Kusiyana Kwakaita Vapfumi Nevarombo

PASINEI nemashoko anoshandiswa kurondedzera nyika idzi, nyika dzakasimukira zvikuru, dzine maindasitiri makuru, uye dzakapfuma dzinorarama upenyu hwepamusoro, asi dziya dzine maindasitiri maduku, idzo dzinenge dzisina kunyanya kubudirira mune zvoupfumi, dzinorarama upenyu hwakaderera. Zvinoita sokuti nyika idzi dziri kurarama mupasi rakasiyana.

Chokwadi, kunyange munyika imwe chete, mapoka maviri aya angawanika. Chimbofunga nezvenyika dzakapfuma zvikuru dzakasiyana dzataurwa munyaya yapfuura. Nyika idzi dzinewo vapfumi nevarombo. Somuenzaniso, muUnited States, inenge 30 muzana yemari inowanwa nenyika iyi inoenda kune 10 muzana dzemhuri dzakapfuma. Panguva imwe chete iyi, mhuri 20 muzana dzevasina kupfuma dzinofanira kurarama ne5 muzana yemari iyi. Mamiriro ezvinhu aya kana kuti akafanana angawanika munyika yaunogara, zvikurukuru kana boka revanhu vane mari zviri pakati nepakati riri duku. Asi kunyange hurumende dziri munyika dziya dzine boka guru revanhu vane mari zviri pakati nepakati nazvino dzave dzichitadza zvachose kubvisa musiyano uri pakati pevapfumi nevarombo.

Hakuna Nyika Inganzi Ine Mamiriro Ezvinhu Akanakira Munhu Wose

Hakuna nyika ingava yakakodzera kutaura kuti ine mamiriro ezvinhu akakwana. Chimbofunga nezvezvinhu zvisingawanwi nevaya vanogara munyika dzine urombo. Zvinhu zvine chokuita nokutarisirwa kwoutano zvishoma kwazvo. Kunyange zvazvo nyika pfumbamwe dzakapfuma zvikuru dzinotaurwa pabhokisi riri papeji ino dzinenge dziina chiremba mumwe chete pavanhu 242 kusvika ku539, nyika 18 dzine urombo zvikuru dzakatosarira zvokuti dzina chiremba mumwe chete pavanhu 3 707 kusvika ku49 118 vanenge vachigara imomo. Saka zvinonzwisisika kuti upenyu hunotarisirwa kuraramwa nevanhu vari munyika dzakasimukira zvikuru hunobva hwava makore 73 kana kuti kudarika, ukuwo inodarika hafu yenyika dzine urombo zvikuru, vanhu vanorarama makore ari pasi pe50.

Munyika dzine urombo mikana yokudzidza mishoma chaizvo, zvichiita kuti vana vangozorarama muurombo. Kusadzidza uku kunooneka nenhamba yevasingagoni kuverenga nokunyora. Kunyange zvazvo nyika nomwe papfumbamwe dzakapfuma kwazvo dziine 100 muzana yevanogona kuverenga nokunyora (dzimwe mbiri dzacho dzine 96 ne97 muzana), nyika 18 dzine urombo zvikuru dzine vanhu vanogona kuverenga nokunyora vane nhamba yakakwirira ye81 muzana uye iri pasi ye16 muzana, uye 10 dzenyika idzi dziine vanogona kuverenga nokunyora vari pasi pe50 muzana.

Asi vanogara munyika dzakapfuma vane matambudziko avowo. Kunyange zvazvo vaya vari munyika dzine urombo vangatambura nokushayiwa zvokudya, vaya vanorarama vaine zvakawanda vari kufa pamusana pokudyisa. Bhuku rinonzi Food Fight rinoti “kudyisa ndiko kwatsiva kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka uye ndiko kwave dambudziko riri pamusoro munyika yose rine chokuita nezvokudya.” Uye magazini inonzi The Atlantic Monthly inoti: “Vanhu vokuAmerica vanenge mamiriyoni mapfumbamwe ‘vanorwara nokufutisa,’ kureva kuti vanopfuura uremu hwavanofanira kuva nahwo nemakirogiramu 45 kana kudarika, uye zvirwere zvine chokuita nouremu zvinoita kuti vanenge 300 000 vakurumidze kufa gore rimwe nerimwe munyika iyi.” Nyaya imwe chete iyi inoti “munyika yose, kufutisa kuchakurumidza kuva chinetso chikuru choutano kudarika nzara nezvirwere zvinotapukira.”a

Ichokwadi kuti vanhu vanogara munyika dzakapfuma vane upenyu hwakanaka, asiwo vangakoshesa zvinhu panzvimbo poukama nevamwe, nokudaro vachinyanya kusimbisa kuva nezvinhu asi vasingakoshesi kurarama. Zvinoita sokuti vanoyera kukosha kwomunhu zvichienderana nebasa rake, mari yaanotambira, kana kuti zvinhu zvaanazvo, panzvimbo pezivo yake, uchenjeri, mano, kana kuti unhu hwake hwakanaka.

Ichiratidza kuti upenyu huri nyore ndihwo hunokonzera mufaro, musoro weimwe nyaya wakabuda mumagazini yokuGermany inobuda vhiki nevhiki inonzi Focus wakabvunza kuti: “Zvakadini Nokuva Nezvinhu Zvishoma?” Nyaya yacho yakati: “Vanhu vakawanda vari munyika dzokuMadokero havasi kufara iye zvino sezvavaiita makumi emakore apfuura, pasinei nokukurumidza kubudirira kwavari kuita. . . . Munhu upi noupi anoisa mwoyo wake wose pazvinhu angangoguma asingachafari.”

Kusvika Pakuti Nyika Dzienzane Zvakakwana

Chokwadi, zvinoitika zvinoratidza kuti nyika dzose dzakapfuma nedzine urombo, kunyange zvazvo dziine zvimwe zvinhu zvakanaka, dzinewo zvinetso zvadzo. Nepo nyika dzevarombo dzingava noupenyu husiri hwomutambarakede, nyika dzevapfumi dzinogona kuva dzakaoma zvikuru kurarama madziri. Zvaizobatsira chaizvo kudai nyika dzakasimukira dzikadzidza kune dzichiri kusimukira uye dzichiri kusimukira dzikaitawo zvakafanana! Asi zvine musoro here kufunga kuti kuenzana kwakakwana kwakadaro kungaitika?

Pakuona kwevanhu, ungafunga kuti vavariro iyi, kunyange zvazvo yakanaka, hapana munhu angaikwanisa. Uye zvakaitika zvinotsigira mafungiro ako. Kunyange zvakadaro, mamiriro acho ezvinhu ane tariro. Ungave wakangorerutsa hako chichagadzirisa chinetso chacho zvine musoro. Chingava chii ichocho?

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 22]

“Munyika yose, kufutisa kuchakurumidza kuva chinetso chikuru choutano kudarika nzara nezvirwere zvinotapukira.”—The Atlantic Monthly

[Girafu riri papeji 21]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

Nyika dzacho Upenyu Hunotarisirwa Vanogona Kuverenga dzakarongwa maererano Kuraramwa Nevarume Nokunyora (%) nearufabheti (makore)

Nyika Belgium 75,1 100

Pfumbamwe Canada 76,4 96,6

Dzakapfuma Denmark 74,9 100

Zvikuru Iceland 78,4 100

Japan 78,4 100

Luxembourg 74,9 100

Norway 76,5 100

Switzerland 77,7 100

United States 74,4 95,5

Nyika Gumi Benin 50,4 37,5

Nesere Burkina Faso 43 23

Dzine Burundi 42,5 48,1

Urombo Chad 47 53,6

Zvikuru Congo, Rep. of 49 80,7

Ethiopia 47,3 38,7

Guinea-Bissau 45,1 36,8

Madagascar 53,8 80,2

Malawi 37,6 60,3

Mali 44,7 40,3

Mozambique 38,9 43,8

Niger 42,3 15,7

Nigeria 50,9 64,1

Rwanda 45,3 67

Sierra Leone 40,3 36,3

Tanzania 43,3 75,2

Yemen 59,2 46,4

Zambia 35,3 78

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Kwazvakabva: 2005 Britannica Book of the Year.

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

© Mark Henley/Panos Pictures