Chirwere Chaityiwa Zvikuru Chomuzana Remakore rechi19
Raiva gore ra1854, uye vanhu vakanga vaitazve murakatira muLondon pamusana pedenda rekorera—chirwere chemudumbu chinoita kuti munhu aite manyoka uye arasikirwe nemvura yakawanda mumuviri. Chirwere chacho chaiti chikabata munhu aisararama kwenguva refu. Vanhu vakawanda vaimuka vaine utano hwakanaka vaizenge vafa pakudoka kwezuva. Hapana mushonga waizivikanwa waigona kurapa chirwere ichi.
NDICHO chirwere chaityiwa zvikuru muzana iroro remakore, uye vanhu vakanga vasingazivi kuti chaikonzerwa nei. Vamwe vaifunga kuti korera yaikonzerwa nokufema mweya unonhuwa unobva pazvinhu zvakaora. Zvavaifungidzira zvaiita sezvine musoro. Rwizi runonzi Thames runopfuura nemuLondon, rwainhuwa zvisingaite. Mhepo yainhuwa iyi ndiyo yaiva nechirwere chacho here?
Makore mashanu akanga apfuura, mumwe chiremba ainzi John Snow akanga ataura kuti korera yaisakonzerwa nemhepo yakasviba asi yaikonzerwa nemvura yakasviba. Mumwe chiremba ainzi William Budd aifunga kuti pane tunhu twupenyu twaiva neutachiona hunokonzera chirwere chacho.
Vanhu pavakaita murakatira mugore ra1854, Snow akaedza kuona kuti zvaakanga aona ndezvechokwadi here kuburikidza nokuongorora upenyu hwevaya vakanga vabata korera mune imwe nzvimbo inonzi Soho iri muLondon. Akazvibvunza kuti, ‘Vanhu ava vakafanana pakudini?’ Ongororo yaSnow yakaita kuti vanhu vawane chimwe chinhu chaishamisa. Vose vakabatwa nekorera munzvimbo iyoyo vaiwana mvura yokunwa papombi imwe chete, uye mvura yacho yakanga yakasvibiswa netsvina yaiva neutachiona hwekorera!a
Gore rimwe chete iroro pakava nekubudirira munyaya dzekurapa, mumwe musayendisiti wokuItaly anonzi Filippo Pacini paakabudisa pepa raitsanangura nezvechinokonzera korera. Zvisinei, kwenguva yakareba vanhu havana kuva nebasa nezvaakanga atsvakurudza uye nezvakanga zvaonekwa naSnow naBudd. Dambudziko rekorera rakaramba richingoenderera kuzosvikira muna 1858.
“Kunhuwa Kusingaite”
Paramende yaiita zvokunonozeka pakugadzira pombi itsva dzokurasa tsvina kuti vachenese rwizi rwaThames, asi mhepo inopisa yakaitika muchirimo cha1858 yakaita kuti vagadzirise nokukurumidza. Munhuwi waibva murwizi rwacho waipfuura nepaimba yeparamende wakanga wakanyanya zvokuti vaishandira ipapo vaitofanira kuisa machira akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya utachiona pamahwindo avo vachiitira kuti vasafema munhuwi wacho. Paramende yakamhanya-mhanya pamusana pekunhuwa uku kwakaita mbiri. Mumazuva 18, paramende yakarayira kuti pombi itsva dzokurasa tsvina dzigadzirwe.
Kwakagadzirwa pombi dzakakura dzaitambira tsvina isati yasvika kurwizi dzoiendesa kumabvazuva kweLondon kwayaizoyerera yoenda kugungwa. Zvakaguma zvaitika zvaishamisa. Matambudziko ekorera akapera pombi itsva dzokurasa tsvina padzakatanga kushanda muLondon.
Kusvika panguva iyoyo, chokwadi chakanga chava pachena: Korera yaisakonzerwa nemhepo inonhuwa asi yaikonzerwa nemvura ine utachiona kana kuti zvokudya zvine utachiona. Uyewo zvakanga zvava pachena kuti mushonga mukuru wokudzivirira chirwere chacho utsanana.
Mutemo Wakapiwa Pachine Nguva
Zviuru zvemakore korera isati yasakadza London, Mosesi akatungamirira rudzi rwevaIsraeri kubuda muIjipiti. Kunyange zvazvo vakafamba murenje reSinai kwemakore anenge 40, vaIsraeri havana kumboita matenda akaita sekorera. Chii chakaita kuti zvidaro?
Rudzi rwacho rwakapiwa murayiro wokuti vafushire tsvina yevanhu munzvimbo yaiva kure nemusasa kuitira kuti nzvimbo yavaigara uye paibva mvura yavo yokushandisa pasaita zvinokonzera zvirwere. Murayiro iwoyo wakanyorwa muBhaibheri pana Dheuteronomio 23:12, 13 unoti:
“Iva nenzvimbo kunze kwemisasa kwaungaendera. Unofanira kuvawo nechokuchera nacho pakati penhumbi dzako dzokurwa nadzo; zvino kana wobuda kunze, unofanira kuchera nacho, ugofusira tsvina yako.”—“Bhaibheri Rinoera.”
Murayiro iwoyo waidzivirira vaIsraeri pazvirwere zvaitambudza mamwe marudzi akanga akavapoteredza. Utsanana hwakadaro hwakabatsirawo kuti vanhu vasafa munguva ichangopfuura.b Chimboona mumwe muenzaniso.
“Hatina Kumbova Nedambudziko”
Mumakore okuma1970, Zvapupu zvaJehovha zvakawanda zvakabva muMalawi pamusana pokuti zvaitambudzwa. Zvakachengeteka muMozambique yaiva pedyo, maiva nevarume, vakadzi uye vana vaipfuura 30 000 vaigara mumisasa yevapoteri. Vanhu vakawanda vanoziva kuti zvirwere zvinokonzerwa nemvura yakasviba zvinowanzopararira mumisasa yevapoteri. Saka chii chakaitika kuZvapupu zvacho mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro?
Lemon Kabwazi, pamwe chete nevamwe vanhu 17 000 vaigara mumusasa mukuru pane yose kuMlangeni. Anoyeuka kuti: “Musasa wacho waichengetwa wakachena nguva dzose. Zvimbuzi zvegomba zvaicherwa kunze kwemusasa uye hapana aibvumirwa kuchera chake chimbuzi mukati memusasa. Makomba emarara aicherwawo kure nemusasa. Vanhu vaizvipira kutarisira zvose zvine chokuita neutsanana, kusanganisira kuona kuti mvura yaibva mumatsime aicherwa mune imwe nzvimbo kunze kwemusasa yakachena. Kunyange zvazvo tainge takawandisa, taitevedzera mirayiro yemuBhaibheri yerucheno, saka hatina kumboita dambudziko rechirwere, uye hapana akamborwara nekorera.”
Zvinosuruvarisa kuti mune dzimwe nyika, misha haisati yava nezvokurasa tsvina zvakanyatsokwana. Zvirwere zvinokonzerwa netsvina yevanhu zvinourayisa vana vanenge 5 000 zuva nezuva.
Kunyange zvazvo korera nezvimwewo zvirwere zvichigona kudzivirirwa uye kunyange zvinoedza kuitwa nevanhu pautsanana zvave zvichibatsira, Bhaibheri rinopa tariro yokuti munguva pfupi iri kuuya urwere hwose huchapedzwa. Zvakazarurwa 21:4 inoti Umambo hwaMwari pahuchatonga, “rufu haruchazovipo, kana kuchema kana kuridza mhere kana kurwadziwa hazvingazovipozve.” Bhaibheri rinovimbisa kuti panguva iyoyo: “Hakuna mugari wemo achati: ‘Ndiri kurwara.’”—Isaya 33:24.
Kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvezvichaitirwa vanhu neUmambo hwaMwari, ona zvitsauko 3 ne8 zvebhuku rinonzi Bhaibheri Rinombodzidzisei Chaizvo? rakabudiswa neZvapupu zvaJehovha.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Kunyange zvazvo zvimbudzi zvokugweja mvura zvakanga zvavako muna 1854, nzira yokufambisa tsvina yaiita kuti tsvina yevanhu iyerere nemupombi kuenda kurwizi rwaThames, uye ndimo maibva mvura yakawanda yokunwa.
b Sezvo korera ichikonzerwa nezvokudya kana kuti mvura yakasviba ine utachiona, mushonga mukuru wokuidzivirira ndewokungwarira zvose zvauchaisa mumukanwa. Zvinokosha zvikuru kuchenesa mvura uye kunyatsobika zvokudya kuti tidzivirirwe.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 13]
Rwizi rwaThames rwaiyerera nemuLondon uye rwakanga rwasvibiswa netsvina yaiva neutachiona hwekorera, zvinoratidzwa nemifananidzo yakawanda yemunguva iyoyo
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 14]
Varume, vakadzi uye vana vanopfuura 30 000 vaigara mumisasa yevapoteri yaichengetwa yakachena nguva dzose muMozambique
[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 12]
Death on Thames: © Mary Evans Picture Library; map: University of Texas Libraries