Huni—Nguva Yemberi Iri Kuroroma Here?

Yakanyorwa Nomunyori waMukai! womuNigeria

ZUVA rinodoka uye utonga hunotsvuka mudenga reAfrica. Sampa anobikira murume wake navana vavo mupunga. Anochera mvura muchirongo ndokuidururira mupoto yealuminum yakasvipiswa noutsi. Pasi pepoto panobvira mwoto mushoma, unoveswa notutanda tukobvu tutatu.

Murwi wakaunganidzwa pedyopo ndowehuni dzakawanda. Sampa anodzitenga kuvanhu vanodziunza namarori kubva kumakomo. Huni dzinokosha. Kana pasina huni panogona kusava nomwoto. Kana pasina mwoto haungagoni kubika mupunga.

Mwanakomana wedangwe waSampa anoti: “Apo tinenge tisina huni, hatidyi.” Anonongedzera kumisha yavapfumi iri muchikomo. “Mudzimba idzodzo, mune magetsi. Mune zvitofu zvinoshanda namagetsi uye zvimwe zvitofu zvinoshanda negasi.” Anotendeukira kumwoto, anozunza mapfudzi, ndokuti: “Isu tinoshandisa huni.”

Mukureva nezvaikoku, mhuri yaSampa ina vakawanda vane migariro mimwe cheteyo. Pavanhu 4 vari vose vari munyika iri kubudirira, 3 vanotsamira pahuni samanyuko avo bedzi ezvokubikisa nokuda kwokubika uye kudziya. Asi kune perevedzo inopedza zano rose zvaro yehuni.

Mukuwirirana neFAO (UN Food and Agriculture Organization), ukuru hwenhamo yehuni hwakakomba chaizvo. Vanenge vanhu vane bhirioni rimwe munyika dziri kubudirira vari kunangana neperevedzo dzehuni. Kana migariro yazvino uno ikapfuurira, ichi chiverengero nenzira iri nyore chingapeta nakaviri pakuzosvika pakupera kwezana ramakore. Mumiriri weFAO akati: “Ndokwoukoshi huduku kugovera zvokudya vane nzara venyika kana vachishaiwa zvokuzvibikisa nazvo.”

Neiko Pane Perevedzo?

Kubvira munguva dzekaresa, rudzi rwomunhu rwakashandisa huni nokuda kwechokubikisa. Chikonzero nei? Huni dzinobetsera zvikuru. Haudi midziyo inodhura kana kuti ruzivo rwounyanzvi rukuru kuti udziwane. Kutoti uchinyanyoshandiswa, mugove unogona kutsigirwa nokukura kwemiti mitsva. Kubika uye kudziya huni hakusati kuchida zvitofu kana kuti mbaura. Uye nomutoo wakakwana, huni ndedzapachena uye dziri dzinowanika sapamuti uri pedyosa. Pave pari bedzi pakati pamakore ana mazana maviri apfuura apo marudzi akapfuma zvikuru enyika akachinjira kune zvimwe zvokubikisa, zvakadai segasi, marasha, uye mafuta. Vamwe vasara vakaramba vane huni.

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti chisakiso chechinetso nhasi ndiko kukura kwechiverengero chavagari vapasi kunokatyamadza. Vanhu zvavanowedzera muchiverengero, masango anotemwa kuti nzvimbo dzokugara dzifutunurwe, kukudza minda yokurima, uye kugovera matanda nokuda kwenzvimbo dzamabasa pamwe chete nokuda kwechokubikisa. Kutemwa kwokukurumidza kwamasango kunoitika mukubudirira kweinenge nyika iri yose. North America uye Europe dzakatambura mugariro wakadaro.

Asi chiverengero chavagari vapasi chanhasi chiri kukura pamwero unokatyamadza. Panyika ino panotova navanhu vana mabhirioni mashanu nehafu. Mumarudzi ari kubudirira, zviverengero zvavagari vapasi zvinopeta nakaviri mumakore ari ose ane 20 kusvikira ku 30. Sezvo chiverengero chavanhu chinowedzera, ndozvinoitawo kudiwa kwehuni. Kwakaita sokunge kuti chiverengero chavagari vapasi chava chikara chihombe, chinodya sango chiine nzara chisingagutsikani, chikara chiya chinokura zvikuru uye chinonzwa nzara zvikuru zuva riri rose. Mugove wehuni nenzira iyeyo unopera usati wagona kutsiviwa. Mukuwirirana neFAO, vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni ane zana munyika dzine 26 vava kusatokwanisa kuwana huni dzakaringanira kutarisira kunyange zvinodikanwa zvavo zvinokosha zvikurusa.

Bva, handi vose vanogara munyika dzine kushaikwa kukuru vanotambura zvakaenzana. Avo vanogona kutsunga kuita kudaro vanongochinjira havo kune zvimwe zvokubikisa, zvakadai separafini kana kuti gasi rinochengeterwa mumabhodhoro. Nhamo yehuni inhamo yavarombo, vari kukura muchiverengero.

Simba Pavanhu

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya mutengo wehuni wakapetwa nakaviri, nakatatu, uye mune dzimwe nyika nekana. Nhasi, mitengo inopfuurira kukwira sezvo nzvimbo dzakapoteredza maguta dziri kutemwa miti. Maguta akawanda muAsia nomuAfrica zvino akapoteredzwa nenharaunda dzinenge dzakatemwa masango chose chose. Mamwe maguta anofanira kupinza huni kubva kunzvimbo dziri kure namakiromita anopfuura zana namakumi matanhatu.

Mitengo inokwira inowedzera kumutwaro waavo vanotova varombo zvokupererwa nezano rose. Kunzvera kwakaratidza kuti mumativi eCentral America neWest Africa, mhuri dzamapoka anoshanda dzinobhadhara yakawanda se 30 muzana yomubhadharo wadzo wose nokuda kwehuni. Chimwe chinhu chiri chose—zvokudya, zvipfeko, dzimba, chokufambisa, dzidzo—chinofanira kuwanwa painosara. Kwavari dimikira rokuti “chinoenda pasi pepoto chinodya mari yakawanda kupinda chinopinda mupoto” nderechokwadi.

Vanokwanisa sei? Uko huni dzisingaoneki kana kuti dzinodhura, vanhu vanotapudza chiverengero chezvokudya zvinopisa zvavanodya. Vanotenga zvokudya zvomutengo wakaderera kana kuti zvokudya zvishoma, zvichiguma nezvokudya zvinovaka muviri zvishoma. Vanobikawo zvokudya zvavo kashoma. Utachiona nezvipukanana zvinorarama nokudya zvomumuviri hazviurawi, uye zvokudya zvishomanene zvinovaka zvinotorwa nomuviri. Vanokundikana kuvirisa mvura yavo yokunwa. Vanotsvaka chinhu chipi nechipi chingatsva.

Mamirioni avanhu vakatendeukira kune zvokubikisa zvine mwero wakaderera, zvakadai souswa, mashanga, kana kuti ndove yemhuka yakaoma. Uko huni dzinodhura uye ndove isati, kunoratidzika kuva kune mufungo mukuchengetedza mari kuisa ndove pamwoto pane mumunda. Kazhinji kazhinji pane chisarudzo chiduku. Asi kurasikirwa ndokwokuti ivhu rinonyimwa zvinhu zvinokosha. Pashure penguva yakati ivhu rinorasikirwa nokubereka zvibereko ndokuoma.

Kunyange zvazvo avo vanogara munharaunda dzomumaruwa vasingawanzoripira mari nokuda kwehuni dzavo, kusawanikwa kwadzo kunowedzera zvikurukuru kunguva inopedzerwa mukudziteza. Mumativi eSouth America, vakadzi vanopedza 10 muzana yezuva ravo vachiteza huni. Mune dzimwe nyika dzeAfrica, zuva rimwe rizere rokuteza rinogovera bedzi mugove wamazuva matatu. Padzimwe nguva mhuri dzinogadza mwana mumwe kushanda nguva izere achitsvaka chokubikisa.

Kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru, mhoteredzo yomumaruwa inopirwa kuti isvitse zvinodikanwa zveguta. Huni dzinotemwa uye dzinotengeswa nokukurumidza zvikurusa kupinda kukura kwadzinoita. Nokudaro migove inoderera, uye mhuri dzinotamira kumaguta kana kuti zvimwe dzinopedzera nguva yakawanda dzichiteza huni dzadzo dzimene.

Nokudaro, mamirioni avanhu anopedza nguva yakawanda nemari kuti asvitse chinodikanwa chavo chinokosha nokuda kwechokubikisa. Pane zvokutsiva nazvo here? Kuna varombo kunoreva kudya kashoma, kuva vanotonhorwa, uye kugara vasina mwenje usiku.

Chiri Kuitwa

Makore akati akapfuura kukomba kwenjodzi yehuni kwakavamba kuwana ngwariro yamarudzi ose. Bhangi reNyika Yose namamwe masangano zvakadira mari mumabasa okusimwa kwemiti. Kunyange zvazvo asiri mabasa ose iwaya akabudirira, zvizhinji zvakadzidzwa. Ruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwakaratidza kuti chigadzikiso chenjodzi yehuni chakanga chisati chichingova nhau yokusima miti yakawanda. Chikonzero chimwe chakanga chiri chokuti varongedzeri padzimwe nguva vaikundikana kurangarira kunzwa kwavanhu vomunzvimbomo. Nokudaro, mune imwe nyika yeWest Africa, vagari vomumisha vakaparadza mbesanwa nemhaka yokuti dzakanga dzasimwa mumafuro egamuchidzanwa.

Chimwe chinetso chakanga chiri chokuti kusimwa kwemiti inhau yenhambo refu. Kungada anosvika kumakore 25 miti isati yakwanisa kuita huni pahwaro hwokuzvitsigira. Ikoku kunoreva kunonozeka pakati pemari nemhindu. Kunorevawo kuti kusima hakuiti chinhu kuti kusvitse chinodikanwa chazvino uno.

Mabasa okusimazve miti ari kuitwa munyika dzakawanda. Asi achasvitsa zvinodikanwa zvomunguva yemberi here? Nyanzvi dzokusimwa kwemiti dzinoti kwete. Miti iri kutemwa nokukurumidza zvikurusa kupfuura kutsiviwa kwairi kuitwa. Munzveri weWorldwatch Institute anonyora, kuti: “Sezvineiwo, chido chezvamatongerwe enyika uye kushanda kwezvinhu zvinodikanwa kuputsa nhambo yakarerwa nokutemwa kwemiti chiri kushaikwa munzvimbo zhinji dzinopisa dzeThird World. Panguva ino, hekita imwe yemiti inosimwa nokuda kwamahekita gumi ari ose. Mukaha wakakura zvikurusa muAfrica, uko mwero wokutemera kusima uri makumi maviri nepfumbamwe kumumwe. Kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvehuni zvakarongwa zveThird World pakuzosvika [gore] ra 2000 kungada wedzero yorune gumi nenhatu mumwero wazvino uno wokusima miti nokuda kwokushandisa kusati kuri kwenzvimbo dzamabasa.”

Kariro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Nhasi vanhu vazhinji vapachokwadi vanobatikana nomutoo wokushingaira mukuedza kupedza chinetso cheperevedzo yehuni. Bva, zvikarakadzo zvavo zvomunguva yemberi zvinowanzova zvisina tariro. Vanzveri vokuongororwa kwapasi vanonyora mubhuku ravo rinonzi Fuelwood—The Energy Crisis That Won’t Go Away: “Nhano dzose dzakadaro [dzokurwisa njodzi yehuni] hadzingagoni kutapudza zvizere mitwaro iyo kushaika kwezvokubikisa nokukwira kwemitengo yehuni zvichaisa pavarombo.” Bhuku rokudzidzisa reFAO rinonzi The Fuelwood Crisis and Population—Africa rinoti: “Kuedza kupi nokupi kwokupedza chinetso kuchava nebviro duku yorubudiriro kutozosvikira kukura kwechiverengero chavagari vapasi kwadzorwa.” Chinetso chimwe chetecho chinoratidza, zvisinei, kuti chiverengero chavagari vapasi chichapfuurira kukura “nokuti vabereki vamangwana vakawanda zvikuru kupfuura vabereki vanhasi. Vabereki vamangwana vakatoberekwa.”

Mukusiana nefembero dzakadaro dzeshurikidzo, uporofita hweBhaibheri hunoratidza zvakajeka kuti Mwari Wamasimba ose anorongedzera chisati chiri chisingasviki dzorerwo yakakwana yeParadhiso kupasi rino. (Ruka 23:43) Zvinetso zvakaoma pamusoro pehuni, chiverengero chavagari vapasi, uye urombo hazvisati zviri zvisingapedzwi namano ake.—Isaya 65:17-25.

Nguva yemberi iri kuroroma here? Nyangwe! Nokukurumidza uporofita hunoreva nezvoMusiki wedu ane rudo huchazadzika, hunoti: “Imi munofumbanura chanza chenyu uye munogutsa chishuvo chechinhu chipenyu chiri chose.”—Pisarema 145:16, NW.

[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 19]

‘Ndokwoukoshi huduku kugovera zvokudya kana ivo vachishaiwa mitoo yokuzvibika nayo’