Maonerwo Anoitwa Kuchembera Ari Kuchinja
UNGATI wachembera kana wava nemakore mangani? Mhinduro inenge inosiyana zvichienderana nokuti ndiani wawabvunza. Vayaruki vangafara kutaura kuti munhu wose ane makore anodarika 25 ari muchikwata ichi.
Kune rimwe divi, vaimbi vomutinhimira wakanyorovera weOpera vanozobudirira kana vachinge vagara nebasa. Nezvevaya vanoda kukwidziridzwa pabasa, mushumo waiva mupepanhau rokuAustralia rinonzi The Sun—Herald unoti: “Zviri kuitika mazuvano ndezvokuti kana usati wakwanisa kukwidziridzwa paunosvitsa makore 40, hauchazofi wakakwidziridzwa.”
Zvinofungidzirwa Nevazhinji
Vamwe vangafunga kuti vanhu vakura ndivo vanonyanya kuita tsaona, vanononoka kudzidza uye vari kukurumidza kuchembera. Zvakanaka here kuva nepfungwa dzakadaro? Maererano nokuongorora kwakaitwa neWorld Health Organization, muEurope yose, “mumwe chete pavatatu voga voga vanofa mutsaona yomumugwagwa zvinenge zvakonzerwa nevanhu vaduku vane makore ari pasi pe25.” Uyezve, kukurumidza kuchembera kunoitika pakati pemakore 30 ne40, uye hapana chinoratidza kuti kuchembera kunoita kuti pfungwa dzomunhu dziite shoma.
Zvakadini nokufungidzira kwokuti vanhu vakura vanorwara-rwara? “Vazhinji vanofunga zvisiri izvo kuti kuchembera nokurwara zvakafanana,” inodaro The Medical Journal of Australia. Chokwadi ndechokuti vanhu vakura vakawanda vane utano hwakanaka uye havazvioni sevachembera. Vamwe vane pfungwa dzakafanana nomukuru mukuru wenyika yeAmerica anonzi Bernard Baruch, uyo akati: “Ini ndinozoti ndachembera kana mukandipa mamwe makore 15 pane andinawo izvozvi.”
Saka nei vanhu vakura kakawanda vachisarurwa, uye pane dzimwe nguva, kutofungirwa zvisiri izvo? Mhinduro yacho iri pamaonerwo ari kuitwa kuchembera.
Maonerwo ari Kuitwa Kuchembera
“Vanhu vokuAmerica vanoda vanhu vaduku uye vakamonyanisa maonero anoita vanonyora mapepanhau vanhu vachembera,” akadaro Max Frankel muThe New York Times Magazine. “Vachembera havachataurwi nezvavo mune zvinobudisa nhau,” akadaro. Izvi zvingabatsira kutsanangura dambudziko remazuva ano rakataurwa neThe UNESCO Courier kuti: “Hazvina kumboitika . . . kuti nzanga itarisire vanhu vachembera zvakadai. Vanopiwa mari uye vanotarisirwa, asi nzanga inovaona nenzira isina kunaka.”
Vanoita zvokurapa havasi kusarira shure pakufungira vakura zvisiri izvo. The Medical Journal of Australia inoti: “Vanachiremba vakawanda, uye vanhuwo zvavo, vanofunga kuti kana munhu apfuura makore 65 hazvichabatsiri kumupa mishonga yokudzivirira zvirwere. . . . Pfungwa dzisina kunaka idzi . . . dzinoreva kuti vanhu vakura vari kusiyiwa kunze panoitwa ongororo dzakawanda dzinokosha.”
Magazini iyi inoti: “Pfungwa dzisina kunaka nezvevanhu vachembera, vachinzi ‘haridzofanzirofa’, dzinogona kushandiswa kuti vasarapwa zvakanaka. Zvirwere zviduku zvakawanda, zvakadai sokutadza kuona zvakanaka uye kutadza kunzwa zvakanaka zvinofuratirwa kana kungonzi ndizvo zvinoitika kana munhu ava kuchembera. . . . Kuchinja maonerwo anoitwa vachembera kunokosha kuti pave nechirongwa chokudzivirira zvirwere.”
“Zvichida nguva yasvika yokuti tiongorore patsva chinhu chatinoti kuchembera, kutangira munyika dzakasimukira,” inodaro magazini yezvoutano yokuBritain inonzi The Lancet. Nei izvi zvichikosha? Magazini yacho inotsanangura kuti: “Tsananguro itsva ingabvisa rima guru riripo uye mashoko anotaurwa nezvenguva yemberi anowanzoshandiswa kusimbisa kufungira zvisiri izvo nezvo‘kuwedzera’ kwevanhu vachembera kuti vari ‘kupedza’ mishonga mishoma yenyika.”
Vanhu Vachembera Vari Kuwanda
Chokwadi ndechokuti vanhu vachembera vatovapo vakawanda—uye vari kuwedzera zuva nezuva. “Pasi pose, nhamba yevanhu vane makore 65 zvichikwira ichava yapetwa kanokwana kana kubva muna 1955 kusvika muna 2025, uye kuwanda kwavo kana zvichienzaniswa nevanhu vose kuchava kwapetwa nekaviri,” yakashuma kudaro The UNESCO Courier.
Nhamba yevanhu vachembera muIndia yatopfuura nhamba yevanhu vose vomuFrance. Uye zvinonzi muUnited States, vanhu vanosvika mamiriyoni 76—vaya vakazvarwa mumakore 18 pashure peHondo Yenyika II—vachasiya mabasa mumakore 50 ari kutevera. Nepo zviri kuitika zvokuti vanhu vakawanda vari kuchembera zviri kunetsa vanoona nezvemari uye vashandi voutano, zviri kuchinjawo maonero agara aripo anoitwa kuchembera.
Kuchinja Pfungwa Dzagara Dziripo
Vamwe vangafananidza upenyu nomutambo une zvikamu zvitatu. Upenyu hwouhwana uye kudzidza ndizvo zvinonzi zviri mudariro rokutanga. Basa rokurera mhuri uye kushanda zvakaoma kubasa ndizvo zviri mudariro rechipiri. Mudariro rechitatu, vatambi vanokurudzirwa kubuda mudariro vogara pachigaro kure nedariro kwavasingaonekwi vomirira variko kuti mutambo upere asi shungu vainadzo.
Zvisinei, nemhaka yezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kufambira mberi kwakanaka chaizvo mune zvokurapa uye utsanana muzana remakore rechi20, nguva iyo “vatambi” vava kupedza vasiri “mudariro rechitatu” yawedzera kusvika makore 25. Vakawanda havachisiri kufara kungogarira maoko. Vakawanda vevanhu vachembera ava vachiri kuzvinzwa vava kuti pfungwa dzagara dziripo dzinofanira kuchinjwa.
Vane Basa Guru Ravanoita
Pfungwa dzine vakawanda dzokuti vanhu vachembera vakawanda havakwanisi kuzviriritira hadzisi dzechokwadi. The New York Times Magazine yakashuma kuti muUnited States, “vachembera vakawanda vanozviriritira, vanokwanisa kutenga zvavanoda uye vane midziyo yakawanda kukunda vachangobva kuroorana . . . uye [kuti] vanoona nezvemagariro evanhu vanotaura nezvokuvapo kweboka . . . revanhu vane mari asi vachembera.” Philip Kotler, purofesa wezvokutengesa paYunivhesiti yeNorthwestern muUnited States, ane zvaakataura panyaya iyi. Akati “vanotengesa vachakurumidza kuona kuti vanhu vavangada kutengesera zvinhu vane mari chaizvo ndevaya vane makore 55 zvichikwira.”
Zvinoitwa nevanhu vachembera vachiri kuzvinzwa zvakawanda chaizvo. The Sunday Telegraph yokuSydney yakati muAustralia “vanambuya ndivo vava kuita basa rakawanda rokutarisira vana pamusha, vanodarika vanamai vaviri pavatanhatu voga voga vanambuya vanotarisira vana vavo ivo vari kubasa.”
Munzvimbo dzakadai seguta rokuFrance reTroyes, ruzivo rwakawanda rwevanhu vachembera runoonekwa sechinhu chinokosha chaizvo. Ruzivo urwu ruri kushandiswa apo vanhu vachembera vanodzidzisa vana vaduku nguva yavanenge vasiri kuchikoro zvinhu zvakadai sokuveza, kugadzira magirazi, kucheka matombo, kuvaka uye kugadzira pombi dzemvura. Kuwedzera pakudzidzisa, vanhu vakura vakawanda chose vari kuendawo kuchikoro kuti vawane unyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana.
Maererano neThe UNESCO Courier yaJanuary 1999, “International Association of Universities of the Third Age iri kuParis” inoti “kune mayunivhesiti evanhu vachembera anopfuura 1 700 pasi pose.” Nezvemayunivhesiti aya, magazini yacho inoti: “Kunyange zvazvo kuvakwa kwacho uye nzira dzokutungamirira zvichisiyana zvikuru munyika nenyika, mayunivhesiti evanhu vachembera kazhinji anoda kubatsira vanhu vachembera kuti vave nezvinhu zvinokosha zvavanogona kuita munzanga uye pamagariro evanhu.” Imwe yunivhesiti yakadaro yokuJapan yakanzi ine vadzidzi 2 500!
“Zvinoitwa nevanhu vachembera kumhuri dzavo uye kunzanga zvakawanda kana zvikaiswa pamwe chete, kunyange zvazvo zvakaoma kuziva zvose zvinoitwa nokuti zvimwe hazvitaurwi,” akadaro Alexandre Kalache, mukuru weWorld Health Organization’s Ageing and Health Programme. Anoti: “Nyika . . . dzinofanira kuona vanhu vadzo vachembera sokuti ndivo vanokwanisa kupedza matambudziko, kwete kuti vanonetsa . . . , dzinofanira kuziva kuti ndivo vanhu vane ruzivo runofanira kutanga kushandiswa.”
Zviri pachena kuti kukwanisa kwedu kunakidzwa nemakore okuchembera kunogona kuchinjwa nepfungwa dzevamwe, asi kunonyanya kuchinjwa nemaonero edu pachedu atinoita upenyu. Chii chaungaita iwe pachako kuti urambe wakagwinya, mupfungwa uye mumuviri, kunyange kana uri kuchembera? Tapota verenga bhokisi riri pamapeji 16 ne17, uye ona kuti vamwe vanhu vachembera vanoti chii chinoita kuti varambe vakagwinya uye vararame upenyu hunofadza.
Edza Kuramba Uchishanda
Uchaona kuti vakawanda vachembera vanokwanisa kuva nebasa rakanaka ravanoita—kungava kubasa kwavo kana kuti vachizvipira kuyamura vamwe. Uyewo vanorovedza muviri nguva nenguva, vanofarira vanhu vemazera ose, uye vanopedza nyota yavo pakunamata. Sezvaungacherechedza, zvinhu izvi zvinoita kuti munhu afare uye arambe akagwinya zvichabatsira vose vaduku nevakuru.
Panguva ino, chokwadi chinorwadza ndechokuti pauri kutoverenga nyaya ino, newewo uri kuchembera. (Muparidzi 12:1) Kunyange zvakadaro, ungave munhu akachenjera kana ukateerera mashoko aiva muBulletin of the World Health Organization okuti: “Utano hunoita kuti munhu ashande, uye kushanda kunoitawo kuti munhu ave noutano hwakanaka.”
[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo riri papeji 16, 17]
Vanoramba Vachishanda uye Vanonakidzwa Noupenyu
◼ SOUTH AFRICA: Piet Wentzel, ane makore 77, mushumiri akazvipira wenguva yakazara.
“Ndinoziva kuti, kuti ndirambe ndakasimba, ndinofanira kugara ndichirovedza muviri. Kwemakore anoverengeka apfuura, ndave ndichishanda mubindu rangu duku. Ndinonzwa kuti ndava mumwe munhu kana ndapedza kurovedza muviri zvakadaro. Kuti ndikwanise kuita zvakawanda, ndinoedza kuita zvinhu zvandinoziva kuti zvakanaka, ‘Kusaziva zvokuita ndiyo mbavha yenguva; kunobatsirana nokuverengera.’”
[Mufananidzo]
“Ndinoziva kukosha kwokugara ndichirovedza muviri.”—Piet
◼ JAPAN: Yoshiharu Shiozaki, ane makore 73, anopa mazano pakutengesa zvivako.
“Ndinorwadziwa nomusana, ndine BP, uye ndine chirwere chenzeve chinonzi Meniere. Ndinoshandisa bhasikoro kubva kumba kuenda kuhofisi mazuva mana pavhiki; kuenda nokudzoka anokwana makiromita 12. Uku kurovedza muviri kwakandinakira, nokuti hakurwadzi musana wangu asi kunoita kuti tsandanyama dzangu dzomumakumbo dzisimbe. Ndinoedza kuva norugare nevamwe, kusanganisira vavakidzani. Ndinoedza kusatsvaka zvinokanganiswa nevamwe. Ndava kuziva kuti vanhu vanoita zvinodiwa nokukurumidza kana vakakurudzirwa pane zvavangaita kana vakatanga vamboshorwa.”
[Mufananidzo]
“Ndinoedza kusatsvaka zvinokanganiswa nevamwe.”—Yoshiharu
◼ FRANCE: Léone Chalony, ane makore 84, muparidzi wemashoko akanaka wenguva yakazara.
“Pandakasiya basa muna 1982, zvakanga zvakaoma nokuti ndaida basa rangu rokugadzira vanhu misoro. Ndakanga ndisina wokuriritira, saka ndakava piyona, zita rinopiwa kuvaparidzi vemashoko akanaka venguva yakazara veZvapupu zvaJehovha. Kuva nevakawanda vanofarira vandinodzidza navo Bhaibheri kwakandibatsira kuti pfungwa dzangu dzirambe dzichishanda zvakanaka. Handina motokari, saka ndinofamba chaizvo. Zvinondiita kuti ndigare ndakagwinya.”
[Mufananidzo]
“Kuva nevakawanda vandinodzidza navo Bhaibheri kunoita kuti pfungwa dzangu dzirambe dzine zvokuita.”—Léone
◼ BRAZIL: Francisco Lapastina, ane makore 78, mushumiri akazvipira wenguva yakazara.
“Handiwanzotsamwi kana mumwe munhu akaita zvinondirwadza kana kusada kutaura neni. Ndinofungidzira kuti munhu wacho ane zviri kumunetsa. Tose tinombova nemazuva atisingadi zvokutaura nomunhu. Ndinoedza kusava nedaka nomunhu uye ndinoramba ndichifunga kuti vanhu vanofanirawo kumbondikanganwira. Izvi zvakandibatsira kuva neshamwari dzechokwadi dzakawanda.”
[Mufananidzo]
“Ndinoedza kusava nedaka nomunhu”—Francisco
◼ AUSTRALIA: Don MacLean, ane makore 77, achiri kushanda kwemaawa 40 pavhiki.
“Ava makore mana pashure pokunge ndavhiyiwa mwoyo, ndichine utano hwakanaka zvikuru. Handina kuona kuvhiyiwa uku sourema hunonditadzisa kuita zvandinoda muupenyu hwangu. Ndichiri kufamba-famba zuva rimwe nerimwe, sezvandave ndichiita kwemakore. Pandakanga ndichiri muduku uye ndichiona vamwe vachikurumidza kukwegura, ndakatsidza kuti ndakanga ndisiri kuzova nepfungwa dzakadaro. Ndinofara nokuzivana nevanhu uye kukurukura nyaya dzinofadza. Kana kunamata kuchikosha muupenyu hwedu, zvinotaurwa paPisarema 103:5, kuti: ‘[Jehovha] unogutisa mwoyo wako nezvakanaka; kuti utsva hwako huvandudzwe segondo’ zvichaitika.”
[Mufananidzo]
“Usakurumidza kukwegura.”—Don
◼ JAPAN: Chiyoko Chonan, ane makore 68 muparidzi wemashoko akanaka wenguva yakazara.
“Chinokosha pakuva noutano hwakanaka kuita kuti usaore mwoyo uye kuneta. Ndinoedza kusanetseka nezvinhu zvakawanda uye ndinoona kuti kumbochinja maitiro andinoita zvinhu kunondibatsira. Nguva pfupi yapfuura ndakatanga [kutamba tsoro yomumakomba] kuti ndirovedze minwe nepfungwa dzangu. Ndinofunga kuti kutanga zvinhu zvitsva kunobatsira.”
[Mufananidzo]
“Ndinofunga kuti zvakanaka kutanga zvinhu zvitsva.”—Chiyoko
◼ FRANCE: Joseph Kerdudo, ane makore 73, mushumiri akazvipira wenguva yakazara.
“Nzira yakanaka yokukwegura nayo kuramba une zvokuita chero bedzi uchikwanisa. Kushanda kunoita kuti unzwe uchigutsikana, uye unofanira kuchenjerera zvaunodya uchichinja sezvinodiwa. Ndinofunga kuti kana upenyu hune chinangwa, zvinokubatsira. Ndinofunga kuti zivo yokunamata Mwari inokosha kwazvo mukutibatsira kuti tirambe tine utano hwakanaka. Ndisati ndava mumwe weZvapupu zvaJehovha, ndakanga ndisina kunyatsotsiga uye ndisina tariro. Kuziva chokwadi chomuBhaibheri isimba guru rinopa munhu simba repfungwa kuti atarisane nezvinetso zvakasiyana-siyana.”
[Mufananidzo]
“Zivo yokunamata Mwari inokosha kwazvo.”—Joseph