Vanhu—Tiri Vanaani?
ZVINORATIDZIKA sekuti vanhu vane chinetso chokuziva kuti ndivanaani. Wezvemhindumupindu Richard Leakey anoti: “Kwemazana emakore nyanzvi dzeuzivi dzakabata nemativi ekuva munhu, evanhu. Asi, nenzira inoshamisa, hapana tsananguro inobvumiranwa yevara rekuva munhu.”
Zvisinei, Nzvimbo Inochengeterwa Mhuka yeCopenhagen yakapa murangariro wayo neushingi kupfurikidza nechiratidzwa mumba yayo yemhuka. Bhuku ra1997 Britannica Book of the Year rinotsanangura kuti: “Vamwe vaviri vakaroorana vechiDanish vakatamira mumba yechinguvana iri panzvimbo inochengeterwa mhuka nevavariro yekuyeuchidza vashanyi nezveukama hwavo hwapedyo nemaape.”
Mabhuku enongedzero anobvuma ukama hwakadaro hwepedyo hunotaurwa nezvahwo hwedzimwe mhuka nevanhu. The World Book Encyclopedia, semuenzaniso, rinoti: “Vanhu, pamwe chete nemaape, malemur, tsoko, uye matarsier, zvinoumba boka rezvinoyamwisa rinonzi maprimate.
Asi, idi nderokuti, vanhu vane mavara akawanda anoshamisa asingawirirani nemusikirwo wemhuka. Pakati peaya pane rudo, hana, tsika, umudzimu, ruramisiro, tsitsi, kusetsa, kugadzira zvinhu, kuziva nguva, kuzviziva, kutapurwa nemhoteredzo, kuitira hanya nguva yemberi, kukwanisa kuunganidza zivo yezvizvarwa, uye tariro yekuti kufa hakusi mugumo wekupedzisira wekuvapo kwedu.
Mukuedza kuwiriranisa mavara aya nemusikirwo wemhuka, vamwe vanonongedzera kumhindumupindu yendangariro nemaitiro, iyo iri mubatanidzwa wemhindumupindu, kushanda kwemirangariro, uye sayenzi yenzanga. Mhindumupindu yendangariro nemaitiro yakajekesa chishamiso chemasikirwo emunhu here?
Chii Chiri Donzo Reupenyu?
“Hwaro hwemhindumupindu yendangariro nemaitiro hwakapfava,” anodaro wezvemhindumupindu Robert Wright. “Ndangariro yemunhu, semumwe mutezo upi neupi, yakagadzirirwa donzo rokupfuuridzira mavara anogarwa nhaka kuchizvarwa chinotevera; mirangariro nepfungwa zvainogadzira zvinonzwisiswa zvakanakisisa muzvimiro izvi.” Nemamwe mashoko, donzo redu rese muupenyu, sezvarakarongwa nemavara anogarwa nhaka edu uye rinoratidzirwa mukushanda kwepfungwa dzedu, nderekubereka.
Zvirokwazvo, “zvizhinjisa zvemaitire emunhu,” maererano nemhindumupindu yendangariro nemaitiro, “zvinotsamira pakudzora kweutsinye kwemavara anogarwa nhaka.” Bhuku rinonzi The Moral Animal rinoti: “Kusarudza kwemuzvarirwo ‘kunoda’ kuti varume vave nevatano nemudungwe usina mugumo wevakadzi.” Maererano nemurangariro wemhindumupindu uyu, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu unzenza hwevakadzi hunoonekwawo sehwomuzvarirwo. Kunyange rudo rwemubereki runoonekwa sechinhu chinodzorwa nemavara anogarwa nhaka kuti pave nechokwadi chokupukunyuka kwevana. Naizvozvo, mumwe murangariro unosimbisa kukosha kwemavara anogarwa nhaka mukuita kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti mhuri yevanhu inopfuuridzirwa.
Mamwe mabhuku ane mirayiridzo ava kuvakirwa papfungwa itsva yemhindumupindu yendangariro nemaitiro. Rimwe rawo rinorondedzera maitire emunhu se“asina kunyanyosiyana nemaitire echimupanzi, maitire egorira, kana kuti maitire egudo.” Rinotaurawo kuti: “Maererano nemhindumupindu, . . . kubereka ndiko kunokosha.”
Kune rumwe rutivi, Bhaibheri rinodzidzisa kuti Mwari akasikira vanhu donzo rinopfuura kungobereka bedzi. Takaitwa mu“mufananidzo” waMwari, tichikwanisa kuratidzira mavara ake, zvikurukuru rudo, ruramisiro, uchenjeri, uye simba. Wedzera mavara anoshamisa evanhu ambodudzwa pamavambo, uye zvinobva zvava pachena kuti chikonzero nei Bhaibheri richiisa vanhu pamusoro pemhuka. Bhaibheri, kutaura idi, rinozivisa kuti Mwari akasika vanhu vane kwete bedzi chishuvo chekurarama nekusingaperi asiwo vachikwanisa kufarikanya kuzadzikwa kwechishuvo ichocho munyika itsva yakarurama inoitwa naMwari.—Genesi 1:27, 28; Pisarema 37:9-11, 29; Muparidzi 3:11; Johane 3:16; Zvakazarurwa 21:3, 4.
Zvatinodavira Zvinoita Musiyano
Kuziva murangariro wakarurama kunopfuura kungowana mhinduro chete isina painoshanda, nokuti zvatinodavira pamusoro pekwatakabva zvinogona kutapura mararamire edu. Wezvenhau H. G. Wells akanyora mhedziso dzakasvikwa nevakawanda pashure peOrigin of Species yaCharles Darwin yakabudiswa muna 1859.
“Kuputsika chaikoiko kwetsika kwakavapo. . . . Pakava nekurasika chaikoiko kwekutenda pashure pa1859. . . . Vanhu vaiva nesimba pakupera kwezana remakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe vakadavira kuti vakakunda nemhaka yeKurwira Kuvapo, umo vane simba uye vakachenjera vanokurira vasina simba uye vanovimba. . . . Vakagumisa kuti, munhu, imhuka yenzanga sembwa yekuvhimisa yeIndia. . . . Zvakaratidzika sezvakarurama kwavari kuti imbwa huru dzemuboka revanhu dzinofanira kurwisa ndokukurira.”
Nenzira yakajeka, zvinokosha kuti tiwane murangariro wakarurama pamusoro pekuti tiri vanaani chaizvoizvo. Nokuti, sezvakabvunzwa nemumwe wezvemhindumupindu kuti, “kana dzidziso yakajeka yechinyakare yaDarwin . . . yakanetesa simba retsika remararamire ekuMadokero, chii chichaitika apo murangariro mutsva [wemhindumupindu yendangariro nemaitiro] unonyatsozivikanwa?”
Sezvo zvatinodavira pamusoro pekwatakabva zvichitapura maonere edu oupenyu uye ezvakarurama nezvisina kururama, zvinokosha kuti tinyatsoongorora mubvunzo uyu wose zvawo.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 20]
Wezvenhau H. G. Wells akanyora mhedziso dzakasvikwa nevakawanda pashure pekubudiswa kweOrigin of Species yaCharles Darwin muna 1859: “Kuputsika chaikoiko kwetsika kwakavapo. . . . Pakava nekurasika chaikoiko kwekutenda pashure pa1859”