Vakwegura Vari Kuwedzera Munyika
MUNA 1513, mupanguri wekuSpain Juan Ponce de León akasvika pakamukwavarara kemhenderekedzo isingazivikanwi yekuNorth America. Mamwe mashoko anoti sezvo nzvimbo yaakawana yaiva yakazara nemaruva, akaidana kuti Florida, kureva kuti “Nzvimbo ine maruva” muchiSpanish. Kuwana zita kwaiva nyore. Kuwana zvaakanga afambira—chitubu chine mvura ine simba rokuita kuti vakwegura vavezve pwere—zvakaratidzika kuva zvisingabviri. Anyatsotsvagisisa munzvimbo yacho kwemwedzi yakati, mupanguri wacho akarega kutsvaga kwake chitubu choupwere chinotaurwa mungano ndokupfuurira kukwasva.
Nyange zvazvo zvitubu zvoupwere zvichiramba zvisingawaniki nhasi semuzuva raPonce de León, vanhu vanoita sevakawana icho munyori Betty Friedan akati “chitubu chokukwegura.” Akataura izvi nemhaka yokuwedzera kunoshamisa kwenhamba yevanhu vakwegura munyika yose. Vanhu vakawanda kwazvo vari kukwegura zvokuti uwandu hwevanhu mupasi rose huri kuchinja. Zvechokwadi, vakwegura vari kuwedzera munyika.
“Kumwe Kukunda Kukuru Kwazvo Kwevanhu”
Uwandu hwevanhu hunotaura nyaya yacho. Pakutanga kwezana rino remakore, kunyange munyika dzakapfuma kwazvo, upenyu hwaitarisirwa kuraramwa kubvira pakuberekwa hwaiva pasi pemakore 50. Nhasi, hwawedzera neanopfuura 75. Nenzira yakafanana, munyika dzichiri kusimukira dzakadai seChina, Honduras, Indonesia, neVietnam, upenyu hunotarisirwa kuraramwa kubvira pakuberekwa hwawedzera nemakore 25 kupfuura zvahwaive makore makumi mana chete apfuura. Mwedzi wega wega, vanhu vanosvika miriyoni imwe mupasi rose vari kusvika zera remakore 60. Zvinoshamisa kuti, havasi vanhu vadiki asi vaya vane makore 80 uye kupfuura, ‘hari dzofanzirofa,’ ndivo zvino vari kuumba boka revanhu riri kuwedzera nokukurumidza panyika.
“Kuwedzera kwoupenyu hunotarisirwa kuraramwa,” inodaro nyanzvi yezvekuwanda kwevanhu Eileen Crimmins mumagazini inonzi Science, “kwave kuri kumwe kukunda kukuru kwazvo kwevanhu.” Sangano Remubatanidzwa Wenyika Dzapasi Pose rinobvuma, uye kuti kubudirira uku kuonekwe pachena, rakasarudza gore ra1999 seGore Revanhu Vemarudzi ose Vakwegura.—Ona bhokisi riri papeji 3.
Zvinofanira Kuitwa—Kuchinja Maonero
Zvisinei, kukunda uku, kunobatanidza zvakawanda kupfuura kuchinja kwoupenyu hunotarisirwa kuraramwa nemunhu. Kunobatanidzawo kuchinja maonero anoita vanhu kukwegura. Zvechokwadi, pfungwa yokukwegura ichiri kuita kuti vanhu vakawanda vanyanyonetseka, kunyange kutya, nokuti zera rokukwegura rinowanzobatana nemuviri wakaondoroka nokusanyatsofunga. Zvisinei, vanzveri vanodzidza nezvekukwegura vanosimbisa kuti kukwegura nokurwara zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana. Vanhu vanokwegura zvakasiyana kwazvo. Pane musiyano, vanodaro vanzveri, pakati pekukwegura kunokonzerwa nezera rokukura nekukwegura kunonokonzerwa nokuchinja kwemuviri. (Ona bhokisi rinoti “Kukwegura Chii?”) Nemamwe mashoko, kuva pazera rokunzi wakura nerokunzi wave kukwegura hazvienderani chaizvoizvo.
Zvechokwadi, sezvaunokwegura, unogona kuita matanho anonatsiridza kunaka kwoupenyu hwako. Sezvinobvumwa, matanho aya haakuiti muduku, asi anokubvumira kuramba uri mutano sezvaunokwegura. Nyaya inotevera inokurukura mamwe ematanho aya. Kunyange kana nhau yokukwegura isiri yekuti unyanyonetsekera zvino, ungada kupfuurira kurava, nokuti nenguva isipi ichakosha kwauri.
[Bhokisi/Mifananidzo iri papeji 3]
GORE REVANHU VEMARUDZI OSE VAKWEGURA
“Zvandasvitsa makore 60 . . . , zvino ndava kuverengwa pakati penhamba dzandataura pakutanga,” akadaro Munyori Mukuru weUN Kofi Annan nguva ichangobva kupfuura iyi paivambwa Gore Revanhu Vemarudzi ose Vakwegura. Kune vakawanda vakafanana naVaAnnan. Vanzveri vanotaura kuti pachatanga zana remakore riri kuuya, munyika dzakawanda munhu mumwe pavanhu 5 voga voga achange ava nemakore 60 kana kupfuura. Vamwe vavo vachange vachida kutarisirwa, asi vose zvavo vachange vachida nzira dzavanogona kuramba vane rusununguko rwavo, kukudzwa kwavo, uye kuramba vari vanobatsira. Kubatsira vanodzika mitemo kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakakonzerwa ne‘kuchinja kukuru kwekuwanda’ uku nokunzwisisa zviri nani “kukosha kwevakwegura munzanga,” muna 1992 UN General Assembly yakaronga kusarudza 1999 seGore Revanhu Vemarudzi ose Vakwegura. “Takananga Kunzanga Yemazera Ose” ndiwo musoro wegore rino rinokosha.
[Mufananidzo]
Kofi Annan
[Kwazvakatorwa]
UN photo
UN/DPI photo by Milton Grant
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 4]
KUKWEGURA CHII?
“Kuziva zvichaitika nezvekukwegura hakuna kujeka kwazvo,” anodaro mumwe munzveri. “Hapana anonyatsokunzwisisa,” anodarowo mumwe. Kunyange zvakadaro, vasayendisiti vanodzidza nezvekukwegura vakaedza kukurondedzera. Zvichitaurwa zvakapfava, vanoti, kukwegura inguva yararama mumwe munhu. Asi kukwegura kunoreva zvinopfuura kufamba kunoita makore. Munhu haawanzotauri nezvemwana ari kukwegura nokuti kukwegura kunoreva kuderera kwesimba. Kukwegura marwadzo anoitika nokufamba kunoita makore emunhu. Vamwe vanhu vanoratidzika sevadiki pazera ravo chairo. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinoshanda munhu paanoudzwa kuti haaenderani “nezera rake.” Kusiyanisa kukwegura kunokonzerwa nezera rokukura nekukwegura kunokonzerwa nokuchinja kwemuviri, vanzveri vanowanzorondedzera kukwegura kunokonzerwa nokuchinja kwemuviri wemunhu (kukwegura kwakabatana nekuchinja kwemuviri kunokuvadza) senzira yokukwegura.
Purofesa wesayenzi youpenyu hwemhuka Steven N. Austad anorondedzera kukwegura se“kupera kwesimba kunopfuurira mugadziriro yokushanda kwomuviri mukati menguva yakati.” Uye Dr. Richard L. Sprott, weNational Institute on Aging, anotaura kuti kukwegura “kuderera zvishoma nezvishoma kwezvikamu zviya zvegadziriro dzedu dzomuviri dzinotigonesa kutarisana nokuora mwoyo zvakakwana.” Zvisinei, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvuma kuti zvinonetsa kuwana tsanangudzo yakajeka yekukwegura. Molecular biologist Dr. John Medina anotsanangura chikonzero chacho achiti: “Kubvira kumusoro kusvikira kuzvigunwe, kubvira mumaprotein kusvikira kuDNA, kubvira pakuberekwa kusvikira parufu, mapoka makuru asingatauriki ezvinoitika anobuda pachena kuita kuti matiririyoni 60 emasero emunhu akwegure.” Hazvishamisi kuti vanzveri vakawanda vanogumisa kuti kukwegura “chinhu chakaoma kwazvo kunzwisisa pazvinetso zvose zvezvinhu zvipenyu!”