokudlulisela Amacala YaseFlorida. Ekugcineni, lelicala lafinyelela eNkantolo Ephakeme yaseFlorida. Leyonkantolo yamsekela loFakazi, izibekela eceleni izinqumo ezazikhishwe izinkantolo ezimbili ngaphambili, nakuba kwase kwephuzile ukuvimbela ukumpontshelwa okungafunwa. Inkantolo ephakeme yaseFlorida yathi ubuzali “bona ngokwabo, abumvimbeli umuntu ukuba aphile ngokuvumelana nezinkolelo zakhe.” Ngaleyondlela, lenkantolo yalisekela ngokunamandla ilungelo lesiguli lokuzinqumela ngomzimba waso nenkululeko engokwenkolo.
Ulimi Olwandayo
Bangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-330 abantu abakhuluma iSipanishi namuhla. Ngonyaka ka-2000, inani labakhuluma iSipanishi e-United States iyodwa liyofinyelela isilinganiso sezigidi ezingu-35. Ngalowonyaka iSipanishi siyosidlula isiNgisi futhi sibe ulimi oluzidlula zonke ngokukhulunywa emazweni aseNtshonalanga. Usho kanjalo umagazini weSipanishi i-Cambio16 América. I-Instituto Cervantes, okuyinhlangano esabalalisa ulimi lweSipanishi, yabika ukwanda ngamaphesenti angu-70 enani labantu abafunda iSipanishi e-United States phakathi kuka-1986 no-1990, nokwanda ngamaphesenti angu-80 eJapane. Kungani kunesithakazelo esingaka kulolulimi? Umqondisi we-Instituto Cervantes uthi abantu bayaqaphela ukuthi iSipanishi siya sibaluleka ngokwengeziwe emazweni aseNtshonalanga. ISipanishi sinokunye ukubaluleka okwengeziwe: Sikhulunywa emazweni amaningi ahlukahlukene.
Abathandi Bakapelepele Obabayo
Baya ngokwanda abantu abadla upelepele obabayo. Abaningi abangawuthandi bakholelwa ukuthi upelepele obabayo umane ukuqede ukunambitheka okungokwemvelo kokudla. Kodwa abathandi bakapelepele obabayo bathi akunjalo. Ngokukamagazini i-Reader’s Digest, enye incwadi yamuva ekhuluma ngopelepele iyachaza ukuthi upelepele obabayo unekhemikhali elingenaphunga elihlangana nezinzwa zokunambitha ezisemlonyeni bese lizenza zizwele ekunambithekeni kokudla. Abanye bathi upelepele obabayo uyilungele futhi impilo yakho. Upelepele oluhlaza uqukethe u-vitamin C odlula owewolintshi. Upelepele obaba ukubedlula bonke owaziwayo i-habanero waseYucatán, eMexico. Kuthiwa uma udla i-habanero uzwa sengathi ikhanda lakho selihlukene nomzimba. Kodwa abanye bayithanda injalo.
Izingane Ezihlanganyela Ebulilini
Okunye ukuhlola kwamuva okwenziwa phakathi kwabafundi abasemakilasini okuqala eConnecticut, e-U.S.A. kwembula ukuthi amaphesenti angu-28 abafundi bebanga lesine bayahlanganyela ebulilini. Lesilinganiso senyukela kumaphesenti angu-49 kubafundi bebanga lesithupha, nakumaphesenti angaphezu kuka-60 kwabebanga lesishiyagalombili. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi inani eliphawulekayo lezingane ezincane kunalokho liyahlanganyela ebulilini. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhulelwa emantombazaneni evé eshumini nambili nokubhebhetheka kwengculaza, uDokotela Omkhulu wase-U.S. utusa ukuba “izikole zikhiphe ama-condom” ziwanike abafundi, ngokukamagazini i-USA Weekend. Imikhandllu yezikole engu-50 iye yakulandela lokhu kutusa. Omunye umkhandlu wesikole eNew Haven, eConnecticut, unikeza nabantwana abaneminyaka eyishumi ama-condom. Labo abangavumelani naloluhlelo baphikisa ngokuthi ukunikwa kwezingane ama-condom kuzikhuthaza ukuba zihlanganyele ebulilini.
Intsha Enezinkinga Zophuzo
Kokunye ukuhlolwa kwabafundi abangu-14 000 basesikoleni esiphakeme eJapane, amaphesenti angu-17,3 ayethathwa njenganezinkinga zophuzo, kubika i-Asahi Evening News. Isilinganiso sasiphakeme phakathi kwabafana, njengoba amaphesenti angu-24,8 ayenemikhuba yophuzo ebangela izinkinga ezingokwengqondo, ezingokomzimba, nezingokwenhlalo. Inani elingaphezu kwengxenye lalentsha enezinkinga zophuzo lathi liphuza ngoba lithanda ukunambitheka kotshwala. Oyedwa kwabane wathi uphuza ngoba edabukile noma enesizungu. “Sesifikile isikhathi sokuba labo abasebenzelana nalabafundi baqale ukuyinakisisa lenkinga,” kusho uDkt. Kenji Suzuki, owayenza lokhu kuhlola. “Abafundi kumelwe bafundiswe ngokufanelekile esikoleni nasekhaya,” enezela. EJapane umthetho uyakwenqabela ukuphuza kwabaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-20.
Izikhungo Zokuqeqesha Izigebengu
Labo abacabanga ukuthi iningi leziboshwa liqala “liyizigebengu eziyingozi kakhulu” bayazikhohlisa, kusho ummeli waseBrazil uNoely Manfredini D’Almeida. Kunalokho, uthi eBrazil “isiboshwa esivamile sisuke singumuntu ompofu kakhulu nosemncane kakhulu ongenela ubugebengu ngenxa yokungabi nalo ithuba lokuziqalela okwakhe ukuphila.” Lezizaphula-mthetho ezisezintsha zihlaliswa ejele nezigelekeqe ezingomakad’ ebona. Ngokukamagazini i-Veja, lamajele empeleni “angamathuluzi akhiqiza izigelekeqe. Iziboshwa ezinamacala amancane ziphenduka izigebengu ezingochwepheshe.”
Izisulu Zokunqoba
Muva nje iColombia igubhé ukunqoba kweqembu layo lebhola likanobhutshuzwayo njengoba liphumelele ukungenela umdlalo we-World Cup ka-1994. Ngemva nje kwalomdlalo iqembu laseColombia elahlula kuwo iqembu lase-Argentina ‘ngamagoli amahlanu eqandeni,’ abantu baseColombia bagcwala imigwaqo behalalisa. Ngokushesha injabulo yaphenduka inhlekelele. Ngokusho komunye umbiko, kwafa abantu abangaphezu kuka-70 emicimbini yasemgwaqweni. Futhi, kwalimala abantu abacishe babe ngu-900 ngenxa yezingozi zezimoto, ukudakwa, noma ukulwa. Nokho, esinye isikhulu sathi nakuba isilinganiso sezisulu sisikhulu, lokhu “kuyinto ejwayeleke kakhulu ezimweni ezinjengalesi.”
Ukungakhathalelwa Kwempilo
“Abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kuzo zonke izisebenzi zasemahhovisi eJalimane ababonisi sithakazelo empilweni yabo,” kubika i-Süddeutsche Zeitung. Lesi isiphetho esafinyelelwa uClaudia Pohle waseRuhr University eBochum ngemva kokubuza izisebenzi zasemahhovisi ezingu-343 ukuthi zenzani ngenhlala-kahle yazo engokomzimba, engokomzwelo, nengokwenhlalo. Amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-36 alabo abahlanganyela babonisa isithakazelo esincane ngempilo yabo; zingamaphesenti angaphansi kuka-20 ezabonakala zinentshiseko, kodwa zabonisa isithakazelo sesikhashana ekuthandweni kwamuva kokuzivivinya. Zingaba amaphesenti angu-20 kuphela ezazikuqaphela okwakumelwe zikwenze ukuze zihlale ziphilile, futhi ziziphatha ngaleyondlela.
Inkinga Yokukhuluphala Ngokweqile
“IMelika iyizwe elinabantu abakhuluphele abaningi ukuwedlula wonke emhlabeni,” kusho uDkt. Robert Kushner, umqondisi we-Nutrition and Weight Control Clinic yase-University of Chicago. “Inani lamaMelika akhuluphele ngokweqile aneminyaka eyevile ku-17 leqa laya kumaphesenti angu-28 enani labantu ngo-1990 lisuka kumaphesenti angu-24 ngo-1985,” kubika i-Toronto Star. Iyini imbangela? Ukucwaninga okusha kusikisela ukuthi ukudla ngokweqile, ukungawuvivinyi umzimba, nezici zofuzo kuyizizathu eziyinhloko. “Abantu baba nesisindo esengeziwe, futhi lokhu kuyindaba okumelwe icatshangelwe ngempela,” kusho uCharlotte Schoenborn we-National Centre for Health Statistics. Ukukhuluphala ngokweqile kungabangela umfutho ophakeme wegazi, isifo sikashukela, nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezingathi sína. Ukuthola ikhambi akulula. Odokotela basikisela ukushintsha indlela yokuphila. “Idla kancane uvivinye umzimba kakhudlwana. Lapho isisindo sesehlile, ukuphela kwento esiza ukuba usigcine sinjalo ukunyakazisa umzimba,” kunezela i-Star.
Izingane Ezihlukunyezwayo
“Ubudlova ezinganeni bufinyelela amazinga ethusayo,” kubika iphephandaba laseBrazil i-Estado de S. Paulo. Uma kuziwa ekuhlukunyezweni okungahlobene nobulili, amaphesenti abafana abahlukunyezwayo acishe alingane nawezisulu ezingamantombazane. Kodwa lokhu akunjalo uma kuziwa ekuhlukunyezweni ngokobulili. Phakathi kwezisulu ezisezincane zobudlova obungokobulili, amaphesenti acishe abengu-23 ngawabesilisa kanti amaphesenti angu-77 ngawabesifazane. Ngisho nezingane ezincane azisindi ebudloveni basekhaya. Ngokusho kukaMiriam Mesquita, onguprofesa e-University of São Paulo, “amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-30 ezisulu zababulewe abangaphansi kweminyaka eyishumi ubudala abulawa amalungu omkhaya.” Amaphesenti acishe abe ngu-29 ezingane ezabulawa uyise, umalume, umfowabo, noma usingayise zazidlwenguliwe ngaphambi kokufa. I-Estado de S. Paulo ibika ukuthi eBrazil cishe amaphesenti angu-90 azo zonke izenzakalo zobudlova obenziwa ezinganeni awabikwa.
Ubugebengu Obuhleliwe
“Ubugebengu obuhleliwe sebuye bandisa ithonya labo ngendlela ethusa kangangokuba sekukhona uchungechunge lwezinhlangano zezigebengu emhlabeni wonke,” kusho uGianni De Gennaro, umqondisi wokuvinjelwa kokusebenza kweMafia kuhulumeni wase-Italy. Ukwanda kwamaqembu ezigebengu ezinjengeMafia yase-Italy, ama-triad aseChina, amaqembu agibela izithuthuthu aseNyakatho Melika, nesigaba sezigebengu sasemazweni ayengawobuKhomanisi kuyindaba ebangela ukukhathazeka kwangempela emphakathini. Izinzuzo ezingekho emthethweni zivumela lezizigebengu ukuba zikwazi ukuthola ubuchwepheshe nezimpahla eziphambili, okwenza kube nzima ngezinhlangano eziqikelela ukugcinwa komthetho ukuba zibhekane nalesimo.