Ukusizwa Kwalabo Abanezidingo Ezikhethekile

ABANTU abangenakho ukukhubazeka kwezinzwa ngokuvamile ababacabangeli labo abanakho, ngaphandle kokuba bengamalungu omkhaya wabo siqu. Kanti, lendaba idinga ukunakekelwa. EBrithani kunendabampikiswano ngendlela labo abanezinzwa ezikhubazekile abangahlanganiswa ngayo nomphakathi.

UJack Ashley, iLungu lePhalamende laseBrithani oyisithulu, ukhomba isidingo sokuqonda. “Abantu abaningi abazazi izinkinga zabantu abayizithulu,” uyachaza. “Ngaphezu kwakho konke, [izithulu] zidinga ukuqondwa ngabantu abezwayo, ukuqaphela ukungathi sína kokukhubazeka kwabo, nokuhlonipha izimfanelo zabo ezingakhubazekile, ngaphandle kwendlela abanye abazibheka ngayo.”—Omalukeke sizenzele.

Ngenxa nje yokuthi abantu bayizithulu akusho ukuthi ingqondo yabo ikhubazekile nganoma iyiphi indlela. Nokho, omunye owesifazane osemusha ehlakaniphile oyisithulu uthi abanye abantu babonakala bembheka njengomuntu okhubazeke ngokwengqondo. Lapho yena nomyeni wakhe benengxoxo nomthengisi womshuwalense, wabuza ukuthi kungani babemgqolozele kangaka. Lapho ezwa ukuthi bobabili babengezwa futhi bezama ukufunda izindebe, waqonda ngaphandle kwenkinga.

Ngokufanayo, akukhona okungavamile ngabanye ukuba bazizwe bengakhululekile kahle nakuba benabantu abayizimpumputhe. Ngakho nakuba abaningi bengase bafune ukusiza lapho impumputhe ilindele ukuwela umgwaqo, akubona bonke abamayo futhi benze kanjalo. Ngani? Ngokuvamile ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ngendlela impumputhe ezosabela ngayo lapho inikezwa usizo. Nokho, abayizimpumputhe, ngokuvamile bayalemukela usizo lapho belunikezwa ngendlela engokwemvelo, nenesizotha, ngisho nanjengoba nje kungase kusizwe othile ogugile noma othile ongase abonakale edinga usizo ekuthwaleni umthwalo onzima. Ngakho-ke, yeka ukuthi kuhle kanjani ukunqoba imizwa yokungakhululeki futhi unikeze usizo ngomusa!

Ukuba bekungadingeka udele inzwa eyodwa yezinzwa zakho ezinhlanu eziyinhloko, ngokusobala ubungakhetha ukudela inzwa yakho yokuhogela. Ibhekwa njengengabalulekile kangako kunezinye izinzwa. Kodwa owesifazane owalahlekelwa ikhono lokuhogela wadabuka: “Ngazizwa ngikhubazeke ngazo zonke izindlela. Ngangikuthanda ukupheka kodwa kwakungenakwenzeka. Ngangikuqhola kakhulu noma ngikuqhole kancane ukudla ngezinongo.”

Ngakho ngisho lokulahlekelwa inzwa ebonakala ingabalulekile kakhulu kungaba buhlungu kakhulu ngokwempilo. UEllis Douek wasesibhodlela saseLondon iGuy’s Hospital, uthi: “Kumelwe uthathe [ukulahlekelwa inzwa yokuhogela] ngokungathi sína kakhulu ngokwempilo. Uquqaba lwabantu abalahlekelwa ilenzwa basosizini olukhulu futhi abanye bacindezeleka kakhulu. Bazizwa sengathi baphila ezweni elingenambala. Ukuhogela kuqukethe umzwelo ojule kakhulu kunokuba abantu becabanga.”

Izinga lokhubazeka kwenzwa lingase lihluke kakhulu kuye ngomuntu ngamunye. Omunye angase abe yisithulu ngokuphelele, angezwa ngisho nakancane, kuyilapho omunye engase athole kunzima ukuzwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, mhlawumbe lapho kunomsindo omkhulu ephazamisayo. Eqinisweni, abantu abaningi abayizithulu bayakwazi ukuzwa imisindo othile, ngisho nakuba bengayizwa inkulumo. Kungokufanayo nangokubona. Abanye abantu bayizimpumputhe ngokuphelele. Kodwa eUnited States, umuntu ubhekwa njengoyimpumputhe ngokusemthethweni uma engenakubona kusukela kumamitha ayi-6,1 (efake izibuko noma amacontact lens) lokho umuntu obona kahle akubona eqhele ngamamitha angama-61.

Usizo Oluvela Kwezesayensi

Ukuze kubhekwane namazinga ahlukahlukene okukhubazeka, ochwepheshe abanekhono banohlu olukhulu lwemishini ukuze bakale izinga lokukhathazeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ochwepheshe basebenzisa imishini ukuze bathole izinga umuntu ezwa ngalo. Khona-ke odokotela bazama ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni lokhubazeka olukhona. Ingabe lenkinga ibangelwa ukudluliswa okuyiphutha kwamaimpulse asagesi eya engqondweni? Ingabe ukukhubazeka kungalungiswa ngokuhlinzwa?

Ngokufanayo, odokotela bamehlo nodokotela abayizazi zokwakheka nokusebenza kweso bathola isilinganiso salokho iso elingakwazi ukukwenza. Imiphumela abayitholayo isiza odokotela ukuba banqume ukuthi iyini imbangela yokukhubazeka kweso nendlela engcono yokukwelapha. Cishe amaphesenti angama-95 azo zonke izimpumputhe kuthiwa abangelwa isifo, bese kuthi amanye kube ukulimala.

Lapho nje imbangela nobungako bokukhubazeka kwenzwa sekutholakele, sekungakhulunywake ngendaba yokusiza. Isayensi inikeza amakhambi athile ngemishinyana evuselela izinzwa ezikhubazekile. Kwabakhubazeke ngokungezwa, kunezinto ezisiza ukuba bezwe, eziyimishinyana esebenza ngamabhethri enamadletshana leyo ngezinye izikhathi eyenzelwa ukuba ingene ngaphakathi kwendlebe yomuntu. Lezi zisizakala ngokukwazi kancane ukuzwa umsindo emzamweni wokunikeza umuntu oyisithulu ikhono elithile lokuzwa inkulumo. Kwabakhubazeke ngokungaboni, ngokuvamile banikezwa izibuko noma amacontact lens. Ngisho nezinto ezingelutho ezinjengezingilazi ezikhulisa into eziphathwa ngesandla ziye zabonakala ziyisibusiso kwabaningi. Abanye baye basizwa ngokuba bafakelwe olunye ulwebu lwenhlamvu yeso.

Kulabo abangakwazi ukuzwa iphunga, inkinga ngezinye izikhathi kungase kutholakale ukuthi eyesifo samankanka, ukucinana, umkhuhlane omubi, izinto umzimba ongezwani nazo, nerhinitis. Okuningi kwalokhu kugula kungase kwelashwe ngemithi.

Nakuba ezokwelapha nesayensi ngokuvamile kusithuthukisa isimo sabantu abanezinzwa ezikhubazekile, kuneminye imithombo ebalulekile yosizo.

Ukuzisiza

Njengoba inqubo yabezokwelapha ingase ingaphumeleli noma ifiseleke ngaso sonke isikhathi, abantu abaningi abanezinzwa ezikhubazekile baye bafuna ukuxosha imiphumela ebuhlungu yokukhubazeka kwabo ngokuphila ukuphila kwabo ngokugcwele. Baye benza kanjalo ngokuthuthukisa amakhono neziphiwo abanazo ngokugcwele. Omunye umuntu owenza lokhu kwakunguHelen Keller, ongumbhali odumile nothisha, owayeyimpumputhe futhi eyisithulu. Kodwa kunabanye abantu abaningi abakhubazeke izinzwa abaye benza kahle kakhulu ezindimeni ezihlukahlukene.

Lapho umuntu okhubazekile enomuzwa wokuthi ubekelwe inselele yokuthuthukisa amakhono akhe, ngokuvamile umphumela uba inkululeko enkulu nokuzihlonipha, kungasaphathwa usizo lowomuntu onjalo oshukunyisiwe aba yilo kwabanye abantu. UJanice, oyisithulu futhi oyimpumputhe, uyaphawula: “Kunamandla amakhulu atholakala ekwenzeni okunye ngenxa yokuntula ikhono lokwenza okunye. Kuyamangaza ukubona indlela uJehova uNkulunkulu asenza ngendlela emangalisa ngayo yokuthi sikwazi ukwenza okunye ngenxa yokuntula ikhono lokwenza okunye.”

Ubuhlobo Obuwusizo

Abantu abaningi abayizimpumputhe noma abayizithulu baba nesizungu. Bantula abangane. Singaneliswa kanjani lesidingo esibalulekile?

Ngezinye izikhathi ezilwane zasekhaya zingasiza. Ukusebenzelana okuwusizo phakathi kwabantu nezilwane mhlawumbe kuboniswa ngendlela enkulu kakhulu yizinja ezingabaqondisi babantu abayizimpumputhe. Umqeqesh wezinja ezingabaqondisi uMichael Tucker, umbhali weThe Eyes That Lead, ukholelwa ukuthi ukuphila nenja ewumqondisi kuvulela izimpumputhe izwe elisha, kunikeza “inkululeko, ukuzimela, ukukwazi, ukuhamba nobungane.” Enye into efana nezinja zabangaboni izinja okuthiwa ‘indlebe ezwayo’ ezisetshenziswa abayizithulu.

Kanti noma kunjalo, izilwane zasekhaya ziye zasiza abanye abantu abaningi abakhubazekile. Umgqugquzeli wohlelo lokunikeza abagulayo nasebegugile izilwane zasekhaya uyaphawula: “Kumelwe nje ubone injabulo abayitholayo. Abantu abangonyube kangangokuthi abakhulumi nanoma ubani omunye umuntu bayosabela esilwaneni.” Yebo, izinzuzo zokuba nomngane oyisilwane kumelwe zikalwe ngomthwalo wemfanelo wokusinakekela.

Nakuba isibopho esiyingqayizivele singase sikhule phakathi komuntu onenzwa ekhubazekile nesilwane, uthola usizo olukhulu ngokuxoxa nabanye abantu.

Ukukhulumisana Okuhle

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqondana okungcono phakathi kwalabo abazinzwa zabo zikhubazekile nabantu abafuna ukusiza, kudingeka kube khona ukukhulumisana okuhle. Kodwa lokhu kungenziwa kanjani lapho zona kanye izinwa ngokuvamile ezisetshenziselwa lokhu kukhulumisana zikhubazekile? Yilaphoke lapho iBraille, ukukhuluma ngezandla, nokufunda izindebe kubonakala kuwusizo khona kwabaningi.

Ngo-1824 uLouis Braille, umfundi oyimpumputhe oneminyaka eyi-15 ubudala waseFrance, wasungula isimiso sokufunda esisekelwe ochungechungeni lwamachashazi awugqinsi nemidwa. Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, wakhipha isimiso samachashazi esesidume kakhulu manje, esisekelwe ezingqamuzeni zamachashazi ayisithupha, angahlelwa ngezindlela ezingama-63 bese lokho kunikeza onkamisa kanye nezimpawu zenkulumo nezinombolo. Kwabangaboni, ukufunda iBraille kuhilela isikhathi esiningi nomzamo. Kunokubheka lokhu njengenselele enkulu kakhulu, umqulu weUNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization) othi Working With Braille unikeza lesiqinisekiso: “Kumelwe kugcizelelwe ukuthi ukuqonda izinhlamvu zeBraille kusekwazini kwethu ukusebenzisa izinzwa zokuthinta.”

Ukuhlolwa kwamakhono okufunda iBraille kubonisa ukuthi labo abakwazi ukufinyelela ijubane eliphakeme nekhono elihle kakhulu lokufunda iBraille kwakuyilabo abasebenzisa unkomba wezandla zabo zombili. Bahambisa iminwe yabo ngokungacindezeli phezu kwamachashaza awugqinsi, befinyelela ejubaneni lokufunda elifi-nyelela engxenyeni yalelo lomuntu okwazi ukufunda amagama abhaliwe.

Ukuba khona okwandayo kwezincwadi ezibhalwe ngeBraille, kanye namakhasethi, kwenza abantu abangaboni bakwazi ukuthola imicebo eminingi etholakala ezincwadini. Okubaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwakho konke iBhayibheli, elitholakala kokubili ngeBraille nangamakhasethi kubakhiphi balomagazini. Sikhipha nezincwadi Ukulalela UMfundisi oMkhulu neNcwadi Yami Yezindaba ZeBhayibheli (yesiNgisi), kanye nomngane walomagazini, INqabayokulinda (yesiNgisi) ngekhasethi. Futhi kusukela ngonyaka ozayo, nePhaphama! (yesiNgisi) izotholakala ngekhasethi.

Ngokuphathelene nokukhuluma ngezandla, abacwaningi uJ. G. Kyle noB. Woll bathi ukuqonda “kuyisinyathelo sokuqala esiya ekubhidlizeni imingcele ehlukanise izithulu.” Ngawo kanye lomzila ophumelela kakhulu wokukhulumisana, izithulu zizizwa zikhululekile uma zindawonye. Kuyinto enhle lapho labo abakwazi ukuzwa nokukhuluma benza umzamo wokufunda ukukhuluma ngezandla. Ngalendlela izithulu nabantu abezwayo bahlangana ngokwengeziwe, bazuze bonke. Abantu abezwayo bafunda ulimi olusha futhi bathuthukise okuhlangenwe nakho kwabo, futhi abantu abayizithulu bakwazi ngokwengeziwe ukujwayelana nabantu abezwayo.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, abantu abaningi abazalwe beyizithulu noma abaqale ukuba yizo beseyizinsana abazibheki njengabantu abakhubazekile. Umehluko phakathi kwabo nabantu abezwayo ubhekwa njengokwehluka kolimi nokwehluka okungokwesiko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, labo ababa izithulu kamuva ekuphileni ngenxa yengozi noma isifo ngokuvamile bathinteka ngokwehluke kakhulu ngokwengqondo—umuzwa ojulile wokulahlekelwa. Kwabaningi balaba, ukukhuluma ngezandla kuyikhambi elinzima, njengoba kudinga ukufundwa kolimi olusha ngokuphelele. Abaningi bancamela ukuqeqeshwa ekufundeni izindebe nokuziqeqesha okuqhubekayo ekulondolozeni indlela yokukhuluma asebenayo kakade.

Ukuqonda indlela abantu abakhubazeke izinzwa abazizwa ngayo kanye nokukhulumisana nabo akuwususi umsuka wenkinga. Ukukhubazeka kwabo kuyasala. Ukuba bekungasuswa, khona-ke ukungalingani, ukungalungi, nezinkinga eziphatha abantu abakhubazeke izinzwa, beziyobe zingasekho. Ingabe lokho kuyoke kwenzeke?

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 5

Zisise Wena Ngokwakho

1. Ulwazi. Zama akuthola okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngokukhubazeka kwakho nokuthi ungakunqoba kanjani.

2. Ukwethembeka. Yiba ngokhululekile futhi uvume ukuthi ukhubazekile.

3. Uzwela. Thatha isinyathelo kuqala ukuba wenze abanye bakhululeke futhi uchaze indlela abangasiza ngayo kangcono kakhulu.

4. Umsebenzi. Ukuze unqobe ukucindezeleka, zihilele emsebenzini othile ongokomzimba noma ongokwengqondo.

5. Isibindi. Sebenzisa amandla akho emisebenzini okwazi ukuyenza kangcono kunokuba uzizwe ungelutho.

[Ibhokisi ekhasini 6]

Usizo Olunganikezwa Abanye

1. Zama ukubheka isimo ngendlela abantu abanokukhubazeka kwezinzwa abasibheka ngayo.

2. Bahlanganise emisebenzini yakho evamile. Musa ukubakhipha inyumbazane.

3. Banikeze izinto ezibenza bazizwe bedingeka ukuze bazenze.

4. Balalele lapho befuna ukusho indlela abazizwa ngayo.

5. Lapho ubona isidingo esikhethekile, yenza konke ongakwenza ukuze usebenze nokhubazekile ekusigcwaliseni.

[Isithombe ekhasini 7]

UJanice (ngakwesobunxele) uyimpumputhe futhi uyisithulu, kodwa noma kunjalo uyisikhonzi sesikhathi esigcwele

[Isithombe ekhasini 8]

Izilwane zasekhaya zinganikeza isilinganiso esithile sobungane