Chikamu 1
Upenyu Hune Dzonzo Here?
1. Chii chinowanzobvunzwa pamusoro pedonzo roupenyu, uye mumwe munhu akatsinhira sei pamusoro paro?
Pane imwe nguva, anodokuva munhu ari wose anoshamisika nechiri donzo roupenyu. Kushanda zvakaoma kuvandudza migariro yedu yokurarama, kugovera mhuri dzedu, kufa pashure zvichida pamakore 70 kana kuti 80, uye ipapo kusavapo nokusingaperi here? Mumwe munhu muduku airangarira neiyi nzira akataura kuti hakuna rimwe donzo muupenyu rinopfuura “kurarama, kuva navana, kuva anofara uye ipapo kufa.” Asi ikoko ichokwadi here? Uye ko rufu runorigumisa chaizvoizvo here?
2, 3. Neiko kuwanwa kwepfuma yokunyama risiri donzo rakakwana muupenyu?
2 Vazhinji vari munyika dzose dziri mbiri dzokuMabvazuva nedzokuMadokero vanorangarira kuti donzo guru mukurarama kuwana pfuma yokunyama. Ivo vanodavira kuti ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kuupenyu hunofadza, hune revo. Asi zvakadiniko nezvavanhu vanotova nepfuma yokunyama? Mumwe munyori weCanada Harry Bruce akati: “Chiverengero chinokatyamadza chavapfumi chinoti havafari.” Iye akawedzera, kuti: “Nzvero dzinokarakadza kuti kusava netariro kunotyisa kwakatapura North America . . . Ko munhu upi noupi anofara here imomo? Kana zvakadaro, chiiko chiri chakavanzika?”
3 Aichimbova purezidhendi weU.S. Jimmy Carter akati: “Takawana kuti kuva nezvinhu nokushandisa zvinhu hakusati kuchigutsa chishuvo chedu cherevo. . . . Kuunganidza zvinhu zvokunyama hakugoni kugutsa kusava namaturo kwoupenyu husina chivimbo kana kuti donzo.” Uye mumwe mutungamiriri wezvamatongerwe enyika akati: “Ini kwamakore anoverengeka zvino ndave ndakabatikana mukunzvera kwakakomba zvokwadi pamusoro pangu ndimene noupenyu hwangu; vamwe vanhu vakawanda vandinoziva vari kuita zvimwe chetezvo. Vanhu vakawanda kupfuura nakare kose vari kubvunza kuti, ‘Tiri vanaani? Chii chiri donzo redu?’”
Migariro Yakaoma Zvikuru
4. Neiko vamwe vachipanikira kuti upenyu hune donzo ripi neripi?
4 Vakawanda vanopanikira kuti upenyu hune donzo apo ivo vanoona kuti migariro yokurarama yazova yakaoma zvikuru. Munyika yose vanhu vanopfuura bhirioni imwe vanorwara zvakakomba kana vanodya zvisina kukwana, kuchiguma nokufa kwavana vane mamirioni gumi gore rimwe nerimwe muAfrica moga. Chiverengero chavagari vapasi, chava kusvika mabhirioni matanhatu, chinopfuurira kukura naanopfuura mamirioni 90 pagore, inopfuura 90 muzana yokukura ikoko munyika dziri kubudirira. Ichi chiverengero chavagari chinokura nguva dzose chinowedzera kudikanwa kwezvokudya, dzimba, uye mabasa okugadzira zvinhu, uko kunounza imwe kuvadziko kunyika, mvura, uye mhepo inobva kuzvinoshatisa zvomumabasa okugadzira zvinhu nezvimwe.
5. Chii chiri kuitika kumiti pasi pano?
5 Chinyorwa chinonzi World Military and Social Expenditures 1991 chinoshuma, kuti: “Gore riri rose nharaunda yedondo yakaenzana napamusoro pose pe[Great Britain] inoparadzwa. Pamwero yazvino (yokutema) tichave, panosvika gore ra 2000, tabvisa 65 muzana yamatondo munharaunda dzinopisa dzapasi dzine mwando.” Munharaunda idzodzo, mukuwirirana nesangano reCM, miti gumi inotemwa nokuda kwomumwe uri wose unosimwa; muAfrica reshiyo inopfuura 20 kumumwe. Naizvozvo nharaunda dzerenje dzinowedzera, uye gore rimwe nerimwe nharaunda yakakura seBelgium inorasika nokuda kwokurimwa.
6, 7. Ndezvipi zviri zvimwe zvezvinetso izvo vatungamiriri vavanhu vasingakwanisi kupedza, naizvozvo mibvunzoi inoda kupindurwa?
6 Uyewo, zana rino ramakore rechi 20 rakava nenzufu dzakawanda nekana dzinobva muhondo kupfuura mazana mana amakore apfuura aiswa pamwe chete. Munzvimbo iri yose, mune wedzero muutsotsi, zvikurukuru utsotsi hwamasimba masimba. Kupunzika kwemhuri, kushandiswa zvisakafanira kwemirimo, AIDS, hosha dzinopfuudzwa muvatano, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvakaipa zviri kuitawo kuti upenyu huve hwakaoma zvikuru. Uye vatungamiriri venyika havasati vakwanisa kugovera mishonga yezvinetso zvakawanda zvinotambudza mhuri yavanhu. Nokudaro, kunonzwisisika chikonzero nei vanhu vachibvunza kuti, Chii chiri donzo roupenyu?
7 Mubvunzo iwoyo wakabatwa sei nenyanzvi navatungamiriri vorudzidziso? Pashure paaya mazana ose amakore akawanda enguva, ko ivo vakagovera mhinduro inogutsa here?
Chavanotaura
8, 9. (a) Chii chakataura nyanzvi yechiChina pamusoro pedonzo roupenyu? (b) Chii chakataura mupukunyuki wenzufu dzomumisasa yeNazi?
8 Nyanzvi yaConfucius Tu Wei-Ming yakati: “Revo hurusa youpenyu inowanwa mukuvapo kwedu kwenhando, kwavanhu.” Mukuwirirana nouyu murangariro, vanhu vaizopfuurira kuberekwa, kuparapatikira kuvapo, uye kufa. Mumurangariro wakadaro mune tariro duku. Uye unombova wechokwadi here?
9 Elie Wiesel, mupukunyuki wenzufu dzomumisasa yeNazi muHondo yeNyika II, akati: “‘Neiko tiri pano?’ ndiwo mubvunzo unokosha zvikurusa munhu anofanira kutarisana nawo. . . . Ndinodavira kuti upenyu hune revo pasinei zvapo norufu rusina revo rwandakaona.” Asi aisagona kutaura chaiva revo youpenyu.
10, 11. (a) Mumwe mupepeti wenhau akaratidza sei kuti munhu haana mhinduro? (b) Neiko murangariro womusayendisiti wezvemhindumupindu usingagutsi?
10 Mupepeti wenhau Vermont Royster akati: “Mukurangarirwa kwomunhu amene, . . . kwenzvimbo yake muchisiko chino chose, tafamba zvishomanene kupfuura apo nguva yakavamba. Tichine mibvunzo yokuti tiri vanaani uye nei tiripo uye kwatiri kuenda.”
11 Musayendisiti wezvemhindumupindu Stephen Jay Gould akati: “Tingashuva mhinduro ‘yakakwirira zvikuru’—asi hapana iripo.” Nokuda kwavezvemhindumupindu vakadaro, upenyu kuparapatika kwokupukunyuka kwavakasimba zvikurusa, rufu ruchikugumisa. Mumurangariro iwoyo hamunawo tariro. Uye, zvakare, ndowechokwadi here?
12, 13. Ndeipi iri mirangariro yavatungamiriri vechechi, uye inombogutsa here kupfuura iyo yavacherechedzi venyika?
12 Vatungamiriri vazhinji vorudzidziso vanotaura kuti donzo roupenyu kurarama, kuvapo kwakanaka kuitira kuti parufu mweya womunhu ugogona kuenda kudenga ndokugarako nokusingagumi. Chimwe chinhu chinopiwa nokuda kwavanhu vakaipa kutambudzwa kusingagumi muhero yomwoto. Bva, mukuwirirana neichi chitendero, pasi pano paizopfuurira kuva nokwakawanda kwokuvapo kumwe cheteku kusingagutsi kwakapararira munhau yose. Asi kana donzo raMwari raiva rokuita kuti vanhu vararame mudenga kufanana nengirozi, neiko asina kungovasika nenzira iyoyo pakutanga, sezvo akaita ngirozi?
13 Kunyange vafundisi vane chinetso nemirangariro yakadaro. Dr. W. R. Inge, aichimbova mukuru weSt. Paul’s Cathedral muLondon, akamboti: “Upenyu hwangu hwose ndakaparapatika kuti ndiwane donzo rokurarama. Ndakaedza kupindura zvinetso zvitatu izvo nguva dzose zvairatidzika kwandiri kuva zvikuru: chinetso chokusaguma; chinetso chohunhu hwomunhu; uye chinetso chezvakaipa. Ndakundikana. Handina kupedza chimwe chazvo.”
Muuyo
14, 15. Muuyoi une mirangariro inorwisana pavanhu vakawanda?
14 Chii chiri muuyo wepfungwa dzakawanda kwazvo dzakasiana-siana dzinopiwa nenyanzvi navatungamiriri vorudzidziso pamubvunzo wedonzo roupenyu? Vazhinji vanopindura sezvakaita mumwe murume akwegura uyo akati: “Ndave ndichibvunza chikonzero nei ndiri pano uzhinjisa hwoupenyu hwangu. Kana pane donzo, handinazve basa nazvo.”
15 Chiverengero chakati chinocherechedza kuwanda kwemirangariro iri pakati pamarudzidziso enyika chinogumisa kuti icho munhu anotenda hachikoshi chaizvoizvo. Ivo vanorangarira kuti rudzidziso inongovawo zvayo varaidzo nokuda kwendangariro, chimwe chinhu chokugovera rugare rushomanene rwendangariro nenyaradzo kuti munhu agogona kugonana nezvinetso zvoupenyu. Vamwe vanorangarira kuti rudzidziso runongova zvarwo kutenda mashura. Ivo vanorangarira kuti mazana amakore efungidziro yorudzidziso haana kupindura mubvunzo pamusoro pedonzo roupenyu, uyewo haina kuvandudza upenyu hwavanhuwo zvavo. Zvamazvirokwazvo, nhau inoratidza kuti marudzidziso enyika ino kazhinji kazhinji akadzivisa rudzi rwomunhu kufambira mberi uye ave ari chisakiso choruvengo nehondo.
16. Kuwana donzo roupenyu kunogona kuva kunokosha sei?
16 Bva, kunombova kunokosha here kuwana zvokwadi pamusoro pedonzo roupenyu? Nyanzvi youtano hwendangariro Viktor Frankl yakapindura, kuti: “Kuvavarira kuwana revo muupenyu hwomunhu isimba guru rinosunda mumunhu. . . . Hapana chinhu chiri munyika, ndinotsunga kudaro, chingabetsera munhu nenzira inobudirira kwazvo kupukunyuka kunyange migariro yakaipisisa, sezivo yokuti muupenyu hwomunhu mune revo.”
17. Mibvunzoi zvino tinofanira kubvunza?
17 Sezvo uzivi hwavanhu namarudzidziso zvisina kutsanangura zvinogutsa chiri donzo roupenyu, ndokupi kwatinogona kuenda kuti tiwane chariri? Pane manyuko here ouchenjeri hukuru anogona kutiudza zvokwadi pamusoro peiyi nhau?
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]
“Gore riri rose nharaunda yedondo yakaenzana napamusoro pose pe[Great Britain] inoparadzwa”
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 5]
“Ndave ndichibvunza chikonzero nei ndiri pano uzhinjisa hwoupenyu hwangu”