Chinoita Kuti Kumabasa Kuve Nengozi
“Kubasa kunofira vanhu vakawanda kupfuura vanofira mutsaona dzomumigwagwa.” Ndiwo mashoko echikwangwani chakanyorwa nemabhii matema chinoparadzirwa neveWorkCover, sangano rinoona nezvokuchengeteka kumabasa muNew South Wales, kuAustralia.
CHOKWADI, tsaona dzinouraya dzinongova rutivi rwechinetso chacho. Mamiriyoni akawanda gore negore anokuvara zvakanyanyisa, kunyange zvinoremadza, mumabasa. Vamwe vakawanda vanofa nokukurumidza nemhaka yokushandira pane zvinhu zvinokuvadza kana kuti nemhaka yokuneta mupfungwa pabasa.
Sezvo rufu nokukuvara zvakanyanya zvine chokuita nemabasa zvichiitika munenge muzvikamu zvose zvemaindasitiri nezvokutengeserana, zvakakodzera kubvunza kuti: “Ko iwe wakachengeteka zvakadini pabasa pako? Pane mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kuisa utano hwako noupenyu hwako pangozi here?
Mamiriro Ezvinhu Akazara Nezvinonetsa
Vashandi vanowanzomanikidzirwa kushanda zvakaoma kuti vagadzire zvinhu zvakawanda. MuJapan shoko rokuti karoshi—“kufa nokushanda zvakaomarara”—rakatanga kushandiswa mutsamba dzokuda kuripwa dzainyorwa nemhuri dzinenge dzafirwa. Maererano nokumwe kuongorora kwakaitwa makore matatu akapfuura, vashandi vomuJapan vomumahofisi vanosvika 40 kubva muzana vaitya kufa nokushanda zvakapfurikidza. Rimwe gweta raibatsira vaida kubhadharwa ivavo rakafungidzira kuti paiva “nevasiri pasi pe30 000 vanofa nekaroshi muJapan gore roga roga.”
Mapurisa omuJapan akati zvinetso zvine chokuita nebasa ndizvo zviri kukonzera kuzviuraya kwevane makore okubva pa50 kusvika pa59. Maererano nebhuku rinonzi The Violence-Prone Workplace, rimwe dare rakapa mhosva mumwe muridzi webasa nokuda kwokuzviuraya kwomushandi wake akanga achinetseka nezvinhu zvine chokuita nebasa.
Pepanhau rokuAustralia rinonzi The Canberra Times rakati ‘Vanhu vokuAmerica vava kupfuura vokuJapan pakushanda maawa akareba pasi pose.’ Saka, nyaya itsva dzine misoro yakadai seyokuti “Kushanda Maawa Akareba Kuri Kuuraya Vanhu” dzinotaura nezvevashandi vakaneta, vakadai sevanotyaira maamburenzi, vanotyaira ndege, vanovaka, uye vanotakura zvinhu nevaya vanoshanda usiku vanourayiwa pabasa.
Makambani paanorongazve mashandiro awo uye kuderedza vashandi kuti arambe achiita purofiti, basa rakawanda rokuti mari iuye rinowandira vashandi. British Medical Journal yakashuma kuti kuderedza uwandu hwevashandi kunokanganisa utano hwevashandi vanosara.
Chisimba Mumabasa
Vashandi vanoshanda zvakapfurikidza uye vakaneta havasi mungozi ivo pachavo chete asi vane ngozi kune vamwewo. Kumwe kuongorora kwokuBritain kwakawana kuti vashandi vakawanda vomumahofisi vanopedza nguva yavo yokushanda yakawanda vachinetsana nevamwe vavo uye kuti kukakavadzana kakawanda kunoita kuti vanhu varwisane.
“Vanoda kusvika vashandi 15 vokuAmerica vanopondwa pabasa vhiki imwe neimwe,” inodaro magazini inonzi Business Week. Harvard Business Review inoti: “Hapana maneja anoda kutaura nezvechisimba chepabasa. Asi chokwadi chinosara ndechokuti gore roga roga mazana evashandi anorwa kana kunyange kuuraya vamwe vawo.”
Kune rimwe divi, vakawanda vanoitirwa chisimba mumabasa nemakasitoma avo. Mumwe mushumo wokuAustralia wezvokuparwa kwemhosva wakataura kuti vamwe vanachiremba vanotya kurohwa zvokuti pavanoenda kunoshanyira varwere vanenge vakachengetedzwa. Vamwe vari pangozi vanosanganisira mapurisa nevadzidzisi.
Chimwe chisimba chinoitwa kumabasa kunetswa mupfungwa, kunozivikanwa neInternational Labor Organization sechisimba chokunetswa mupfungwa. Rumwe rudzi rukuru rwokunetswa uku kushushwa.
Muzvinadzidzo Robert L. Veninga weYunivhesiti yeMinnesota, kuU.S.A., anoshuma kuti “kuneta mupfungwa nokurwara kunoguma kwaitika kunokanganisa vashandi kwose kwose munyika.” Akataura kuti “maererano neWorld Labor Report ya1993 yakaitwa neUnited Nations Labor Organization, chinetso chikuru ndechokuti kuneta mupfungwa kunobva panzvimbo dzokushandira dzisina kunaka uye dzinochinja-chinja uyewo kazhinji dzisina kutsarukana.”
Saka mubvunzo ndewokuti, Vashandirwi nevashandi vangaitei kuti vaite kuti kumabasa kwavo kuve kwakachengeteka? Izvi zvichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera.