Zvakaisvonaka zvomuEvhangeri yaMarko
MUDZIMU waJehovha wakafuridzira Marko kunyora nhauro yakazadzwa nechiito youpenyu hwapasi hwaJesu noushumiri. Kunyange zvazvo iyi Evhangeri isingatauri kuti Marko akanga ari munyori wayo, pane ufakazi hwaikoku mumabhuku aPapias, Justin Martyr, Tertullian, Origen, Eusebius, Jerome, uye vamwe vane manyoro anobatanidza mazana amakore mana okutanga eNguva yedu yaVose.
Mukuwirirana negamuchidzanwa, muapostora Petro akagovera mashoko okutanga eiyi Evhangeri. Somuenzaniso, Origen akataura kuti Marko akainyora “mutsinhirano nemiraidzo yaPetro.” Asi Marko sezviri pachena akagonawo kusvika kumamwe manyuko, nokuti vadzidzi vaisonganira mumusha mamai vake. Kutaura idi, sezvo Marko zvimwe akanga ari “jaya” rakanzvenga avo vaisunga Jesu, iye angave akava neonano yomunhu oga naKristu.—Marko 14:51, 52; Mabasa 12:12.
Yakanyorerwa Vanaani?
Marko sezviri pachena akanyora zvikurukuru achirangarira Vamarudzi. Somuenzaniso, mutoo wake wokupfupikisa wakakodzera rudzi rwechiRoma. Iye akarondedzera “korbhani” se“chipo kuna Mwari” (7:11) uye akaratidzira kuti tembere yaigona kuonwa uri paGomo reMiorivhi. (13:3) Marko akatsanangurawo kuti vaFarise vai“zvinyima zvokudya” uye vaSadhuse “vanoti hakuna kumuka kwavakafa.” (2:18; 12:18) Tsinhiro dzakadaro dzaizova dzisiri madikanwa nokuda kwavaravi vechiJudha.
Chokwadika, kurava Evhangeri yaMarko kunogona kubetsera munhu upi noupi. Asi mativii ekare anogona kutibetsera kunzwisisa zvakati kuti zvezvakaisvonaka zvayo?
Mwanakomana waMwari Muiti Wamanenji
Marko anorondedzera manenji Kristu akaita nesimba raMwari. Somuenzaniso, pane imwe nhambo kwakanga kune boka guru kwazvo muimba zvokuti kuti munhu akafa mitezo aporeswe, aifanira kudzikiswa pedyo naJesu napamwena wakacherwa mudenga. (2:4) Nemhaka yokuti imba yakanga yakazara vanhu, munhu wacho angave akakwidzwa namanera kana kuti matanho okunze. Asi neiko kwaiva nedikanwo yokuboora denga? Eya, matenga mazhinjisa akanga akati sandara uye aitsamira pamatanda aibva pamadziro kusvikira pamadziro. Aigura matanda akanga ari makapa akafukidzwa namapazi, tsanga, uye zvakafanana. Pamusoro pakanga pane rukoko rwakakora rwevhu rwakanamwa nedongo kana kuti dongo neraimu. Naizvozvo, kuti vapinze munhu akafa mitezo pamberi paJesu, varume vaifanira kuchera denga revhu. Asi chikomborero chakadini pashure pokunge vaita saizvozvo! Kristu akaporesa munhu wacho, uye avo vose vaivapo vakarumbidza Mwari. (2:1-12) Ivimbiso yakadini yokuti Mwanakomana waJehovha achaita kurapa kunoshamisa munyika itsva!
Jesu akaita rimwe ramanenji ake ari muigwa apo akanyaradza dutu remhepo paGungwa reGarirea pashure pokumutswa avete pa“mutsago.” (4:35-41) Mutsago sezviri pachena rwakanga rwusiri rudzi rwakapfava runoshandiswa zvino sechitsamiro chomusoro pamubhedha. Iro ringave raiva zvaro mutsamiro uyo vachairi vamagwa vaigara pauri kana kuti mutsago kana kuti kusheni inobatira sechigaro shure kwegwa. Zvisinei hazvo, apo Jesu akaudza gungwa kuti, “Nyarara, ugadzikane!” avo vaivapo vaiva nohufakazi hwokutenda kunoshanda, nokuti “mhepo ikanyarara, kudzikama kukuru kukavapo.”
Ushumiri muDhekapori
Achiyambuka Gungwa reGarirea, Jesu akapinda muDhekapori, kana kuti nharaunda ina maguta gumi. Kunyange zvazvo aya maguta nenzira isingapanikirwi aiva nezviverengero zvikuru zvavagari vemo zvechiJudha, aiva nzvimbo dzeshambidziko yechiGiriki kana kuti yechiHereni. Ikoku, munyika yavaGerasa, Jesu akasunungura mukubatwa nedhemoni mumwe munhu “waigara mumarinda.”—5:1-20.
Padzimwe nguva, marinda aivezwa padombo aiva nzvimbo dzavavandi vanopenga, matsotsi kana kuti dzimba dzavarombo. (Enzanisa naIsaya 22:16; 65:2-4.) Mukuwirirana nebhuku romuzana ramakore rechi 19, mushanyi wokunharaunda uko Jesu akasangana nouyu ane dhemoni akati nezvomusha wakadaro: “Rinda rakanga rakareba mafiti anenge masere mukati, sezvo kwakanga kune mawere kubva pachikumbaridzo kusvikira kuuriri. Ukuru hwaro hwaiva dzinenge nhano gumi nembiri dzakaenzana kumativi mana; asi, sezvo makanga musina chiedza chaigamuchirwa machiri kunze kwokupfurikidza nesuo, hatina kugona kuona kana makanga mune kamuri romukati somuakati kuti amamwe. Bhokisi rebwe rakakwana raingorambira mukati, uye irori zvino raishandiswa nemhuri sebhokisi rechibage nedzimwe mbuva, zvokuti iri guva rakavezwa rakashatiswa ravakafa nokudaro rakanga rava nzvimbo yakachengeteka, inotonhorera, uye yakakodzera kuvapenyu.”
Jesu Negamuchidzanwa
Pane imwe nhambo, vaFarise navamwe vanyori vakanyunyuta kuti vadzidzi vaJesu vakadya namaoko asina kushambwa. Nokuda kwokubetserwa kwavaravi vaVamarudzi, Marko akatsanangura kuti vaFarise navamwe vaJudha ‘vakanga vasingadyi kutoti vashamba maoko avo kusvikira pagokora.’ Pakudzokera vachibva kumusika, ivo vaingodya bedzi pashure pokuzvichenesa vamene kupfurikidza nokusasa, uye magamuchidzanwa avo akabatanidza “rubhapatidzo rwemikombe nehari nemidziyo yendarira.”—7:1-4, NW.
Kunze kwokuzvisasa vamene nenzira youtsvene pamberi pokudya, ava vaJudha vaibhapatidza, kana kuti kunyudza mumvura, mikombe, hari, uye midziyo yendarira yavaishandisa pazvokudya. Kuti ivo vakanga vakasungwa namagamuchidzanwa sei kwakaratidzirwa nenyanzvi John Lightfoot. Achinokora mabhuku avanarabhi, iye akaratidza kuti ngwariro huru yaipiwa kuudzame hwakadai sechitsama chemvura, tsika, uye nguva inogutsa nokuda kwokushamba. Lightfoot akanokora mashoko manyuko anoratidzira kuti vaJudha vakati vaishamba nokungwarira pamberi pezvokudya kuti vadzivise kuvadziko yaiitwa naShibhita, “mudzimu wakaipa uyo unogara pamaoko avanhu usiku: uye kana vapi navapi vakabata zvokudya zvake namaoko asina kushambwa, mudzimu iwoyo unogara pazvokudya izvozvo, uye kune ngozi inobva kwauri.” Hakushamisi kuti Jesu akashurikidza vanyori navaFarise nokuda kwo‘kurega murairo waMwari vachibatisisa gamuchidzanwa ravanhu’!—7:5-8.
Ushumiri Hwapachena Hwokupedzisira hwaJesu
Pashure pokushuma pamusoro poushumiri hwapashure hwaJesu muGarirea nebasa Rake muPerea, Marko akanangidzira ngwariro pazvinoitika mukati nemakapoteredza Jerusarema. Somuenzaniso, iye akataura pamusoro penhambo apo Kristu akanga achicherechedza vanhu vachidonhedza mari muzvivigiro zvemari zvetembere. Jesu akaona kuti chirikadzi murombo yakapa ‘mari mbiri duku [bedzi] dzoukoshi huduku zvikuru.’ Bva, iye akataura kuti iye akapa zvakawanda kupfuura vamwe vose, nokuti ivo vakapa zvinobva muzvomuraudzo zvavo, nepo ‘mukushaiwa kwake, iye akadonhedzamo yokurarama nayo yose yake.’ (12:41-44) Mukuwirirana norugwaro rwechiGiriki, iye akapa malepta maviri. Lepton yakanga iri mari dukusa yechiJudha yendarira kana kuti bhuronzi, uye ukoshi hwayo hwemari hunodokuva husingakoshi nhasi. Asi uyu mukadzi murombo akaita zvaaigona, achigovera muenzaniso wakaisvonaka wokusava noudyire mukutsigira kunamata kwechokwadi.—2 VaKorinte 9:6, 7.
Sezvo ushumiri hwaJesu hwakaswedera pedyo nomugumo, iye akabvunzwa naPontio Pirato, ane zita nezita rokuremekedza, “mutungamiriri” rinooneka parunyoro rwakawanwa paKesaria muna 1961. Mumaruwa okunze akafanana neJudhea, gavhuna (mutungamiriri) aidzora hondo, aiva nomutoro wokutungamirira zvemari, uye aibatira somutongi anotonga. Pirato aiva nesimba rokusunungura Kristu, asi iye akatera kuvavengi vaJesu ndokutsvaka kugutsa boka kupfurikidza nokumugamuchidza nokuda kwokurovererwa nokusunungura mupondi anopandukira Bharabhasi.—15:1-15.
Kune magamuchidzanwa akasiana-siana pamusoro poupenyu hwapashure hwaPirato norufu. Somuenzaniso, wezvenhau Eusebius akanyora, kuti: “Pirato amene, gavhuna womuzuva roMuponesi wedu, akabatanidzwa mungwavaira dzakadaro zvokuti iye akamanikidzirwa kuva muurayi wake amene nokuzviranga amene noruoko rwake amene: ruramisiro youmwari, kunoratidzika kudaro, haina kunonoka kumusvikira.” Pasinei zvapo nokubvira kwakadaro, zvisinei, rufu rwerevo hurusa rwaiva urwo rwaJesu. Mukuru mukuru wehondo weRoma (mukuru wezana) uyo akapupurira rufu rwaKristu nezvinoitika zvechienzi zvakarupoteredza akataura zvokwadi zvamazvirokwazvo paakati: “Zvirokwazvo, munhu uyu wakanga ari Mwanakomana waMwari.”—15:33-39.
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 30]
Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 31]
Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums; photograph from Israel Museum, Jerusalem