Snail Fever—Mugumo Wayo Wava Pedyo Here?
YAKANYORWA NEMUNYORI WEMUKAI! MUNIGERIA
PASINEI zvapo nokufambira mberi kunoshamisa mune zvokurapa uye sayenzi, rudzi rwomunhu harusi kukwanisa kupedza zvakawanda zvezvinetso zvarwo zvemakore. Ikoku kwave kuri kwechokwadi nezvenhamburiko dzokukurira snail fever.
Sezvinooneka, zvinodikanwa zvose zvinowanika zvokuitisa basa. Vanachiremba vanonzwisisa kutenderera kweupenyu hwechisvetaropa chinobatanidzwa. Hosha yacho inooneka nyore nyore. Mirimo inoshanda yokuirapa inowanika. Vatungamiriri vehurumende vanodisa kutsigira nhamburiko dzokuidzivisa. Bva, mugumo wehosha iyi hausi pedyo nokuti inotambudza mamiriyoni evanhu muAfrica, Asia, Caribbean, Middle East, uye South America.
Snail fever (inonziwo chipfunga kana kuti schistosomiasis) yakatambudza vanhu kwezviuru zvemakore. Mazai akaoma necalcium anowanwa muzvitunha zvevaEgipita anobvumikisa kuti hosha yacho yakatambudza vaEgipita mumazuva avanaFarao. Makumi matatu emazana emakore gare gare, hosha imwe cheteyo inopfuurira kutambudza Egypt, ichirukutisa utano hwemamiriyoni evagari venyika iyoyo. Mune mimwe misha yeNile Delta, vanhu 9 mu10 vari vose vakatapurwa.
Egypt inongova imwe yenyika 74 kana kuti dzinopfuura umo snail fever iri. Munyika yose, maererano nenhamba dzeWorld Health Organization (WHO), vanhu vane mamiriyoni 200 anotapurwa nehosha yacho. Pamamiriyoni 20 evanorwara kwenguva refu, vanenge 200 000 vanofa gore rimwe nerimwe. Pakati pehosha dzemunyika dzinopisa zvikuru dzinoparirwa nezvisvetaropa, snail fever inonzi ndeyechipiri kumarariya bedzi kana toreva nezvevanhu vainotambudza uye kuparadza nzanga noupfumi kwainoparira.
Kutenderera Kweupenyu Hwechisvetaropa
Kunzwisisa snail fever, uye nokudaro kuziva nzira yokuidzivisa nokuirapa nayo, kunoreva kunzwisisa chisvetaropa chinoiparira. Pfundo rinokosha ndeiri: Kuti chirarame nokuwanda kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kuchizvarwa, ichi chisvetaropa chinoda zvipenyu zvachinogara mazviri zviviri, zvisikwa zvipenyu zviviri umo chinogona kudya ndokukura chiri mukati mazvo. Chimwe chacho chisikwa chinoyamwisa, chakadai somunhu; chimwe chacho ihozhwa yomumvura.
Izvi ndizvo zvinoitika. Apo munhu akatapurwa nechisvetaropa chacho anoitira weti kana kuti tsvina mumvura yomudziva, nyanza, hova, kana kuti rwizi, anobudisa mazai echisvetaropa—sezvinobvira mazai anosvika miriyoni pazuva. Aya mazai madukusa zvokusagona kuoneka pasina yamuro yemaikorosikopo. Apo mazai acho anopinda mumvura, anochechenya, achibudisa zvisvetaropa. Zvisvetaropa zvacho zvinoshandisa mvere duku duku dziri pamiviri yazvo kushambira zvichienda kuhozhwa yemumvura, iyo zvinopinda. Mukati mehozhwa yacho, zvinowanda kwemavhiki mana kusvikira kumanomwe anotevera.
Apo zvinobuda muhozhwa, zvine maawa 48 bedzi okuti zviwane ndokupinda mumunhu kana kuti chimwe chisikwa chinoyamwisa. Zvikasadaro, zvinofa. Pakusvika muchipenyu chachinogara chakadaro chinenge chapinda mumvura, chisvetaropa chacho chinoboora nomuganda ndokupinda muropa. Ikoku kungaparira kuti munhu anzwe kuvava, kunyange zvazvo kazhinji kazhinji asina chiratidzo chokuti kuvhozhokerwa kwaitika. Muropa, chisvetaropa chacho chinofamba kuenda kutsinga dzeropa dzedundira kana kuti ura, zvichitsamira parudzi rwechisvetaropa chacho. Mukati memavhiki zvisvetaropa zvacho zvinokura kuva honye rume nehadzi dzakura dzinosvika 25mm muurefu. Pashure pokusangana, hadzi yacho inovamba kubudisira mazai muropa rechipenyu chainogara, nokudaro ichipedzisa kutenderera kwacho.
Inenge hafu yemazai acho inobuda mumuviri wechipenyu chainogara nomutsvina (musnail fever yomuura) kana kuti muweti (musnail fever yomuweti). Mamwe mazai ose asara anoramba ari mumuviri uye anokuvadza mitezo inokosha. Sezvo hosha yacho inopfuurira, murwere wacho angavamba kuva nefivha, kuzvimba dumbu, uye kubuda ropa mukati. Pakupedzisira hosha yacho inogona kutungamirira kukenza yedundira kana kuti kukundikana kwechiropa kana kuti itsvo. Vamwe vanyajambwa vanova ngomwa kana kuti vanoremara. Vamwe vanofa.
Mhinduro Nezvinetso
Kudzivisa kupararira kwehosha yacho, zvinenge zvinhu zvina zvinogona kuitwa. Kudai ripi neripi reaya matanho raizoshandiswa munyika yose, hosha yacho yaizotsvairwa.
Nhano yekutanga kubvisa hozhwa mumanyuko emvura. Hozhwa dzinokosha kukukura kwechisvetaropa. Pasina hozhwa, hapana snail fever.
Nhamburiko huru yave iri yokubudisa chepfu yakasimba zvakakwana kuti iuraye hozhwa asi isati ichizosvibisa mhoteredzo. Muma 1960 nema1970, nhamburiko dzokuparadza hozhwa dzakabudirira mukuuraya upenyu hwose hwaiva mumvura zhinji. Nhamburiko dzakaitwa paTheodor Bilharz Research Institute yeEgypt kuwana mushonga wehozhwa (mushonga unouraya hozhwa) usingaurayi zvimwe zvimiro zvoupenyu. Dr. Zein El Abdeen, purezidhendi wesangano racho, anoti pamusoro pemushonga wakadaro: “Uchakandwa mumvura, inoshandiswa nokuda kwezvirimwa, inonwiwa nevanhu uye nemhuka, uye munogara hove, naizvozvo tinofanira kuva nechokwadi chose chose kuti hapana nechimwe chaizvozvi chinotapurwa.”
Nhano yechipiri kuuraya zvisvetaropa zvacho muvanhu. Kutozosvikira pakati pema1970, kurapa kwaibatanidza mirimo yaiparira zvakaipa zvakawanda nezvinetso. Kazhinji kazhinji, kurapa kwaida nhevedzano yemajekiseni airwadza. Vamwe vakanyunyuta kuti kurapa kwacho kwairwadza kupfuura hosha yacho! Kubvira ipapo, mirimo mitsva, yakadai sepraziquantel yakatangwa inoshanda mukuparadza snail fever, uye iyi inogona kudyiwa nomuromo.
Kunyange zvazvo mirimo iyi yakabvumikisa kuva inobudirira mumabasa okunzvera muAfrica neSouth America, chinetso chikuru nokuda kwenyika dzakawanda chave chiri mutengo wacho. WHO yakakuwa muna 1991 kuti: “Nyika dzine hosha iyi hadzikwanisi kupfuurira negadziriro dzokudzora [snail fever] pamwero mukuru nemhaka yendyiko huru dzokurapa kwacho; mutengo mukuru wemari chaiyo wemurimo wacho umene kazhinji kazhinji unopfuura mari yomunhu mumwe nomumwe inogovera mapazi eutano mazhinjisa eAfrica.”
Kunyange uko mirimo yacho inoitwa kuti iwanike pasina muripo kuvarwere, vanhu vazhinji havaendi kunorapwa. Nei? Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti mwero wokufa nehosha yacho wakaderera zvikuru, naizvozvo vamwe vanhu havairangariri sechinetso chakakomba. Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti vanhu havawanzoziva zviratidzo zvehosha yacho. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeAfrica, ropa muweti (chiratidzo chikuru chehosha yacho) rinozivikanwa navose kwazvo zvokuti rinorangarirwa serutivi rwenguva dzose rwokuyaruka.
Nhano yechitatu kusaisa mazai mumvura. Kudai zvimbudzi zvaivakwa kudzivisa kusvibiswa kwehova nemadziva zvomunzvimbomo uye kudai munhu ari wose aizvishandisa, ngozi yokubata snail fever yaigona kuderedzwa.
Nzvero dzomunyika yose dzinoratidza kuderera kukuru muhosha yacho pashure pokuvakwa kwemanyuko emvura ane mapaipi uye zvimbudzi, asi idzi gadziriro hadzivimbisi kudzivisa. “Kunongoda munhu mumwe bedzi kuti aitire tsvina mumugero kuti kutenderera kwacho kupfuurire,” anodaro musayendisiti Alan Fenwick, uyo akanzvera snail fever kwemakore anopfuura 20. Panewo ngozi yemapaipi etsvina akatsemuka anobudisira tsvina ine utachiona mumanyuko emvura.
Nhano yechina kudzivisa vanhu kupinda mumvura yakasvibiswa nechisvetaropa. Ikokuwo hakusi nyore sezvakungaratidzika. Munyika zhinji nyanza, hova, uye nzizi dzinogovera mvura yokunwa dzinoshandiswa nokuda kwokugeza, kudiridza zvirimwa, uyewo kugeza mbatya. Varedzi vanopinda mumvura zuva nezuva. Uye mukupisa kukuru kwemunyika dzinopisa zvikuru, kuvana dziva remvura rinogona kuva duhwino risingadzivisiki.
Itariroi Iripo Nokuda Kwenguva Yemberi?
Hapana mubvunzo kuti vanhu vapachokwadi nemasangano vari kushanda zvakaoma kuti varwise snail fever uye kuti fambiro mberi huru yakaitwa. Vanzveri vari kutoshanda kuti vagadzire nhomba yokuirwisa.
Kunyange zvakadaro, kariro dzokuparadza hosha yacho dzinoratidzika kuva dziri kure. Dr. M. Larivière mumagazini yezvokurapa yeFrance La Revue du Praticien anoti: “Pasinei zvapo nebudiriro . . . , hosha yacho iri kure nokunyangarika.” Kunyange zvazvo kudziviswa nokurapwa kuchigona kubvira nokuda kwevanhu vamwe navamwe, mushonga wemunyika yose kuchinetso chesnail fever ungasawanikwa kutozosvikira munyika itsva yaMwari yauya. Bhaibheri rinopikira kuti hakuna “ugeremo uchati, Ndinorwara.”—Isaya 33:24.
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 15]
Apo vanopinda mumvura yakasvibiswa, vanhu vanogona kuzadzwa nezvisvetaropa zvinoparira “snail fever”