Bhuku reBhaibheri Nhamba 25—Mariro

Munyori: Jeremia

Nzvimbo Yakanyorerwa: Pedyo neJerusarema

Kunyora Kwakapedzwa: 607 B.C.E.

1. Neiko bhuku raMariro rakatumidzwa zita rakafanira?

IRI bhuku raMagwaro akafuridzirwa rakatumidzwa zita rakafanira zvirokwazvo. Kurira kunoratidzira rusuruvaro rukuru pamusoro pechakaitika ichecho chine ngwavaira munhau yavanhu vakasarudzwa vaMwari, kuparadzwa kweJerusarema muna 607 B.C.E. kwakaitwa naNebhukadnezari, mambo weBhabhironi. MuchiHebheru iri bhuku rinotumidzwa neshoko raro rokutanga,ʼEh·khahʹ!, kureva “Haiwa!” Vashanduri veSeptuagint yechiGiriki vakaidza bhuku racho kuti Threʹnoi, iro rinoreva “Kuchema; Mariro.” Talmud yeBhabhironi inoshandisa shoko rokuti Qi·nohthʹ, iro rinoreva “Kuchema; Nhetembwa dzamariro.” Akanga ari Jerome, achinyora muchiLatin, uyo akaritumidza kuti Lamentationes, umo munobva musoro wechiShona.

2. Bhuku raMariro rakarongwa uye rakaiswa sei muBhaibheri?

² Mushanduro dzechiShona dzeBhaibheri, bhuku raMariro rinoiswa pashure peraJeremia, asi mundaza yamanyoro matsvene yechiHebheru, anowanzowanwa muHagiographa, kana kuti Manyoro, pamwe chete noRwiyo rwaSoromoni, Rute, Muparidzi, uye Estere—boka duku pamwe chete richizivikanwa seMeghil·lohthʹ (Mipumburu) mishanu. MumaBhaibheri azvino uno echiHebheru, rinoiswa pakati paRute kana kuti Estere naMuparidzi, asi mumakopi ekare rinotaurwa kuve rakatevera Jeremia, sezvarinoita muBhaibheri redu nhasi.

3, 4. Ufakazii huripo hwokunyora kwaJeremia?

³ Bhuku racho haridudzi munyori. Bva, pane panikiro duku yokuti akanga ari Jeremia. MuSeptuagint yechiGiriki, bhuku racho rine iyi sumo, inoti: “Uye kwakaitika kuti, pashure pokunge Israeri atapwa uye Jerusarema raitwa dongo, Jeremia akagara pasi achichema uye akarira naaya mariro pamusoro peJerusarema ndokuti.” Jerome akarangarira aya mashoko kuva enhema ndokuasiya mushanduro yake. Zvisinei, kuti bhuku raMariro rakanyorwa naJeremia igamuchidzanwa rinogamuchirwa ravaJudha uye rinosimbiswa neshanduro yeSiria, Vulgate yechiLatin, Targum yaJonathan, uye Talmud yeBhabhironi, pakati pedzimwe.

⁴ Vamwe vatsoropodzi vakaedza kubvumikisa kuti Jeremia haana kunyora bhuku raMariro. Zvisinei, A Commentary on the Holy Bible inodudza soufakazi hwokunyora kwaJeremia “kurondedzerwa kwakajeka kweJerusarema mumaganh. 2 ne4, uko sezviri pachena kuri rondedzero dzechapupu chakaona; nenzira yakafanana chimiro chokunzwira tsitsi chakasimba nomudzimu wouporofita wenhetembwa dzose, pamwe chete nomunyorerwe wadzo, kurongwa kwamashoko, uye mufungo, uko kwose kunoratidzira kwazvo kwaJeremia.”a Mubhuku raMariro naJeremia mune kutaura kwakawanda kunowirirana, kwakadai souko kworusuruvaro rwakanyanyisa rwa‘meso anoyerera mvura (misodzi)’ (Mariro 1:16; 2:11; 3:48, 49; Jer. 9:1; 13:17; 14:17) nouko kwokusemburwa navaporofita navaprista nemhaka youshati hwavo. (Mariro 2:14; 4:13, 14; Jer. 2:34; 5:30, 31; 14:13, 14) Zvikamu zvamashoko zviri pana Jeremia 8:18-22 uye Jer 14:17, 18 zvinoratidza kuti Jeremia akanga achikwanisa zvikuru munyorerwe wokuchema waMariro.

5. Tinosvika panguva yokunyora kupfurikidza nokurangarirai?

⁵ Nguva yokunyora inowanzobvumwa kuve yaiva nokukurumidza pashure pokuwa kweJerusarema muna 607 B.C.E. Kutyisa kwezvose zviri zviviri kukomberedzwa nokupiswa kweguta zvakanga zvichiri zvitsva mundangariro yaJeremia, uye shungu dzake dzinoratidzirwa zvakajeka. Mumwe mutsinhiri anotsinhira kuti hapana rutivi rumwe rwokusuruvara rwunoshandiswa zvizere munzvimbo ipi neipi inopiwa, asi rumwe norumwe runodzokera rwadzokerazve munhetembwa dzinoverengeka. Ipapo anoti: “Uku kuvhiringidzika kwomufungo . . . ndihumwe hwoufakazi hwakasimba zvikurusa kwazvo hwokuti bhuku racho riri pedyo nezviitiko nemirangariro zvarinoda kupa.”b

6. Chii chiri chinofadza mumunyorero nokuvakwa kwebhuku raMariro?

⁶ Kuvakwa kwaMariro ndokwefariro huru kunyanzvi dzeBhaibheri. Kune maganhuro mashanu, ndiko kuti, nhetembwa shanu dzamashoko enziyo. Ina dzokutanga inhetembwa, ndima imwe neimwe ichivamba nenzira inotevedzana nerimwe ramabhii 22 amaarufabheti echiHebheru. Kuno rumwe rutivi, ganhuro rechitatu rine ndima 66, zvokuti ndima 3 dzinotevedzana dzinovamba nebhii rimwe chetero dzisati dzapfuurira kune bhii rinotevera. Nhetembwa yechishanu haisati iri nhetembwa, kunyange zvazvo ine ndima 22.

7. Jeremia anoratidzira nhamoi, asi itariroi inosara?

⁷ Bhuku raMariro rinoratidzira nhamo huru pakukomberedzwa, kutapwa, uye kuparadzwa kweJerusarema zvakaitwa naNebhukadnezari, uye harikurirwi mumabhuku api naapi nokuda kwokujeka kwaro nokunzwisa tsitsi. Munyori anoratidzira kusuruvara kukuru pamusoro pokuitwa dongo, nhamo, uye nyongano zvaanoona. Nzara, munondo, uye zvimwe zvinotyisa zvaparira kutambura kunotyisa kuguta—zvose sechirango chakananga chinobva kuna Mwari, nokuda kwezvivi zvavanhu, vaporofita, uye vaprista. Zvisinei, tariro nokutenda Jehovha zvinosara, uye kwaari kunoenda minyengetero yokudzorerwa.

ZVIRI MUBHUKU RAMARIRO

8. Kuitwa dongoi kunorondedzerwa munhetembwa yokutanga, asi Jerusarema rinotaurwa somunhu rinotaura sei iro rimene?

⁸ “Haiwa, guta, rakanga rizere navanhu, rinogara sei riri roga!” Nhetembwa yokutanga inovamba nenzira iyeyo kuchema kwayo. Mwanasikana weZioni akanga ari muchindakadzi, asi vadiwa vake vakamusiya uye vanhu vake vakapinda muutapwa. Masuo ake akaitwa matongo. Jehovha akamuranga nokuda kwokuwanda kwokudarika kwake. Akarasikirwa noukomba hwake. Vavengi vake vakaseka kuwa kwake. Akawa nenzira inoshamisa uye haana munyaradzi, uye vanhu vake vakasara vane nzara. Iye (Jerusarema rinotaurwa somunhu) anobvunza, kuti: “Kune kurwadzwa kupi nokupi kuriko kwakafanana nokurwadzwa kwangu here?” Anotambanudza maoko ake ndokuti: “Jehovha wakarurama, nokuti ndakamukira murayiro wake.” (1:1, 12, NW, 18) Anokumbira Jehovha kuti aunze ngwavaira pavavengi vake vanofara, kunyange sezvaakaita paari.

9. (a) Ngwavaira yakawira Jerusarema ichibva kuna ani? (b) Jeremia anotaura sei nezvokunyombwa kwakatutirwa pariri uye nezvemamiriro ezvinhu anotyisa muguta?

⁹ “Haiwa Jehovha akafukidza sei mwanasikana weZioni mukutsamwa kwake!” (2:1, NW) Nhetembwa yechipiri inoratidza kuti ndiJehovha amene akawisira pasi runako rwaIsraeri. Akaparira kuti mutambo neSabata zvikanganwikwe, uye akarasa atari yake nenzvimbo tsvene. Haiwa, zviono zvinosuruvarisa sei muJerusarema! Jeremia anokuwa, kuti: “Meso angu apera nemisodzi, mwoyo wangu unotambudzika; chiropa changu chadururirwa pasi, nemhaka yokuparadzwa kwomukunda wavanhu vangu.” (2:11) Achafananidza mwanasikana weJerusarema nechii? Achanyaradza sei mwanasikana weZioni? Vaporofita vake amene vakabvumikisa kuva vasina maturo navasingagutsi. Zvino vapfuuri vanomuseka nenzira yokunyomba, vachiti: “Ko ndiro guta rainzi navanhu: Rakanaka-naka kwazvo, mufaro wenyika yose” here? (2:15) Vavengi vake vakashamisa miromo yavo ndokuridza muridzo ndokugeda-geda meno avo, vachiti, ‘Iri ndiro zuva ratakatarira kumumedza.’ Vana vake vanoziya nenzara, uye vakadzi vanodya vana vavo vamene. Zvitunha zvakazara mumigwagwa. “Hakuna wakapukunyuka kana wakasara pazuva rokutsamwa kwaJehovha.”—2:16, 22.

10. Sehwaro hwetariro, Jeremia anodudza mavarai aMwari?

¹⁰ Nhetembwa yechitatu, yendima 66, inosimbisa tariro yeZioni mungoni dzaMwari. Kupfurikidza nemifananidziro yakawanda muporofita wacho anoratidza kuti ndiJehovha uyo akaunza utapwa nokuitwa dongo. Mukukasharara kwamamiriro ezvinhu, munyori anokumbira Mwari kuyeuka nhamo yake ndokuratidzira kutenda mutsitsi dzorudo nengoni zvaJehovha. Ndima nhatu dzinotevedzana dzinovamba na“Zvakanaka” uye dzinoratidza kukodzera kwokumirira ruponeso runobva kuna Jehovha. (3:25-27) Jehovha akaparira nhamo, asi acharatidzawo ngoni. Asi kwazvino, pasinei hapo nokubvumwa kwokupanduka, Jehovha haana kukanganwa; akavhara minyengetero yavanhu vake ndokuvaita “marara nezvinorashwa.” (3:45) Nemisodzi inorwadza muporofita wacho anoyeuka kuti vavengi vake vakamuvhima sezvinoitwa shiri. Zvisinei, Jehovha akaswedera pedyo naye mugomba ndokuti: “Usatya.” Anokumbira Jehovha kuti apindure ruzvidzo rwavavengi: “Muchadzingana navo makatsamwa, nokuvaparadza pasi pedenga raJehovha.”—3:57, 66.

11. Kutsamwa kukuru kwaJehovha kwakadururwa munzirai paZioni, uye neiko?

¹¹ “Haiwa, ndarama yasviba sei!” (4:1) Nhetembwa yechina inochema mbiri yadzimaidzika yetembere yaJehovha, ina mabwe anokandirwa mumigwagwa. Vanakomana vanokosha veZioni vava voukoshi huduku, sezvirongo zvevhu. Hakuna mvura kana kuti zvokudya, uye avo vakarererwa muumbozha “votsivama pamaturunhuru.” (4:5) Chirango chakatokura zvikuru kupfuura icho nokuda kwechivi cheSodhoma. VaNaziri, vaichimbova ‘vakachena zvikuru kupfuura chando uye vakachena zvikuru kupfuura mukaka,’ vazova vaka“sviba kupfuura mazimbe” uye vose vafunyana. (4:7, 8) Kwaiva nani kuve vakaurawa nomunondo panokufa nenzara, panguva apo vakadzi vakabika vana vavo vamene! Jehovha akadurura kutsamwa kwake kukuru. Zvisingadavirike zvakaitika—muvengi akapinda mumasuo eJerusarema! Asi neiko? “Nokuda kwezvivi zvavaporofita varo, nezvakaipa zvavaprista varo,” avo vakateura ropa rakarurama. (4:13) Chiso chaJehovha hachisiri kwavari. Zvisinei, chikanganiso chomwanasikana weZioni chasvika pamugumo wacho, uye haasati achizopinzwazve muutapwa. Zvino rava jana rako, Haiwa mwanasikana weEdhomi, rokunwa mukombe unovava waJehovha!

12. Mukumbiroi wokuzvininipisa unoitwa munhetembwa yechishanu?

¹² Nhetembwa yechishanu inotanga nomukumbiro kuna Jehovha kuti ayeuke vanhu vake vari nherera. Vagari veJerusarema vanofananidzwa savanotaura. Madzibaba avo ndiwo akatadza, uye vanhu vanofanira kutakura chikanganiso chavo zvino. Vabatiriwo zvavo vanovatonga, uye vanotambudzwa namarwadzo enzara. Mufaro womwoyo wavo wapera, uye kutamba kwavo kwakachinjwa kuva kuchema. Vanorwara pamwoyo. Nokuzvininipisa vanobvuma Jehovha, vachiti: “Imi Jehovha muripo nokusingaperi; chigaro chenyu choushe chiripo kusvikira kumarudzi namarudzi.” Vanodanidzira, kuti: “Tidzoserei kwamuri, Jehovha, ipapo tichadzoka; vandudzai mazuva edu ave sakare. Asi makatirasha chose here? Makatitsamwira zvikuru here?”—5:19-22.

CHIKONZERO NEI RICHIBETSERA

13. Bhuku raMariro rinoratidzira chivimboi, bva neiko richibetsera mukuratidza ukombi hwaMwari?

¹³ Bhuku raMariro rinoratidzira chivimbo chakakwana chaJeremia muna Mwari. Mukusuruvara kukuru kwazvo nokukundwa kukuru, asina chose chose tariro yenyaradzo inobva kumanyuko api naapi avanhu, muporofita anotarira mberi kuruponeso runoitwa noruoko rwaMwari mukuru wechisiko chose, Jehovha. Bhuku raMariro rinofanira kukurudzira kuteerera nokuperera muvanamati vose vechokwadi, nepo panguva imwe cheteyo richigovera nyevero inotyisa pamusoro paavo vanozvidza zita gurusa neicho rinomirira. Nhau hairatidzi rimwe guta rakaparadzwa rakachemwa mumutauro wakadaro unosiririsa nounotapura. Zvirokwazvo nderebetsero mukurondedzera ukombi hwaMwari kuna avo vanopfuurira kuva vanopanduka, vakaoma mutsipa, uye vasingapfidzi.

14. Inyeveroi dzoumwari nouporofita zvinoratidzwa nebhuku raMariro kuva zvinozadzikwa, uye bhuku racho rinobatana sei namamwe manyoro akafuridzirwa?

¹⁴ Bhuku raMariro rinobetserawo mukuratidza kuzadzika kwenyevero dzoumwari dzakati nouporofita. (Mariro 1:2—Jer. 30:14; Mariro 2:15—Jer. 18:16; Mariro 2:17—Revh. 26:17; Mariro 2:20—Dheut. 28:53) Cherekedzawo kuti bhuku raMariro rinogovera chipupuriro chakajeka kuzadziko yaDheuteronomio 28:63-65. Uyezve, bhuku racho rine nongedzero dzakati kuna mamwe mativi aMagwaro matsvene. (Mariro 2:15—Pis. 48:2; Mariro 3:24—Pis. 119:57) Dhanieri 9:5-14 anotsigira Mariro 1:5 uye 3:42 mukuratidza kuti ngwavaira yakauya nokuda kwokudarika kwavanhu vamene.

15. Bhuku raMariro rinonongedzera mberi ku“mazuva[i] matsva”?

¹⁵ Mumiriro wezvinhu une ngwavaira weJerusarema unorwadza zvirokwazvo! Pakati paikoku kwose, bhuku raMariro rinotaura chivimbo chokuti Jehovha acharatidza tsitsi dzorudo nengoni uye kuti achayeuka Zioni ndokuridzorera. (Mariro 3:31, 32; 4:22) Rinoratidzira tariro mu“mazuva matsva” akafanana namazuva akare apo Madzimambo Dhavhidhi naSoromoni vaitonga muJerusarema. Kuchine sungano yaJehovha naDhavhidhi youmambo husingaperi! “Ngoni dzake hadziperi zvirokwazvo. Itsva mangwanani mamwe namamwe.” Uye dzichapfuurira kuna avo vanoda Jehovha kutozosvikira, mukutonga kwake kwakarurama kwoUmambo, chisikwa chiri chose chinorarama chakuwa mukuonga, kuti: “Jehovha ndiye mugove wangu.”—5:21; 3:22-24, NW.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]