AIDS—Kuirwisa Kwaungaita
PARI zvino AIDS hairapiki, sayenzi yezvokurapa haisi kuita seichakurumidza kuwana mushonga. Nepo kurapa kutsva kuchinonotsa kukukura kwehosha yacho, zvitori nani kungogara wadzivisa kutapukirwa. Zvisinei, tisati takurukura nezvokudzivirira, ngationei kuti utachiona hweAIDS (HIV) hunopomerwa kana kusapomerwa sei kubva pamunhu kuenda pane mumwe.
Munhu angatapukirwa munzira huru ina: (1) nokushandisa tsono kana jekiseni rine utachiona, (2) kurara nomunhu akatapukirwa (nokuchiuno kana nomumukanwa), (3) nokuisirwa ropa nezvinhu zvinogadzirwa neropa, kunyange zvazvo ngozi yacho yakaderedzwa munyika dzakabudirira umo ropa riri kuongororwa kana risina zvinorwisa HIV, uye (4) namai vane HIV, vanozadza mucheche asati aberekwa kana pavanosununguka kana pavanoyamwisa.
Maererano neU.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), ufakazi huripo hwezvesayenzi hunotaura kuti (1) haugoni kubata AIDS semabatire aunoita dzihwa, (2) haugoni kuibata nekugara pedyo nemunhu ane AIDS kana nokubata kana kumbundira munhu anayo, (3) haugoni kuibata nokudya zvinhu zvabatwa, zvabikwa, kana zvaiswa patafura nemunhu anayo, uye (4) haugoni kuibata nokushandisa naye zvimbudzi, runhare, mbatya, kana midziyo yekudyira kana yekunwira. Uyewo, CDC inotaura kuti vhairasi yacho haiparadzirwi neumhutu kana chimwe chipembenene chipi nechipi.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Pakudzivirira
Vhairasi yeAIDS inogara muropa remunhu anayo. Kana munhu anayo akabayiwa jekiseni, ropa pamwe chete nevhairasi zvingasara patsono kana mujekiseni. Kana mumwe munhu akabayiwa netsono ine utachiona, angapiwa vhairasi. Usambotya kubvunza chiremba kana mukoti paunenge usina chokwadi netsono kana jekiseni. Une kodzero yekuziva; upenyu hwako huri pangozi.
Vhairasi yeAIDS inowanikawo muurume kana mumvura dzinobudiswa nomukadzi pavanhu vane hosha yacho. Nokudaro, pamusoro pekudzivirira, CDC inokurudzira kuti: “Kurega ndiyo dziviriro bedzi yechokwadi. Kana uchizorara nemumwe munhu, mirira kusvika wava muukama hwavaviri vakavimbika hunogara hwakadaro, zvakadai sekuroorana, nemunhu asina utachiona.”
Cherechedza kuti, kuti uve akadzivirirwa unofanira kuchengetedza “ukama hwavaviri vakavimbika.” Kana wakavimbika uye wawakaroorana naye asina, hauna kudzivirirwa. Izvi zvinowanzonetsa kwazvo kuvakadzi vanogara munzanga umo varume varivo vanotonga zvose zvemari nezvekurara navo. Mune dzimwe nyika vakadzi havatombobvumirwi kukurukura nhau dzekurara kwavo nevarume, kuzoti kutaurirana nezvemiitiro yokurara pamwe isina ngozi.
Zvisinei, havasi vakadzi vose vakadaro vasina simba. Kunzvera kwakaitwa mune imwe nyika yeWest Africa kwakaratidza kuti vakadzi vane mari yavo vaikwanisa, pasina zvokuguma nebongozozo, kurega kurara nevarume vavo vane utachiona. MuNew Jersey, U.S.A., vamwe vakadzi vakaramba kurara nevarume vakanga vasingadi kupfeka kondomu. Chokwadika, kunyange zvazvo makondomu elatex achigona kudzivirira HIV nedzimwe hosha dzinopomeranwa muvatano, anofanira kushandiswa zvakarurama uye nguva dzose.
Ndirini Paunofanira Kuongororwa
Karen, ataurwa munyaya yapfuura, hapana zvakawanda zvaaigona kuita kuzvidzivirira pakutapukirwa. Murume wake akatapukirwa makore anoverengeka vasati varoorana, uye vakaroorana apo denda nekuongororwa kwevanhu vane HIV kwakanga kuchiri kutanga. Zvisinei, pari zvino, kuongororwa kwevanhu vane HIV kwava kugaroitwa mune dzimwe nyika. Naizvozvo kana munhu asina chokwadi nezvaari panhau yeHIV, kuchenjera kutanga aongororwa asati atanga kudanana nomumwe munhu. Zano raKaren heri: “Sarudza munhu waunoroorana naye nokungwarira. Kukanganisa kusarudza kunogona kukuisa pangozi, kunyange kukuurayisa.”
Kuongororwa kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira mumwe asina mhaka panenge paitwa upombwe. Sezvo HIV yacho isingaoneki kusvika kuinenge mwedzi mitanhatu pashure pekutapukirwa, kuongororwa kunoverengeka kungafanira kuitwa. Kana vakatangazve kurara vose (zvichireva kuti aita upombwe akanganwirwa), kushandisa kondomu kunogona kudzivirira kutapukirwa.
Dzidzo Inogona Sei Kubatsira?
Chinhu chinoda kucherechedzwa ndechokuti kunyange zvazvo Bhaibheri rakanyorwa kare AIDS isati yatanga, kurarama zvinowirirana nemitemo yaro kunobatsira kudzivirira hosha yacho. Somuenzaniso, Bhaibheri rinotaura kuti kurara nemunhu wausina kuroorana naye hakuna kururama, rinomanikidza vakaroorana kuva vakavimbika, uye rinotaura kuti vaKristu vanofanira kuroorana nevanhu bedzi vanoshandisa mitemo yeBhaibheri saivo. (1 VaKorinte 7:39; VaHebheru 13:4) Rinorambidzawo kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemirimo nekudya ropa, zvinosvibisa muviri.—Mabasa 15:20; 2 VaKorinte 7:1.
Kuchenjera kuzvidzidzisa nezvengozi dzinobatanidzwa nevanhu vane utachiona hweHIV. Kudzidza pamusoro peAIDS kunoshongedzera vanhu kuti vagone kuzvidzivirira kwairi.
AIDS Action League inoti: “AIDS kazhinji kacho inodziviririka. Kutozosvikira yava kurapika dzidzo ndiyo chinhu chakanakisisa choga chinodzivirira [nzanga] AIDS.” (Mashoko akatsveyamiswa ndeedu.) Zvakanaka kuti vabereki vataurirane chokwadi uye vataure chokwadi nevana vavo pamusoro peAIDS.
Mitoo Yekurapa Nayo Ndeipi?
Zviratidzo zvehosha hazviwanzooneka kusvika makore matanhatu kusvika kugumi apfuura kubva panotapukirwa munhu neHIV. Mumakore iwayo, hondo inorwiwa mumuviri. Mavhairasi anoberekana achiuraya masero omuviri anodzivirira hosha. Masero anodzivirira hosha anodzorerawo. Pakupedzisira, sezvo mabhiriyoni emavhairasi matsva anoberekwa zuva rimwe nerimwe, kuzvidzivirira kwomuviri kunokurirwa.
Mirimo yakasiyana-siyana yakagadzirwa inoedza kubatsira simba romuviri rokuzvidzivirira, mirimo ine mazita akaoma inozivikanwa nemabhii anoti—AZT, DDI, neDDC. Kunyange zvazvo vamwe vaidavira kuti mirimo iyi yaiita seingangobatsira kwazvo uye kunyange kuva mishonga ingangorapa, kariro dzakadaro dzakakurumidza kushaya basa. Inoenda ichitadza kushanda panofamba nguva uye inokonzerawo dzimwe hosha dzine ngozi kune vamwe vanhu—kupera kwemasero eropa, hosha dzekugwamba kweropa, nekukuvadzwa kwetsinga dzomumaoko netsoka.
Zvino kwava nerumwe rudzi rwemirimo: mainhibitor eprotease. Vanachiremba vanonyora mibatanidzwa iyi yemirimo mitatu nemimwe mishonga inouraya mavhairasi. Kuongorora kwave kuchiratidza kuti kunyange zvakadaro kurapa nemishonga mitatu uku hakuurayi utachiona hwacho, kunomisa, kana kuti kunoita sekwamisa, kuberekana kwahwo mumuviri.
Kurapa nemishonga mitatu kwavandudza utano hwevanorwara zvikuru kwazvo. Zvisinei, vanamazvikokota vanotaura kuti mishonga yacho inoshanda zvakanakisisa kana ikakurumidza kupiwa vanhu vane HIV, zviratidzo zvisati zvatanga kuoneka. Kana izvozvo zvaitwa, zvingabvira kudzivirira, zvichida kusvika kunguva isingazivikanwi, hosha yacho kuva AIDS. Sezvo kurapa kwacho kuri kutsva, zvichiri kuda kuonekwa kuti kurapa kwacho kuchamisa hosha kwenguva yakareba zvakadini.
Kurapa nemishonga mitatu kunodhura. Mirimo mitatu inouraya mavhairasi nekuongororwa munogadzirwa mishonga kunowanzoita $2 040 000 pagore. Kunze kwekudhura kwakunoita, murwere ari kurapwa nemishonga mitatu anofanira kuita nzendo dzinoverengeka dzokuenda kufiriji, uko kunofanira kuchengeterwa mirimo yacho. Zvinoitika chaizvo ndezvokuti, munhu anonwa mamwe mapiritsi kaviri pazuva uye mamwe katatu pazuva. Mamwe anonwiwa asina kudya, mamwe adya. Kurapa kwacho kunogona kuoma kana murwere achifanira kunwa mimwe mishonga yokuwedzera kurwisa dzimwe hosha idzo murwere weAIDS asingatani kurwara.
Chiri kunyanyoitirwa hanya navanachiremba ndechokuti chii chingaitika kana munhu akagumira panzira kurapwa nemishonga mitatu. Kuberekana kwemavhairasi kungatanga zvakasimba, uye mishonga yanga ichimbonwirwa kurwisa mavhairasi ingasashanda kumavhairasi anopukunyuka kurapa kwacho. Marudzi eHIV isingakuvadzwi nemishonga angaoma zvikuru kurapa. Uyewo, idzi nhinhi dzemavhairasi dzingaparadzirwa kuvamwe vanhu.
Nhomba Ndiyo Ingazvipedza Here?
Vamwe vanzveri veAIDS vanodavira kuti chinhu chinokosha pakumisa denda renyika yose reAIDS inhomba isina ngozi, inoshanda. Nhomba dzinoshanda dzinorwisa fivha yeyellow, gwirikwiti, mahumunya, nerubella dzinogadzirwa nemavhairasi asina simba. Zvinowanzoitwa ndezvokuti, panoiswa rudzi rwevhairasi isina simba mumuviri, simba romuviri rokudzivirira hosha haringoedzi kuirwisa chete asi rinogadzira zvinodzivirira zvichakwanisa kukurira chero kuvhozhokera kupi zvako kungaitwa nevhairasi chaiyo.
Kuedzera patsoko kwakaitwa kaviri nguva pfupi yapfuura kwakaratidza kuti chinetso neHIV ndechokuti kunyange vhairasi isina simba inogona kuchinja kuva inouraya. Kutaura neimwe nzira, nhomba yacho ingaparira hosha yayakagadzirirwa kudzivirira.
Kutsvaka nhomba kwanga kuchigumbura uye kuchishayisa zano. HIV yakasara isina kana nevanga rose zvaro kumakumi ekuedza kwese kungadai kwakauraya mamwe mavhairasiwo zvawo. Chinonyanya kunetsa ndechokuti, HIV inoshanduka shanduka, zvichiiita kuti inzvenge nzvenge. (Pari zvino kune mapoka eHIV anopfuura gumi munyika yose.) Zvichiwedzera chinetso chacho, vhairasi yacho inorwisa zvakananga simba romuviri rokudzivirira hosha iro nhomba inofanira kukutsirana naro kudzivirira muviri.
Mari inotaurawo pakunzvera. “Maindasitiri asiri ehurumende haanyatsodi kuzvipira,” inotaura kudaro International AIDS Vaccine Initiative iri muWashington. Izvi zvinonzi zvakakonzerwa nokuti kunotyirwa kuti nhomba haina mari, sezvo zhinji yayo ichizotengeswa munyika dzisina kubudirira.
Pasinei zvapo nezvinetso, vanzveri vari kupfuurira kuongorora mitoo inoverengeka mukutsvaka nhomba inoshanda. Zvisinei, pari zvino, hazvisi kuratidzika sokuti nhomba ichagadzirwa nokukurumidza. Apo nhomba inoita seingangoshanda inonyuka munogadzirirwa mishonga, panobva patevera chinetso chinoda kushanda nesimba, chinodhura, uye chingangova nengozi chokuedzera mushonga wacho pavanhu.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 5]
Ndivanaani Vari Kutapukirwa neHIV?
Munyika yose, vanhu vanenge 16 000 vanotapukirwa zuva roga roga. Zvinonzi vanopfuura 90 muzana vanogara munyika dzichiri kusimukira. Mwana 1 mu10 ane makore ari pasi pe15. Vose vasara vakuru avo 40 muzana vavo vari vakadzi vane makore ari pakati pe15 ne24.—World Health Organization neJoint United Nations Programme pamusoro peHIV/AIDS.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 7]
Unozviziva Sei Kuti Munhu Akatapukirwa?
Haugoni kuziva kuti munhu akatapukirwa here kana kuti kwete nekungomutarisa chete. Kunyange zvazvo vanoparadzira HIV vasati vava nezviratidzo vangaratidzika kuva vakagwinya, vanogona kuzadza vamwe vhairasi yacho. Unogona kuvimba nekungotaura chete kwemumwe munhu kwokuti haana kutapukirwa here? Hazvirevi hazvo kudaro. Vakawanda vane HIV havazvizivi pachavo. Vanozviziva vangazvivanza, kana kuti vanganyepa. Kuongorora kwakaitwa muUnited States kwakaratidza kuti vanhu 4 pa10 vane HIV havana kuudza munhu wavakarara naye kuti ndozvavari.
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 6]
Ukama hweHIV neAIDS
HIV zvinomirira “human immunodeficiency virus,” vhairasi inoparadza zvishoma nezvishoma simba romuviri rokudzivirira hosha. AIDS inomirira “acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.” Chikamu chokupedzisira chekutapukirwa neHIV chinouraya. Zita racho rinorondedzera kuti HIV yakuvadza sei zvakakomba simba romuviri rokudzivirira hosha, ichiita kuti murwere asatane kurwara nehosha idzo simba romuviri wake raigona kurwisa dai asina utachiona hwacho.
[Kwazvakatorwa]
CDC, Atlanta, Ga.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 7]
Kuongororwa HIV usati wafunga zvokuroorwa kana kuti kuroora kuchenjera