Kuba Vanhu—Bhizimisi Rinotyisa

“KUBA vanhu kwakasiyana nokuba zvinhu. Unyengeri, utsinye, uye kusava nebasa nerimwe boka rinokosha zvikuru ravanhu, mhuri,” anodaro Mark Bles, mubhuku rake rinonzi The Kidnap Business. Kubiwa kwomunhu kunokonzera nhamo yepfungwa kunhengo dzemhuri. Pane imwe miniti kana kuti awa vanenge vaine tariro, muminiti inotevera kana kuti awa, vanenge vaora mwoyo sezvavanonetseka nokunzwa vaine mhaka, kuvenga, uye kunzwa vasingakwanisi kubatsira. Nguva inovhundutsa iyi ingapfuurira kwamazuva, mavhiki, mwedzi, kana kuti, padzimwe nguva, kunyange kwamakore.

Nemhaka yokuda kutsvaka mari zvakanyanya, vanoba vanhu vanovimba namanzwire anoita mhuri. Rimwe boka rinoba vanhu rakamanikidza murume warakaba kuti anyore tsamba inotevera kumapepanhau inoti: “Ndinokumbira veMapepanhau kuti vabudise izvi kwose kwose kuitira kuti kana ndikasadzoka mhosva igova yevakandiba uyewo yemhuri yangu inoratidza kuti inoda mari kukunda ini.” Vanoba vanhu vokuItaly vakamanikidza kuti mari yorudzikinuro ibhadharwe nokugura nhengo dzomuviri ndokudzitumira kuhama kana kunhepfenyuro dzeTV. Mumwe anoba vanhu wokuMexico akatotambudza vanhu vaakaba paaitaurirana rudzikinuro nemhuri yavo parunhare.

Asiwo, vamwe vanoba vanhu vanoedza kudiwa navavanenge vaba nokuvabata kumeso. Somuenzaniso, muPhilippines mumwe muzvinabhizimisi akanga abiwa akachengetwa muhotera yembozha muManila, uko vakamuba vakamupa doro uye vakamupa pfambi kusvika rudzikinuro rwabhadharwa. Zvisinei, vakawanda vanobiwa vanochengetedzwa vasina kusununguka uye vasingapiwi zvakawanda zvavanoda zvokunyama uye zvoutsanana. Vakawanda vanoitirwa utsinye. Chipi kana chipi chingaitika, anenge abiwa wacho nguva dzose anofanira kutya achinetseka kuti chii chichaitika kwaari.

Kukurira Nhamo Yacho

Kunyange pashure pokunge vakambobiwa vasunungurwa, vangangova nokurwadziwa mupfungwa kunoramba kuripo. Mumwe mukoti wokuSweden akabiwa kuSomalia akati: “Chimwe chinhu chinokosha kukunda zvose. Unofanira kutaura neshamwari nehama uye kubatsirwa nenyanzvi kana uchida kubatsirwa.”

Vanorapa vasingashandisi mishonga vakatanga imwe nzira yokubatsira vanhu vakadaro. Muzvidzidzo zviduku zvinoverengeka, vakambobiwa vanorondedzera zvakaitika kwavari vachibatsirwa nenyanzvi vasati vasangana nemhuri yavo uye kuraramazve upenyu samazuva ose. “Kurapa pasina mishonga kunoitwa nguva duku zvinhu zvichangobva kuitika kunodzivisa kukuvadzwa zvechigarire,” anodaro Rigmor Gillberg, nyanzvi yeRed Cross inorapa vane zvinetso isingashandisi mishonga.

Zvimwe Zvinoguma Zvaitika

Vakambobiwa uye mhuri dzavo havasi ivo voga vanonetseka nokubiwa kwavanhu. Kutya kubiwa kunogona kumisa kubvakachira dzimwe nyika ndokuderedza kutangwa kwamabhizimisi; kunoitawo kuti vanhu vanzwe vasina kukotsekana munzanga. Mumwedzi mishoma chete muna 1997, makambani makuru matanhatu okune dzimwe nyika akabva muPhilippines nemhaka yokutya kubiwa kwavanhu. Mumwe mukadzi wokuPhilippines anoshandira rimwe sangano rinonzi Citizens Against Crime akati: “Tiri kurarama tichingovhumuka.”

Nyaya yaiva muThe Arizona Republic inoti: “Pakati pevakuru vakuru vomuMexico, kutya kubiwa kwava kuda kutosvika pakubatwa nebuka, uye zvakakodzera kuti vadaro.” Magazini yokuBrazil inonzi Veja inoshuma kuti vanoba vanhu nevanopaza vachiba vakatsiva zvikara zvinotyisa zvaivhumutsa vana vomuBrazil. MuTaiwan, kudzivirira kubiwa kwavanhu kuri kudzidziswa muzvikoro, uye muUnited States, makamera okuchengetedza zvinhu akaiswa mumakireshi kudzivisa kubiwa kwavanhu.

Kuwedzera Kwebasa Revanopa Mazano Okuchengeteka

Kuwedzera kwokubiwa kwavanhu nenyaya dzinonetsa dzinofambidzana nakwo kwava kuwedzera basa ramakambani akazvimirira anochengetedza zvinhu. Muguta romuBrazil rinonzi Rio de Janeiro, mune makambani akadaro anopfuura 500, anowana mari inosvika $68 400 000 000.

Nhamba iri kuwedzera yamakambani anochengeta zvinhu okune dzimwe nyika anodzidzisa kudzivirira kubiwa, anobudisa mishumo yenzvimbo dzine ngozi, uye anotaurirana rudzikinuro nevanoba vanhu. Anopa zano mhuri namakambani, achivadzidzisa zvinoitwa nevanoba vanhu uye kuvabatsira kukurira kurwadziwa mupfungwa. Mamwe makambani anotoedza kubata vanoba vanhu ndokutora rudzikinuro rwakanga rwabhadharwa kana munhu akabiwa asunungurwa. Zvisinei, basa ravo harisi remahara.

Pasinei nokuedza kwakadaro, kubiwa kwavanhu kuri kuwedzera munyika dzakawanda. Achitsinhira nezvemamiriro ezvinhu muLatin America, Richard Johnson, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi weSeitlin & Company, anoti: “Munhu anogona kufungidzira kuti kubiwa kwavanhu kuchawedzera.”

Zvinokonzera Kuwedzera Kwacho

Nyanzvi dzinotaura zvikonzero zvakawanda zvokuwedzera kuchangobva kuitika. Kuoma kwoupenyu mune zvemari mune dzimwe nzvimbo ndechimwe chacho. Mumwe mushandi anoyamura vanhu muguta reNal’chik, muRussia, akati: “Kuba vanhu ndiyo nzira yakakurumbira yakanakisisa yokuwana nayo mari.” Mune dzimwe nyika dzaimbova dzeSoviet, kuba vanhu kunonzi kuri kushandiswa kutsigira nemari vakuru vakuru vamauto omunharaunda akazvimiririra.

Vanhu vakawanda vava kufambira zvebhizimisi kana kuti kubvakacha kupfuura kare, zvichipa mikana mitsva yevanoba vanhu kuti vatsvake vokuba. Nhamba yavanhu vokune dzimwe nyika vakabiwa yakapetwa nakaviri mumakore mashanu. Pakati pa1991 na1997, vanobvakacha vakabiwa munyika dzinosvika 26.

Vanoba vanhu vose ava vanobva kupi? Kumwe kusawirirana mune zvehondo kuri kupera, kuchisiya vaimbova varwi vasina mabasa, vasina mari. Vanhu ava vane unyanzvi hwose hunodiwa kuti vaite bhizimisi iri rinopa mari yakawanda.

Zvakafananawo, kushandiswa kwenzira dzinobudirira dzokudzivisa kupazwa kwamabhangi uye kudzivisa kutengeswa kwezvinodhaka zvisiri pamutemo kwakaita kuti matsotsi atange kuba vanhu kuti awane mari. Mike Ackerman, nyanzvi panyaya dzokubiwa kwavanhu, anotsanangura kuti: “Sezvatinoita kuti kubiwa kwezvinhu kusava nyore munzanga dzose, zvinoita kuti pave nokubiwa kwavanhu.” Kuzivisa mari yakawanda yakabhadharwa sorudzikinuro kunogonawo kuita kuti vamwe vade kuba vanhu.

Zvavanoda Hazvina Kufanana Nguva Dzose

Vanoba vanhu vakawanda hapana chimwe chavanoda kunze kwemari chete. Mari yorudzikinuro yavanoda inosiyana-siyana kubva pamadhora mashoma-shoma kusvika kumari yakawanda kukunda yati yambobviswa inokwana $2 280 000 000 yakabvisirwa shoroma yaitengesa zvivako yokuHong Kong iyo isina kuzombosunungurwa pasinei nokubviswa kwemari yacho.

Ukuwo, vamwe vanoba vanhu vakashandisa vanhu vavakaba kuti vazivikanwe, vawane zvokudya, mishonga, maredhiyo, motokari kunyange zvikoro zvitsva, migwagwa, uye zvipatara. Mumwe mukuru mukuru akabiwa muAsia akaregedzwa apo vakamuba vakapiwa mayunifomu ebasketball nemabhora acho. Mamwe mapoka anoshandisa kuba vanhu kutyisidzira kana kudzivisa vanobva kune dzimwe nyika vanoda kuvhura makambani nevanobvakacha, nevavariro yokumisa kushandiswa kusina kunaka kwevhu nezviwanikwa.

Saka zvavanoda zvakawanda, nzira dzavanoshandisa dzakawanda, vanogona kuba vanhu vakawanda uye vanhu vokuba vacho vakawanda. Zvinopedza dambudziko racho zvakawanda zvakafanana here? Ndezvipi zvimwe zvacho, uye zvinogona kupedza zvechokwadi dambudziko iri here? Tisati tapindura mibvunzo iyoyo, ngationgororei zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzera kuwedzera kwebhizimisi rokuba vanhu.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 21]

Kana Ukabiwa

Vakadzidza nezvenyaya iyi vanopa mazano anotevera kune vangangobiwa.

• Shandira pamwe; rega kuda kuita zvenharo. Vanenge vabiwa vanoda kunetsa vanowanzoitirwa utsinye, uye vane mukana mukuru wokuurayiwa kana kuti kutambudzwa vari voga.

• Usavhunduka. Ramba uchiyeuka kuti vanobiwa vakawanda vanopukunyuka.

• Tsvaka nzira yokuchengeta nguva uye zvinenge zvichiitika.

• Edza kuona nzira yavanoita nayo zvinhu zuva nezuva.

• Rovedza muviri, kunyange mukana wako wokufamba-famba ungave wakaganhurirwa.

• Cherechedza zvinhu; edza kuziva nemusoro mashoko akawanda, zvaunonzwa, uye zvaunonhuwidza. Dzidza zvakawanda nezvevakakuba.

• Taurawo tunyaya kana zvichiita uye edza kuwana wokuwirirana naye. Kana vakakuba vakakuona somunhuwo zvake, kashoma kuti vakuuraye kana kukukuvadza.

• Vaudze zvaunoda nenzira younyoro.

• Usaedza kutaurirana navo pachako rudzikinuro rwako.

• Kana ukaona kuti wava kununurwa, rara pasi uye mirira sezvo zvinhu zvinoitika.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 22]

Inishuwarenzi Yokubiwa Kwevanhu—Nyaya Inoitiranwa Nharo

Inishuwarenzi iindasitiri iri kubudirira zvikuru yakabatana nokuwedzera kwokubiwa kwavanhu. Lloyd’s of London yakava nokuwedzera kwe50 muzana gore rimwe nerimwe muinishuwarenzi yokubiwa kwavanhu muma1990. Makambani akawanda ari kutengesa inishuwarenzi yakadaro. Inishuwarenzi yacho inobatsira nokupa munhu anotaurirana rudzikinuro, kubhadharwa kworudzikinuro, uye padzimwe nguva kuzoedza kuita kuti rudzikinuro rwakabhadharwa rudzoswe. Zvisinei, nyaya yeinishuwarenzi inoitiranwa nharo zvikuru.

Vanotsoropodza inishuwarenzi yokubiwa kwavanhu vanoti inoita kuti utsotsi uhu huve bhizimisi uye kuti hazvina kunaka kupfuma nemari yokubiwa kwavanhu. Vanotiwo kana munhu ane inishuwarenzi angasangwarira nezvokuchengeteka kwake pachake uye kuti inishuwarenzi inotsigira basa revanoba vanhu rokurayira mari, zvichikurudzira utsotsi uhu. Vamwe vanototya kuti kuvapo kweinishuwarenzi kuchakurudzira vanhu kuti varonge kubiwa kwavo pachavo kuti vawane mari yeinishuwarenzi. Inishuwarenzi yokubiwa kwavanhu haibvumidzwi nomutemo muColombia, muGermany uye muItaly.

Vatsigiri veinishuwarenzi yokubiwa kwavanhu vanoti kufanana neimwe inishuwarenzi ipi neipi, inoita kuti vakawanda vabhadhare kurasikirwa kwavashoma. Vanoti inishuwarenzi inoita kuti pave nokuchengeteka kwakati, sezvo ichigonesa mhuri dzine inishuwarenzi namakambani kuti vakwanise kutsvaka kubatsirwa nenyanzvi dzinokwanisa, dzinogona kuderedza kukakavadzana, kutaurirana rudzikinuro rwakaderera, uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kubata vanoba vanhu.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 23]

Zvakaitika muStockholm

Muna 1974 kubiwa kwaPatty Hearst, mwanasikana womunyori wepepanhau ane mari inosvika mabhiriyoni Randolph A. Hearst, kwakashamisa vakawanda apo akatsigira vakanga vamuba uye akabatanidzwa mukupaza achiba nechikwata chacho chaiva nezvombo. Mune chimwe chiitiko mumwe mutambi wenhabvu wokuSpain akanga abiwa akaregerera uye akakomborera vakanga vamuba.

Mukuvamba kwema1970, chiitiko ichi chakanzi Zvakaitika muStockholm, mushure mebongozozo rokubiwa kwavanhu muna 1973 pabhangi muStockholm, Sweden. Pachiitiko ichocho vamwe vakanga vabiwa vakaita ushamwari navakanga vavaba. Kushamwaridzana kwakadaro kwakadzivirira vakanga vabiwa, sezvinotsanangurwa nebhuku rinonzi Criminal Behavior kuti: “Kana akabiwa neakamuba vakanyanya kuzivana, zvinoita kuti vanyanye kufarirana. Chiitiko ichi chinoratidza kuti pashure penguva yakati akapara mhosva haazonyanyi kukuvadza munhu waanenge akaba.”

Mumwe mukadzi wokuBritain akabiwa kuChechnya uyo akabatwa chibharo akati: “Ndinodavira kuti murindi paakatanga kutiziva somunhu mumwe nomumwe akazoona kuti akanga akanganisa kundibata chibharo. Akarega kundibata chibharo uye akakumbira ruregerero.”

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 20]

Kunhengo dzemhuri kubiwa kwomunhu ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinovhundutsa, chinoshayisa hope chinogona kufungidzirwa

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]

Vakambobiwa vanoda kunyaradzwa

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 23]

Vakawanda vanobiwa vanochengetedzwa vasina kusununguka uye vasingapiwi zvakawanda zvavanoda zvokunyama uye zvoutano