Izingozi Zempilo Ngisho Nasendaweni “Okungabhenywa Kuyo”
IJOURNAL of the American Medical Association, (JAMA), kaFebruary 10, 1989, yabika: “INational Academy of Sciences yabukeza imininingwane yokubhema okungenziwa ngokuqondile . . . , ikhuluma ngokuqondile ngendawo yezindiza.” Yatusa lokhu: “Ukunqatshelwa kokubhema kuzo zonke izindiza ezisebenza ngaphakathi zamabhizinisi ngenxa yezizathu ezine eziyinhloko: ukuze kuncishiswe ukucasuka, kuncishiswe izingozi zempilo, kuncishiswe izingozi zomlilo, futhi ukuze izinga lomoya osengosini yokulala livumelane nezindinganiso zezinye izindawo ezivaliwe.”
Ukuhlola olujulile kwaleacademy kwembula: “Ukuchayeka kuyinicotine eyakalwa phakathi nohambo ngendiza kusetshenziswa imishini yokuhlola ukuchayeka komuntu kwatholakala kuhlukahluka, ezinye izindawo okungabhenywa kuzo zinamazinga alingana nalawo asezindaweni okubhenywa kuzo. Izisebenzi ezazabelwe ukusebenza ezindaweni okungabhenywa kuzo zazingavikelekile entuthwini kagwayi.”
Ukuhlola kwabonisa ukuthi “amazinga omoya enicotine ayehlukahluka kakhulu, ezinye izindawo okungabhenywa kuzo zithola amazinga angaphezu kwalawo asezindaweni okubhenywa kuzo” futhi kwakhumbuza abafundi ukuthi “imiphumela emibi yezempilo kwabangabhemi ababhema ngokungaqondile, noma ngokungazithandeli, ihlanganisa umdlavuza wamaphaphu nezifo zemigudu yokuphefumula.”
Lona kanye leliphephabhuku leJAMA labika ngokuhlola okwathola amandla okulutha enicotine, lithi: “Abantu abafuna ukwelashwa ngenxa yokuphila ngezidakamizwa babevame ukuba nelukuluku lokubhema ugwayi nobunzima ekuyekeni ugwayi ngezinga eliphakeme ngokulingana noma ukwedlula inkinga yabo eyinhloko [utshwala, icocaine, iheroin].”
ICanada yavala ukubhenywa kukagwayi ezindizeni ezihamba amahora amabili noma ngaphansi ngo-1987. Zombili izinkampane zezindiza eziyinhloko zaseCanada zaqhubekela phambili, zivala ukubhema kuzo zonke izindiza zazo eziya eNtshonalanga Melika. EUnited States, umthetho kahulumeni uye wavala ukubhema ezindizeni ezihamba amabanga amafushane futhi “enye inkampane yezindiza yaseUS ngokuzithandela iye yavala ukubhenywa kukagwayi ezindizeni ezihamba noma yiliphi ibanga phakathi kweUnited States, ngaphandle kwezindiza eziya futhi zibuye eHawaii.” Njengoba izinkampane ezengeziwe zezindiza zithatha imithetho efanayo eyenqabela ukubhema zizosiza ekunciphiseni izingozi zokuhamba ngendiza.