Chinetso Chorudzidziso

“PFUNGWA yokusafa kwomweya uye kutenda rumuko rwavakafa . . . mirangariro miviri iri pamwero yakasiyana chose chose, iyo pakati payo chisarudzo chinoda kuitwa.” Aya mashoko aPhilippe Menoud anopfupisa chinetso chinotarisanwa navafundisi vePurotesitendi neKaturike pamusoro pomugariro wavakafa. Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvetariro yorumuko “nezuva rokupedzisira.” (Johane 6:39, 40, 44, 54) Asi tariro yavadaviri vakawanda, anodaro mufundisi Gisbert Greshake, “yakavakirwa pakusafa kwomweya, uyo unoparadzana nomuviri parufu ndokudzokera kuna Mwari, nepo tariro murumuko yakanyangarika zvikuru, kana kusitori zvachose chose.”

Mumamiriro ezvinhu iwayo, chinetso chakaoma chinomuka, anotsanangura kudaro Bernard Sesboüé: “Chii chiri mugariro wavakafa mukati me‘nguva yapakati’ pakati porufu rwavo rwomuviri norumuko rwokupedzisira?” Mubvunzo iwoyo unoratidzika kuva vave uri pakati pehurukuro yorudzidziso mumakore mashomanene apfuura. Chii chakatungamirira kwauri? Uye chinokosha zvikuru, chii chiri tariro chaiyoiyo yavakafa?

Mavambo Nokukura Kwechinetso

VaKristu vokutanga vakanga vane pfungwa dzakajeka panhau yacho. Vaiziva kubva muMagwaro kuti vakafa havazivi chinhu chipi nechipi, nokuti Magwaro echiHebheru anoti: “Vapenyu vanoziva kuti vachazofa, asi vakafa havana chavanoziva, . . . Hakuna basa, kana zano, kana zivo, kana uchenjeri paSheori kwaunoenda.” (Muparidzi 9:5, 10) VaKristu ivavo vaitarira rumuko kuitika mukati mo“kuuya kwaShe” kwomunguva yemberi. (1 VaTesaronika 4:13-17) Vaisakarira kuve vanoziva vari kune imwe nzvimbowo zvayo vachimirira nhambo iyoyo. Joseph Ratzinger, mukuru wazvino weVatican Congregation of the Doctrine of Faith, anoti: “Hapana kusimbisa kwedzidziso kwaivapo muChechi yakare pakusafa kwomweya.”

Zvisinei, Nuovo dizionario di teologia, rinotsanangura kuti pakurava zvinyorwa zvaVanyori veChechi vechiKristu, vakadai saAugustine kana kuti Ambrose, “tinova vanoziva chimwe chinhu chitsva pamusoro pegamuchidzanwa reBhaibheri—kubuda kwechitendero chenguva yemberi chechiGiriki, chakasiyana zvikurukuru neicho chavaKristu vechiJudha.” Iyi dzidziso itsva yakavakirwa pa“kusafa kwomweya, parutongeso rwomunhu oga netuso kana kuti chirango nokukurumidza pashure porufu.” Nokudaro, mubvunzo wakamutswa pamusoro pe“mugariro wapakati”: Kana mweya uchipukunyuka rufu rwomuviri, chii chinoitika kwauri paunomirira rumuko pa“zuva rokupedzisira”? Ichochi chinetso icho vafundisi vakarwisa kupedza.

Muzana ramakore rechitanhatu C.E., Pope Gregory I akaita nharo kuti parufu mweya inoenda nokukurumidza kunzvimbo yomugumo wayo. Pope John XXII wezana ramakore rechi 14 akapwiswa kuti vakafa vaizogamuchira tuso yavo yokupedzisira paZuva Rorutongeso. Pope Benedict XII, zvisinei, akabvumikisa wakamutangira kuva asina kururama. Mumurayiro wapapa Benedictus Deus (1336), akarayira kuti “mweya yavakafa inopinda mumugariro womufaro [denga], kuchenesa [purigatori], kana kuti shurikidzo [hero] nokukurumidza pashure porufu, kuzobatanidzwazve bedzi nemiviri yayo yakamutswa pakuguma kwenyika.”

Pasinei zvapo negakava nehurukuro, ichi chave chiri chimiro chechechi dzechiKristudhomu kwamazana amakore, kunyange zvazvo chechi dzePurotestendi neOrthodox dzose zvadzo dzisingadaviri purigatori. Zvisinei, kubvira pakupera kwezana ramakore rapfuura, nhamba inowedzera yenyanzvi yakaonesa mavambo asiri eBhaibheri edzidziso yokusafa kwomweya, uye somugumisiro, “dzidziso yazvino uno zvino inowanzoedza kurangarira munhu sechinhu chinoparadzwa zvachose murufu.” (The Encyclopedia of Religion) Vatsinhiri veBhaibheri, naizvozvo, vanokuwana kwakaoma kururamisa kuvapo kwo“mugariro wapakati.” Bhaibheri rinotaura pamusoro pako, kana kuti rinopa tariro yakasiyana here?

Pauro Aidavira “Mugariro Wapakati” Here?

Catechism of the Catholic Church inoti: “Kuti timuke naKristu, tinofanira kufa naKristu: tinofanira ‘kuparadzana nomuviri ndokuva kumusha naShe’. [2 VaKorinte 5:8] Mu‘kubva’ ikoko uko kuri rufu mweya unoparadzaniswa nomuviri. [VaFiripi 1:23] Uchabatanidzwazve nomuviri pazuva rorumuko rwavakafa.” Asi muMagwaro anokorwa mashoko pano, muapostora Pauro anotaura kuti mweya unopukunyuka rufu rwomuviri ipapo ndokumirira “Rutongeso Rwokupedzisira” kuti ubatanidzwezve nomuviri here?

Pana 2 VaKorinte 5:1, Pauro anonongedzera kurufu rwake uye anotaura nezve“imba yenyika” iyo “ichaputswa.” Akanga achifunga nezvomuviri unosiyiwa nomweya wawo usingafi here? Aiwa. Pauro aidavira kuti munhu ndiye mweya, kwete kuti ane mweya. (Genesi 2:7; 1 VaKorinte 15:45) Pauro akanga ari muKristu akazodzwa nomudzimu aiva netariro, kufanana neiyo yehama dzake dzezana ramakore rokutanga, yakanga ya‘kachengetwa mumatenga.’ (VaKorose 1:5; VaRoma 8:14-18) ‘Chishuvo [chake] chapachokwadi,’ naizvozvo, chakanga chiri chokumutsirwa kudenga sechisikwa chisingafi chomudzimu panguva yakagadzwa yaMwari. (2 VaKorinte 5:2-4) Achitaura nezveiyi tariro, akanyora, kuti: “Tichashandurwa tose . . . mukati mehwamanda yokupedzisira. Nokuti hwamanda icharira, uye vakafa vachamutswa nokusaora, uye tichashandurwa.”—1 VaKorinte 15:51, 52, NW.

Pana 2 VaKorinte 5:8, Pauro anoti: “Tinotsunga mwoyowo, tichiti zvirinani tirege kugara pamuviri, kuti tigare kunaShe.” Vamwe vanodavira kuti aya mashoko anonongedzera kumugariro wapakati wokumirira. Vakadaro vanonongedzerawo kuchipikirwa chaJesu kuvateveri vake vakatendeka chokuti akanga achienda kuzogadzira nzvimbo yokuti a‘vagamuchire kumusha kwaari amene.’ Asi ndirini apo kariro dzakadaro dzaizozadzikwa? Kristu akataura kuti kwaizova apo a‘kauya zvakare’ mukuvapo kwake kwomunguva yemberi. (Johane 14:1-3) Nenzira yakafanana, pana 2 VaKorinte 5:1-10, Pauro akataura kuti tariro inozivikanwa navose yavaKristu vakazodzwa yakanga iri yokugara nhaka nzvimbo yokudenga. Ikoku kwaizoitika, kwete kupfurikidza nokusafa kwomweya kunofungidzirwa, asi kupfurikidza norumuko mukati mokuvapo kwaKristu. (1 VaKorinte 15:23, 42-44) Mududziri waMagwaro Charles Masson anogumisa kuti 2 VaKorinte 5:1-10 “inogona kusanonzwisiswa ipapo pasina kufanira kutendeukira kufungidziro yo‘mugariro wapakati.’”

Pana VaFiripi 1:21, 23, Pauro anoti: “Kwandiri kurarama ndiKristu, kufa kufuma. Zvino ndinomanikidzwa nezvinhu zviviri: ndinoda kubva, kuti ndive naKristu, nokuti ndizvo zvinopfuura kunaka.” Pauro pano anonongedzera ku“mugariro wapakati” here? Vamwe vanofunga kudaro. Zvisinei, Pauro anotaura kuti akamanikidzwa nebviro mbiri—upenyu kana kuti rufu. “Asi ndinoda,” akawedzera kudaro, achidudza bviro yechitatu, “kubva, kuti ndive naKristu.” “Kubva” kuti ave naKristu nokukurumidza pashure porufu here? Eya, sezvatoonekwa, Pauro aidavira kuti vaKristu vakatendeka vakazodzwa vaizomutswa mukati mokuvapo kwaKristu. Naizvozvo, anofanira kuve airangarira nezvezviitiko zvenhambo iyoyo.

Ikoku kunogona kuonekwa mumashoko ake anowanikwa pana VaFiripi 3:20, 21 na 1 VaTesaronika 4:16. “Kubva” kwakadaro mukati mokuvapo kwaKristu Jesu kwaizogonesa Pauro kugamuchira tuso iyo Mwari akanga amugadzirira. Kuti ikoko kwakanga kuri tariro yake kunoonekwa mumashoko ake kujaya Timotio: “Kubva zvino ndakachengeterwa korona yokururama, yandichapiwa naShe, Mutongi wakarurama, nezuva irero; ndisini ndoga, asi navose vakada kuonekwa kwake.”—2 Timotio 4:8.

Rumuko—Zvokwadi yeBhaibheri Yakaisvonaka

VaKristu vokutanga vairangarira rumuko kuva chiitiko chaizovamba mukati mokuvapo kwaKristu, uye vaigamuchira simba nenyaradzo zvaibva muiyi zvokwadi yeBhaibheri yakaisvonaka. (Mateo 24:3; Johane 5:28, 29; 11:24, 25; 1 VaKorinte 15:19, 20; 1 VaTesaronika 4:13) Vaimirira nokutendeka mufaro iwoyo womunguva yemberi, vachiramba dzidziso dzokuramba kutenda dzokusafa kwomweya.—Mabasa 20:28-30; 2 Timotio 4:3, 4; 2 Petro 2:1-3.

Chokwadika, rumuko haruna kuganhurirwa kuvaKristu vane tariro yokudenga. (1 Petro 1:3-5) Madzitateguru navamwe vabatiri vaMwari vakare vakashandisa kutenda mano aJehovha okudzorera vakafa kuupenyu pasi pano. (Jobho 14:14, 15; Dhanieri 12:2; Ruka 20:37, 38; VaHebheru 11:19, 35) Kungange mabhiriyoni ayo mukati memazana amakore vasina kutongoziva Mwari vane mukana wokudzokera kuupenyu muparadhiso yapasi, sezvo “kuchavapo kumuka kwavakafa kwavakarurama navasakarurama.” (Mabasa 24:15; Ruka 23:42, 43) Iyoyi haisi kariro inofadza here?

Panzvimbo pokuti tidavire kuti kutambura norufu zvichavapo nguva dzose, Jehovha anonongedzera kunguva apo “muvengi wokupedzisira, . . . rufu,” achabviswa nokusingaperi uye rudzi rwomunhu rwakatendeka ruchararama nokusingagumi papasi rakadzorerwa kuParadhiso. (1 VaKorinte 15:26; Johane 3:16; 2 Petro 3:13) Kuchava kunoshamisa sei kuona vadiwa vedu vachidzoka kuupenyu! Iyi tariro yechokwadi iri nani zvikuru sei kupfuura kusafa kunofungidzirwa kwomweya womunhu—dzidziso yakavakirwa, kwete paShoko raMwari, asi pauzivi hwechiGiriki! Kana ukavakira tariro yako pamhiko yechokwadi yaMwari, iwewo unogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti nokukurumidza “rufu haruchazovipozve”!—Zvakazarurwa 21:3-5.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 31]

Rumuko izvokwadi yeBhaibheri yakaisvonaka