Kuvakira Panheyo Dzechihedheni
PANTHEON ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzinoshamisa dzakawanda dzinoshanyirwa nevashanyi kuRome, Italy. Iri basa rakaisvonaka rounyanzvi hwokuvaka hweRome chimwe chezvivako zvishomanene zviri ikoko zvaramba zvakangoita sezvazvakanga zvakaita munguva dzekare. Chatangwa naAgrippa munenge muna 27 B.C.E., chakavakwazve naHadrian munenge muna 120 C.E. Rumwe rutivi runoshamisa rwechivako ichi idenga racho rakakura rakafara mamita 43, rakatozopfuurwa kufara munguva dzazvino uno. Pantheon yakatanga iri temberi yevahedheni, “nzvimbo yevamwari vose,” zvinoreva shoko rokutanga rechiGiriki. Nhasi, ichiri kuonekwa sechechi yeRoma Katurike. Ko kuchinja kwakadaro kunoshamisa kwakabvira sei?
Muna 609 C.E., Papa Boniface IV vakatsaurirazve iyi tembere yakanga yava nenguva yakareba isingashandiswi sechechi “yechiKristu.” Panguva iyoyo, yakapiwa zita rokuti Church of the Santa Maria Rotunda. Maererano nenyaya yakabudiswa muna 1900 mumagazini yechiTariyana yeJesuit La Civiltà Cattolica, Boniface aifunga kuti yaizonyanyoshandisirwa ku“pa mbiri pamwe chete vaKristu vose vakafira kutenda, kana kuti panzvimbo pazvo, vasande vose, asi kutanga uye kunyanya Mhandara Mai vaMwari.” Mazita anopiwa Pantheon neChechi yeRoma Katurike nhasi—Santa Maria ad Martyres kana kuti, zvichichinjaniswa, Santa Maria Rotunda—anoratidza vavariro iyoyo isiri yomuMagwaro.—Enzanisa naMabasa 14:8-15.
Kuti vachinjire Pantheon kune zvitsva zvayakanga ichida kushandiswa, “zvishomanene zvikuru zvaifanira kuitwa,” inopfuurira kudaro nyaya iyoyo. “Boniface akatevera mitemo iri nyore uye yomutsa yakanga yagara yatoiswa naSt. Gregory Mukuru [Papa Gregory I], akanga amutangira, shasha uye muenzaniso mukuchinjwa kwetemberi dzechihedheni kuti dzishandiswe mukunamata kwechiKristu.” Mitemo iyoyo yakanga iri ipi?
Mutsamba yaakanyorera mufundisi aida kuenda kuBritain yechihedheni muna 601 C.E., Gregory akapa nhungamiro iyi: “Temberi dzemifananidzo dziri munyika yacho hadzifaniri kupwanywa; asi mifananidzo yoga ingava irimo . . . Kana temberi dzacho dzakanaka, zvakafanira kuti dzichinjwe kubva pakunamatirwa vanadhiyabhorosi dzoshumirwa Mwari wechokwadi.” Pfungwa yaGregory yakanga iri yokuti kana vanhu vechihedheni vaizoona dzaimbova temberi dzavo dzisina kusvibiswa, vangava vaizoda zvikuru kuramba vachienda kwadziri. Nepo vahedheni vaisimbo“uraya mombe dzakawanda vachibayira vanadhiyabhorosi,” akanyora kudaro papa wacho, zvino zvakanga zvava kutarisirwa kuti “vasachabayirazve mhuka kuna dhiyabhorosi asi kuti vadziurayire kunakirwa kwavo pachavo kuti Mwari arumbidzwe.”
ChiRoma Katurike “chakarwisana”wo nokunamata kwechihedheni kuburikidza nokutanga machechi akatsaurirwa kuvatsigiri “vechiKristu” pedyo pedyo nedzaimbova temberi. Mhemberero dzekare dzakagamuchirwa ndokunzi dzinokosha ku“chiKristu.” Kuzvitaura nemashoko eLa Civiltà Cattolica: “Kuti kumwe kuchengeta kwetsika nechitendero kwevaKristu vapakuvamba kwakanga kwakabatana zvikuru nemimwe miitiro nenzira zvechihedheni kunozivikanwa nenyanzvi dzose mazuva ano. Yakanga iri miitiro yainyanyisa kukosha kune vanhu, tsika dzakanga dzadzika midzi zvakanyanya uye dzakanga dzakabatanidzwa muupenyu hwepachena nehwepachivande hwenyika yekare. Chechi yeRoma Katurike, yaiva nemutsa uye yakachenjera, haina kudavira kuti yaifanira kudzibvisa; panzvimbo pazvo, kuburikidza nokudzichinja mupfungwa yechiKristu, kudzisimudzira kumukurumbira mutsva noupenyu hutsva, yakadzikurira nenzira dzakanga dzakasimba asi dzakapfava, kuitira kuti izviwanire mweya yevanhu vakawanda nevakadzidza.”
Mumwe muenzaniso wekugamuchirwa kwemhemberero yechihedheni unonyatsozivikanwa, chokwadika, ndeuyo weKirisimasi. Musi wa25 December kutaura chokwadi wakanga uri musi waichengetwa dies natalis Solis Invicti navaRoma vakare, kureva kuti, “musi wokuzvarwa kwezuva risingakundwi.”
Nechishuvo chayo chokuwana vateveri vechihedheni, chechi yakabva yarega kuomerera pachokwadi. Yakati kusanganiswa kwezvitendero, kupinzwa kwezvitendero zvechihedheni nemiitiro “zvinodiwa nevanhu vakawanda” kwakanga kwakarurama. Zvakazoguma nechechi yomusanganiswa, yevakaramba kutenda, yakasiyana chaizvo nedzidziso dzechiKristu chechokwadi. Tichifunga nezveizvi, pamwe hazvinyanyi kushamisa kuti yaimbova temberi yeRoma ye“vamwari vose”—Pantheon—inofanira kuva chechi yeRoma Katurike yakatsaurirwa kuna Maria neva“sande” vose.
Zvisinei, zvinofanira kuva pachena kuti kuchinja kutsaurirwa kwetemberi kana kuti zita remhemberero hakuna kukwana kuti uchinje ku‘namatwa kwavanadhiyabhorosi kuti kuve kushumirwa kwaMwari wechokwadi.’ “Temberi yaMwari ingatenderana seiko nezvifananidzo?” akabvunza kudaro muapostora Pauro. “Budai pakati pavo, muzviraure, ndizvo zvinotaura Ishe, musabata chinhu chine tsvina; ini ndichakugamuchirai, ndichava baba venyu, nemi muchava vanakomana navanasikana vangu, ndizvo zvinotaura Ishe une simba rose.”—2 VaKorinte 6:16-18.