Kukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama Idzidziso Yakaziviswa naMwari Here?

KUKWIRA Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama—dzidziso yokuti Maria, amai vaJesu, vakakwira kudenga nomuviri wenyama—inokosheswa namamirioni avaRoma Katurike. Wezvenhau George William Douglas anoti: “Kukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama, kana kuti kupinzwa mudenga, kweMhandara Maria kwa[nguve] kuchiremekedzwa samakurusa amadyo ake nomumwe wemitambo mikuru yegore reChechi.”

Vafundisi veKaturike vanobvuma, kunyanguvezvo, kuti Bhaibheri haritauri nezvaMaria seanoita kukwira kwakadaro kudenga. Zvamazvirokwazvo, vaKaturike vashomanene vanoziva kuti iyi dzidziso inodiwa yave iri nhau yagara mazana amakore yegakava nokukurukura kwakakasharara. Naizvozvo chechi yakasvika sei chaizvo pakugamuchira Kukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama sedzidziso?a Kune chikonzero chipi nechipi chokuirangarira seyakaziviswa nenzira youmwari here? Mhinduro kumibvunzo iyoyi hadzisiwo zvadzo dzokurondedzerwa kwezvisingashandiswi. Dzine revo huru nokuda kwavapi navapi vari vadi vezvokwadi.

Kutanga Kwedzidziso

Kungakukatyamadza kuziva kuti mumazana okutanga amakore pashure porufu rwaJesu, pfungwa yoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama yakanga iri yechienzi chose chose kukufunga kwamaKristu. Mufundisi weKaturike Jean Galot anonyora muL’Osservatore Romano, kuti: “Pakuvamba, hakuna kuyeukwa kworufu rwaMaria kwakanga kwakabatanidzwa nenzanga yechiKristu.”

Pashure pokunge dzidziso yoUtatu yava dzidziso yapamutemo yechechi, zvisinei, Maria akavamba kupiwa nzvimbo inokosha nenzira inowedzera. Mashoko okurumbidza, akadai sa“Mai vaMwari,” “akanambwa asina chivi,” “Murevererikadzi,” uye “Mambokadzi Wedenga,” akatanga kushandiswa kwaari. Pashure penguva yakati, anorangarira kudaro mufundisi Galot, “kunyarara kwegamuchidzanwa rechinyakare pamusoro porufu rwaMaria kwaisagona kugutsa zvizere maKristu aye aiziva kukwana kwaMaria uye aida kumunamata. Nokudaro, rondedzero dzoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama, idzo dzakabva mukufungidzira kwakakurumbira, dzakaumbika.”

Munenge muzana ramakore rechina N.V., inonzi apokarifa yevezvokudavira kukwira kudenga kwaMaria nomuviri wenyama yakavamba kutenderera. Aya magwaro akapa nhauro dzinofadza dzokunonzi kukwira kwaMaria kudenga. Rangarira, somuenzaniso, rugwaro runonzi “Kuvata kwaAmai Vatsvene vaMwari.” Rwakanzi rwakanyorwa naasati ari mumwe kunze kwomuapostora Johane, asi sezvingabvira zvikuru rwakanyorwa anodokuva makore 400 pashure porufu rwaJohane. Mukuwirirana neiyi nhauro yenhema, vaapostora vaKristu vakaunganidzwa nenzira yenenji kuna Maria, uko vakamuona achiporesa mapofu, matsi, uye zvirema. Pakupedzisira, sezvinotaurwa pano, vaapostora vakanzwa Ishe achitaura kuna Maria, kuti: “Tarirai, kubva zvino zvichienda mberi muviri wenyu unokosha uchapinzwa muparadhiso, uye mweya wenyu mutsvene uchava mumatenga mupfuma yaBaba vangu muchiedza chikuru, uko kune rugare nokufara kwengirozi, uye kupfuurira kwazvo.”

Vatendi vakaita sei kumanyoro akadaro? Nyanzvi yedzidziso pamusoro paMaria René Laurentin inotsanangura, kuti: “Kuita kwacho kwakanga kwakasiana-siana zvikuru. Vanotendedzera zvikurusa vanonyengerwa, pasina kumwe kurangarira, nokuyevedza kwenhau yakaisvonaka. Vamwe vanozvidza idzi nhauro dzisingawirirani, idzo kazhinji kazhinji dzinopokanidzana uye dzisina chiremera.” Rondedzero yoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama nokudaro yakatamburira kugamuchirwa nenzira yapamutemo. Raiwedzera kunyongano rakanga riri idi rokuti zvinonzi zvisaririra zvomuviri waMaria zvakanga zvichinamatwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo. Ikoku kwakanga kwakaoma kuyananisa nechitendero chokuti muviri wake wenyama wakanga wapinzwa mudenga.

Muzana ramakore rechi 13, Thomas Aquinas, kufanana navamwe vafundisi vakawanda, aidavira kuti kwakanga kusingabviri kurondedzera Kukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama sedzidziso, sezvo “Rugwaro rusingaidzidzisi.” Zvisinei, chitendero chacho chakapfuurira kukura mumukurumbira, uye mifananidzo yokunofungidzirwa kuti kukwira kudenga kwaMaria nomuviri wenyama inonyorwa nenyanzvi dzokunyora mifananidzo dzakakurumbira dzakadai saRaphael, Correggio, Titian, Carracci, uye Rubens yakawanda.

Nhau yacho yakaramba isina kupedzwa kutozosvikira misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikuru. Mukuwirirana nomuJesuit Giuseppe Filograssi, pashure sehafu yokutanga yezana redu ramakore, nyanzvi dzeKaturike dzakapfuurira kubudisa “fundo nekurukurirano dzisina kunaka nguva dzose” kurondedzero yoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama. Kunyange vanapapa, vakadai saLeo XIII, Pius X, uye Benedict XV, “vakanga vakati nyararei pamusoro penhau yacho.” Asi pana November 1, 1950, chechi pakupedzisira yakava nechimiro chakasimba. Papa Pius XII akazivisa, kuti: “Tinokurondedzera kuva dzidziso yakaziviswa naMwari kuti Amai Vakakwana vaMwari, Maria Mhandara nguva dzose, apo upenyu hwavo hwapasi hwakapera, vakapinzwa muviri nomweya mumbiri yedenga.”—Munificentissimus Deus.

Chitendero murwendo rwaMaria rwomuviri kuenda kudenga chakanga chisisiri chechisarudzo pakati pavaKaturike—zvino yakanga yava dzidziso yeChechi. Papa Pius XII akazivisa kuti “kana munhu upi noupi . . . akatsunga hake kuramba kana kuti kutanga kupanikira nenzira yokuzvidira izvo Isu tarondedzera, iye anofanira kuziva kuti aperevedza paKutenda Kwoumwari nokwechiKaturike.”

Izvo Magwaro Anotaura Chaizvoizvo

Asi chechi yakava neichi chimiro chakasimba pahwaroi? Papa Pius XII akataura kuti dzidziso yoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama ine “hwaro hwayo hukuru muRugwaro Rutsvene.” Pakati pamagwaro anowanzodudzwa sechibvumikiso chokukwira kudenga kwaMaria nomuviri wenyama pana Ruka 1:28, 42. Idzi ndima dzinoti nezvaMaria: “Kwaziwa, akazara nenyasha, Ishe anewe: wakakomborerwa pakati pavakadzi . . . , uye chibereko chenhumbu yako chakakomborerwa.” (Douay) Vezvokudavira kukwira kudenga kwaMaria nomuviri wenyama vanorangarira kuti nemhaka yokuti Maria akanga “akazara nenyasha,” anofanira kuva asina kutongofa. Uye achiva “akakomborerwa” kufanana ne‘chibereko chenhumbu yake,’ anofanira kuva neropafadzo dzakaenzana neidzo dzaJesu—kubatanidza kukwira kwake kudenga. Unofunga kuti ikoku kurangarira kwakanaka here?

Kutanga, nyanzvi dzomutauro dzinotaura kuti kutaura kwokuti “akazara nenyasha” ishanduro isina kururama uye kuti kutaura kwechiGiriki kwapakuvamba kwakashandiswa naRuka kunoshandurwa nenzira yakarurama zvikuru kuva “mudikanwi waMwari.” Nokudaro Jerusalem Bible yeKaturike inoshandura Ruka 1:28, kuti: “Fara, unodikanwa zvikuru kwazvo!” Hapana chikonzero chokugumisa kuti Maria akapinzwa nomuviri mudenga nemhaka chete yokuti akanga achi“dikanwa zvikuru” naMwari. Mufiri kutendeka wechiKristu wokutanga, Stefano, akataurwawo nezvake muBhaibheri reKaturike reDouay seanodikanwa zvikuru, kana kuti “akazara nenyasha”—uye hakuna rumuko rwomuviri rwakanzi nderwake.—Mabasa 6:8.

Bva, Maria haana kukomborerwa kana kuti kudikanwa here? Hungu, asi nenzira inofadza, mukadzi anonzi Jaeri shure mumazuva avatongi vaIsraeri akarangarirwa kuva “akakomborerwa pakati pavakadzi.” (Vatongi 5:24, Dy) Zvamazvirokwazvo hapana munhu angaitawo nharo kuti Jaeri akapinzwa nomuviri mudenga. Kunze kwezvo, pfungwa yose yoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama yakavakirwa pakutaura kwokuti Jesu amene akakwira kudenga nomuviri. Zvisinei, Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti Jesu aka“raramiswa,” kana kuti kumutswa, “mumudzimu.” (1 Petro 3:18, Dy; enzanisa na 1 VaKorinte 15:45.) Muapostora Pauro anotaurazve kuti “nyama neropa hazvigoni kuva noumambo hwaMwari.”—1 VaKorinte 15:42-50, Dy.

Chokwadi, Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvorumuko rwokudenga rwamaKristu akatendeka akazodzwa nomudzimu. Zvisinei, 1 VaTesaronika 4:13-17 (NW), inojekesa kuti urwu rumuko rwaisazovamba kutozosvikira pa“kuvapo kwaShe,” mukati mamazuva okupedzisira enguva ino yakaipa. Kutozosvikira panguva iyeyo, Maria aizova akavata murufu, pamwe chete nezviuru zvamamwe maKristu akatendeka.—1 VaKorinte 15:51, 52.

Maria—Mukadzi Wokutenda

Iva nechokwadi chokuti mukutaura zvichangobva kududzwa hatirevi kuzvidza Maria. Pasina panikiro, Maria akanga ari mukadzi womuenzaniso—uyo ane kutenda kwakafanirwa nokutevedzera. Akagamuchira nokudisa mutoro wakaropafadzwa wokuva amai vaJesu, pamwe chete nemiedzo yose nokuzvibaira zvaizotevera. (Ruka 1:38; 2:34, 35) Pamwe chete naJosefa, akarera Jesu muuchenjeri hwoumwari. (Ruka 2:51, 52) Akagara naJesu mukati mokutambura kwake padanda. (Johane 19:25-27) Uye somudzidzi akatendeka, nenzira yokuteerera akaramba ari muJerusarema ndokuwana kudururwa kwomudzimu waMwari paPentekosta.—Mabasa 1:13, 14; 2:1-4.

Murangariro wakaipa waMaria haukudzi Musiki kana kuti Maria. Dzidziso yoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama inobatira kusimbisa kutaura kusina hwaro kwokuti Maria murevereri naMwari. Asi Jesu Kristu akambotsigira dzidziso yakadaro here? Mukupesana, iye akati: “Ndini nzira, nezvokwadi, noupenyu; hapana munhu unouya kuna Baba, asi nokwandiri. Kana muchikumbira chinhu kwandiri muzita rangu, ndichachiita.” (Johane 14:6, 14; enzanisa naMabasa 4:12.) Hungu, Jesu Kristu oga, kwete Maria, anoreverera kuMusiki. Tinofanira kusvika Mupi wedu Woupenyu nokuda kwe“betsero munguva yokushaiwa”—kupfurikidza naJesu—kwete Maria.”—VaHebheru 4:16, Revised Standard Version, Catholic Edition.

Kugamuchira zvokwadi pamusoro paMaria kungava kunorwadza kune vamwe. Zvikurukuru, kungareva kusiya zvitendero zvakadavirwa kwenguva refu nemirangariro inokosheswa. Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo ichirwadza padzimwe nguva, zvokwadi pakupedzisira ‘inosunungura munhu.’ (Johane 8:32) Jesu akataura kuti Baba vake vakanga vachitsvaka avo vaizonamata “mumudzimu nomuzvokwadi.” (Johane 4:24, Dy) KuvaKaturike vapachokwadi, aya mashoko anova sedenho.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

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MARIA AKAFA HERE?

Maria akafa zvomenemene pamberi pokunofungidzirwa kuva kukwira kwake kudenga here? Vafundisi veKaturike vanozviwana vamene vakatarisana neizvi zvisarudzo zviviri zvisingafadzi zvakaenzana paiyi nhau. Nuovo dizionario di teologia rinoonesa kuti “kwaizova kwakaoma kuti ropafadzo yokusatapurwa norufu ndeyaMaria, iyo kunyange Kristu akanga asina.” Pane rumwe rutivi, kutaura kuti Maria akafa kunomutsa nhau yakaoma zvakaenzana. Mufundisi Kari Børresen anotaura kuti “rufu chirango chechivi chapakuvamba, icho, mukuwirirana ne[dzidziso yo“Kunamba Kutsvene”], chisina kutapura Maria.” Ipapoka, aizofanira kuve akafa pahwaroi? Hakushamisi kuti Papa Pius XII akadzivisa nenzira yokungwarira nhau yose yorufu rwaMaria pakurondedzera dzidziso yoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama.

Nenzira inofadza, dzidziso yeBhaibheri haina nyongano yakadaro. Hapana parinodzidzisa—kana kuti kunyange kukarakadza—kuti Maria akabva mu“kunamba kutsvene.” Mukupesana, rinoratidzira kuti Maria akanga ari munhu asina kukwana aida kudzikinurwa. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichochi, pashure pokuberekwa kwaJesu, akaenda kutembere ndokuita chipiriso chezvivi kuna Mwari. (Revhitiko 12:1-8; Ruka 2:22-24) Kufanana navamwe vanhu vose vasina kukwana, Maria pakupedzisira akafa.—VaRoma 3:23; 6:23.

Iyi zvokwadi yakapfava inopesana zvikuru nemibvunzo isingapinduriki inomutswa nedzidziso yoKukwira Kudenga kwaMaria Nomuviri Wenyama.

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‘Kukwira Kudenga Nomuviri Wenyama kweMhandara,’ wakaitwa naTitian (c.1488-1576)

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Giraudon/Art Resource, N.Y.

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Kupfurikidza nokuunza chipiriso chezvivi kutembere pashure pokuberekwa kwaJesu, Maria akazvizivisa amene somutadzi anoda kudzikinurwa