Funganyo Yakanaka, Funganyo Yakaipa
“Sezvo funganyo iri davidzo yachero yomuviri kukurayira kupi nokupi, munhu wose anogara ari pasi pefunganyo yakati.”—Dr. Hans Selye.
KUTI anoridza violin aridze nziyo, tambo dziri pachiridzwa chake dzinofanira kushinya—asi kusvika kumwero wakati kuti bedzi. Kana dzikanyanyisa kukakata, dzichadambuka. Asi kana tambo dzikanyanyodhamba, hadzimboriri. Kukakika kwakafanira kuri pakati nepakati pemativi aya ari maviri.
Zvakafanana nefunganyo. Yakanyanyisa inogona kukuvadza, sezvatatoona. Asi zvakadini nekusatombova nefunganyo yose zvayo? Nepo kariro yacho inganzwika kuva inokwezva, idi nderokuti unofanira kudzvinyirirwa—kusvika pamwero wakati kuti. Somuenzaniso, fungidzira paunodarika mugwagwa, kamwe kamwe unocherechedza kuti motokari iri kumhanya zvikuru ichiuya kwauri. Kudzvinyirirwa kunoita kuti ukwanise kutiza kukuvadzwa—nokukurumidza!
Asi funganyo haibatsiri pazvinoda kukurumidzira bedzi. Unodawo kudzvinyirirwa kuti upedze kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva. Munhu wose ari pasi pefunganyo yakati nguva dzose. ‘Nzira bedzi yokudzivisa nayo funganyo kufa,’ anodaro Dr. Hans Selye. Anowedzera kuti kutaura kwokuti “ari pasi pefunganyo” hakurevi chinhu sokutaura kwokuti “ari kupisa muviri.” “Zvatiri kureva chaizvoizvo nokutaura kwakadaro ndezvokuti,” anodaro Selye, “funganyo kana kuti kupisa kwomuviri kwanyanyisa.” Mupfungwa iyi varaidzo inobatanidzawo funganyo, uye ndozvinoitawo hope, sezvo mwoyo wako uchifanira kuramba uchirova nemapapu ako achifanira kushanda.
Marudzi Matatu Efunganyo
Sezvakune mwero yakasiyana-siyana yefunganyo, panewo marudzi akasiyana-siyana.
Funganyo yakakomba inoparirwa nefunganyo dzoupenyu hwemazuva ose. Kazhinji kazhinji, inobatanidza mamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi anofanira kugadziriswa. Sezvo izvi zvichingoitikawo uye zviri zvechinguvana bedzi, funganyo yacho kazhinji kazhinji inogona kubatwa nayo. Chokwadika, kune vamwe vanobuda munhamo imwe vachipinda mune imwe—zvirokwazvo, kuvhiringidzika kunoratidzika kuva rutivi rwounhu hwavo. Kunyange mwero uyu wefunganyo yakakomba unogona kudzorwa. Zvisinei, ari kutambura angaramba kuchinja, kutozosvikira aziva izvo mararamire oupenyu hwake anoparira nhamo ari kuita paari nepane avo vakamupoteredza.
Nepo funganyo yakakomba iri yechinguvana, funganyo inopfuurira ndeyenguva refu. Ari kutambura haaoni nzira yokubuda nayo mumamiriro ezvinhu anodzvinyirira, dzingava nhamo dzourombo kana kuti kutambura nebasa risingadiwi—kana kuti kushaya basa. Funganyo inopfuurira inogonawo kubva muzvinetso zvemhuri zvinopfuurira. Kutarisira mutezo wemhuri unorwara kunogona kuparirawo funganyo. Chingava chipi kana chipi chinoiparira, funganyo inopfuurira inodya nyajambwa wayo zuva rimwe pashure perimwe, vhiki imwe pashure peimwe, mwedzi mumwe pashure pomumwe. “Rutivi rwakaipisisa rwefunganyo inopfuurira nderwokuti vanhu vanoijaira,” rinodaro rimwe bhuku rinotaura pamusoro penyaya yacho. “Vanhu vanokurumidza kuziva funganyo yakakomba nemhaka yokuti itsva; vanofuratira funganyo inopfuurira nemhaka yokuti ndeyekare, vakaijaira, uye, pane dzimwe nguva, vanonzwa zvakanaka vainayo.”
Funganyo yenhamo mugumisiro wenhamo huru, yakadai sekubatwa chibharo, tsaona, kana kuti ngwavaira yomusikirwo. Vaimbova varwi vehondo nevapukunyuki vemisasa yevasungwa vakawanda vanotambura norudzi urwu rwefunganyo. Zviratidzo zvefunganyo yenhamo zvingabatanidza yeuko dzakajeka dzenhamo yacho, kunyange makore akati gare gare, pamwe chete nokukurumidza kutapurwa nezviitiko zviduku. Pane dzimwe nguva mutamburi anowanika ane mamiriro ezvinhu anonzi post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).—Ona bhokisi rakanzi riri pamusoro.
Kuitwa Anotapurwa Nyore Nyore Nefunganyo
Vamwe vanotaura kuti nzira yatinodavidza nayo kufunganyo pari zvino inotsamira zvikurukuru paukuru nerudzi rwefunganyo yatakasangana nayo munguva yakapfuura. Vanotaura kuti zvinoitika zvenhamo zvinotambudza zvinogona chaizvoizvo kuchinja “kushanda [kwemakemikoro] europi,” zvichisiya munhu achitapurwa nyore nyore zvikuru nefunganyo munguva yemberi. Somuenzaniso, mukunzverwa kwevaichimbova varwi veHondo Yenyika II vane 556, Dr. Lawrence Brass akawana kuti ngozi yesitiroko yaiva yakakwira nekasere pakati peavo vakambova vasungwa vehondo kupfuura pakati peavo vasina kumbova—kunyange makore 50 pashure penhamo yacho. “Funganyo yokuva POW [prisoner of war] yakanga yakomba kwazvo zvokuti yakachinja nzira iyo vanhu ava vaidavidza nayo kufunganyo munguva yemberi—yakavaita vanotapurwa nyore nyore.”
Zvinoitika zvinodzvinyirira zvakaitika muuduku hazvifaniri kudukupiswa, nyanzvi dzinodaro, sezvo izvi zvichigona kuva netapuro yakati kuti. “Vana vazhinjisa vanotambura nhamo havaunzwi kuna chiremba,” anodaro Dr. Jean King. “Vanopfuura nomuchinetso chacho, vopfuurira noupenyu hwavo, uye vanopedzisira vava mumahofisi edu makore gare gare, vachitambura nekuora mwoyo kana kuti hosha yemwoyo.” Rangarira, somuenzaniso, nhamo yokurasikirwa nomubereki. Funganyo yakakura zvakadaro inoitika apo unenge uri muduku ingachinja zvechigarire kushanda kwemakemikoro europi,” anodaro Dr. King, “ichihusiya husisanyatsokwanisi kubata nefunganyo dzomuzvarirwo, dzemazuva ose.”
Chokwadika, kuti munhu anodavidza sei kufunganyo kunogona kutsamira pazvimwewo zvikonzero zvinoverengekawo, kubatanidza maumbirwe omuviri wake nezvinhu zvinowanika kuti zvimubatsire kubata nezviitiko zvinodzvinyirira. Kunyange zvakadaro, pasinei zvapo nechakaikonzera, funganyo inogona kubatwa nayo. Sezvinobvumwa, izvi hazvisi nyore. Dr. Rachel Yehuda anoti: “Kuudza mumwe munhu anotapurwa nyore nyore nefunganyo kuti angosununguka zvake kwakafanana nokuudza munhu asingarari kuti angokotsira zvake.” Zvisinei, kune zvakawanda izvo munhu anogona kuita kuti aderedze funganyo, sezvicharatidzwa nenyaya inotevera.
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Funganyo Yebasa—“Chinoitika Chepasi Rose”
Mushumo weUnited Nations unoti: “Funganyo yazova imwe yenhau dzoutano dzakakomba zvikurusa dzezana remakore rechi20.” Kuvapo kwayo panzvimbo yebasa kwakajeka.
• Nhamba yevanhu vanobhadharwa nehurumende nemhaka yedzvinyiriro muAustralia yakawedzera ne90 muzana munhambo yemakore matatu bedzi.
• Kunzvera kwakaitwa muFrance kwakazivisa kuti 64 muzana yevakoti ne61 muzana yevadzidzisi vanotaura kuti havafadzwi nemhoteredzo inodzvinyirira iyo vanoshandira.
• Zvirwere zvakabatanidzwa nedzvinyiriro zvinodyira United States mari inofungidzirwa kuva mabhiriyoni $2 000 gore rimwe nerimwe. Kwakawanwa kuti 75 kusvika ku85 muzana yetsaona dzose dzomumaindasitiri ine chekuita nedzvinyiriro.
• Munyika nenyika, vakadzi vakawanwa vachitambura nedzvinyiriro kupfuura varume, zvichida nemhaka yokuti vanomhanya mhanya nemabasa akawanda zvikuru pakati pemusha nekubasa.
Funganyo pabasa chokwadi, sokudaidzwa kwainoitwa nemushumo weUnited Nations, “chinoitika chepasi rose.”
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PTSD—Davidzo Yomuzvarirwo Kuchinoitika Chisiri Chomuzvarirwo
‘Mwedzi mitatu pashure pokubondera kwedu nemotokari, ndakanga ndisati ndagona kurega kuchema, kana kuti kurara usiku. Kungobva pamba bedzi kwaityisa.’—Louise.
LOUISE anotambura nepost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), chirwere chinoparadza chinozivikanwa neyeuko dzinongoerekana dzaitika kana kuti zviroto zvechinoitika chenhamo. Munhu ane PTSD angavhunduka-vhundukawo zvakanyanyisa. Somuenzaniso, nyanzvi yezveutano hwendangariro Michael Davis inotaura nezveaichimbova murwi wehondo yeVietnam uyo pazuva rake romuchato akasvetukira mumakwenzi pakatinhira imwe motokari yaiva neinjini yaisashanda zvakanaka. Paifanira kuva nemarudzi ose ezviratidzo mumhoteredzo angadai akamuudza kuti zvinhu zvose zvakanga zvakanaka,” anodaro Davis. “Aiva makore 25 gare gare; akanga ari muUnited States, kwete Vietnam; . . . akanga akapfeka bhachi remuchato jena, kwete yunifomu yehondo. Asi apo kutinhira ikoko kwakanzwika, akatiza kunohwanda.”
Nhamo yehondo chinongova chinoparira chimwe bedzi chePTSD. Maererano neThe Harvard Mental Health Letter, hosha yacho inogona kuparirwa ne“chinoitika [chipi kana chipi] kana kuti nhevedzano yezvinoitika zvinobatanidza rufu chairwoirwo kana kuti kutyisidzirwa norufu kana kuti kukuvadzwa kwakakomba kana kuti kutya kukuvadzwa mumuviri. Ingava ngwavaira yomusikirwo, tsaona, kana kuti chinoitika chomunhu: mafashamo, moto, kudengenyeka kwepasi, kubondera kwemotokari, kubhomba, kupfura, kutambudzwa, kubiwa kwomunhu, kurwiswa, kubatwa chibharo, kana kuti kubatwa kwemwana zvisina kufanira.” Kungoona bedzi chinoitika chinotambudza kana kuti kuchiziva—zvichida kupfurikidza noufakazi hwakajeka kana kuti mifananidzo—kungatangisa zviratidzo zvePTSD, zvikurukuru kana vanhu vanobatanidzwa vari mitezo yemhuri kana kuti shamwari dzapedyo.
Chokwadika, vanhu vanodavidza kunhamo munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. “Vanhu vazhinjisa vanotambura chinoitika chinotambudza havavi nezviratidzo zvekukuvara kwendangariro, uye kunyange pane zviratidzo, hazvivi muchimiro chePTSD nguva dzose,” inotsanangura kudaro The Harvard Mental Health Letter. Zvakadini neavo vane funganyo inovatungamirira kuPTSD? Pashure penguva yakati, vamwe vanokwanisa kubata nemirangariro ine chekuita nenhamo yacho uye vanonyaradzwa. Vamwe vanopfuurira kurwisana neyeuko dzechinoitika chinotambudza makore akawanda pashure pokunge chaitika.
Chero zvinenge zvaitika, avo vanotambura nePTSD—neavo vanoda kuvabatsira—vanofanira kuyeuka kuti kunaya kunoda shiviriro. Bhaibheri rinorayira vaKristu ku“simbis[a] vanopera mwoyo” uye kuva “nomwoyo murefu kuna vose.” (1 VaTesaronika 5:14) Kuna Louise, ambodudzwa pamavambo, mwedzi mishanu yakapera asati agona kutyaira motokari zvakare. “Pasinei zvapo nokufambira mberi kwandaita,” akataura kudaro makore mana pashure petsaona yacho, “kutyaira hakuchazombofa kwakava chinoitika chinofadza kwandiri sezvakwakanga kwakaita. Chinhu chandinofanira kuita, naizvozvo ndinochiita. Asi ndafambira mberi zvikuru kubvira panguva yakaoma yapashure petsaona.”
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Vashandi vakawanda vemumahofisi vanofunganya
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Haisi funganyo yose yakakuipira