Vashanduri Vaviri Vakadzorera Zita raMwari muTestamende Itsva

Mumwe weminyengetero inotanga kuzivikanwa nevakawanda unonzi Munyengetero waShe, uyo Jesu akadzidzisa vateveri vake. Munyengetero uyu uri mune inozivikanwa nevakawanda seTestamende Itsva. Munyengetero wacho unotanga uchiti: “Baba vedu vari kudenga, zita renyu ngaritsveneswe [kana kuti ngarikudzwe].” (Mateu 6:9) Asi zita raMwari rinoshandurwa muChirungu kuti“Jehovah” kana kuti Yaweh, hariwanzowaniki muTestamende Itsva dzeChirungu. Zvisinei, shanduro idzi dzine mazita avanamwari venhema akadai saZeusi, Hemesi uye Atemisi. Saka zita raMwari wechokwadi uyo akanyora Bhaibheri harifaniri here kuwanika mushanduro idzi?—Mabasa 14:12; 19:35; 2 Timoti 3:16.

Vashanduri veBhaibheri reChirungu, Lancelot Shadwell naFrederick Parker vaifunga kuti zita raMwari rinofanira “kudzorerwa” muTestamende Itsva. Nei vakashandisa shoko rekuti “kudzorerwa”? Nekuti vakaona kuti pakutanga zita Mwari raimbovamo asi rakazobviswa. Chii chakaita kuti vadaro?

Shadwell naParker vaiziva kuti zita raMwari rinowanika kane zviuru muzvinyorwa zveinozivikanwa seTestamende Yekare, iyo ine zvikamu zvakakura zvakatanga kunyorwa muchiHebheru. Saka vainetseka kuti nei zvinyorwa zvaivapo zveTestamende Itsva zvakanga zvisina zita raMwari.a Shadwell akaona kuti zvinyorwa zveTestamende Itsva pazvinoshandisa mashoko anowanzowanika muTestamende Yekare, akadai seekuti “ngirozi yaJehovha,” vakopi veTestamende Itsva yechiGiriki vanofanira kunge vakatsiva zita raMwari nemashoko akadai serekuti Kyʹri·os, iro rinoreva kuti “Ishe.”—2 Madzimambo 1:3, 15; Mabasa 12:23.

Shadwell naParker vasati vatombobudisa shanduro dzavo dzeChirungu, vamwe vashanduri vakanga vatodzorera zita raMwari mushanduro dzavo dzeChirungu dzeTestamende Itsva, asi vakangoridzorera munzvimbo shoma dzaraiwanika.b Parker akabudisa shanduro yake inonzi A Literal Translation of the New Testament muna 1863. Asati abudisa shanduro iyi, zvinoita sekuti hapana mumwe mushanduri weChirungu akanga adzorera zita raMwari munzvimbo dzakawanda dzaraiwanika muTestamende Itsva sezvaakaita. Lancelot Shadwell naFrederick Parker vaiva vanaani?

Lancelot Shadwell

Lancelot Shadwell (1808-1861) aiva gweta uye mwanakomana waSir Lancelot Shadwell, vaiva vice-chancellor weEngland, uye aipinda Church of England. Kunyange zvazvo aitenda mudzidziso yeUtatu, akaratidza kuti airemekedza zita raMwari uye akataura nezvaro achiti “zita rinokudzwa raJEHOVHA.” Mushanduro yake inonzi, The Gospels of Matthew, and of Mark, akashandisa zita rekuti “Jehovha” ka28 mumavhesi uye ka465 mune mamwe mashoko ekuwedzera.

Shadwell anogona kunge akaziva nezvezita raMwari paaiverenga Testamende Yekare muchiHebheru. Akataura kuti vaya vakatsiva zita raMwari neshoko rekuti Kyʹri·os mushanduro yechiGiriki yeTestamende Yekare “vaiva vashanduri vasina kuvimbika.”

Evhangeri yaMateu yakashandurirwa muChirungu naL. Shadwell (1859), rakabva kuBodleian Libraries. Licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 UK. Modified: Text highlighted

Mushanduro yake, Shadwell akatanga kushandisa zita rekuti “Jehovha” pana Mateu 1:20. Mashoko ake ekutsanangura vhesi yacho anoti: “Shoko rekuti [Kyʹri·os] muvhesi iyi, uye mune mamwe akawanda muTestamende Itsva rinoreva JEHOVHA, zita chairo raMwari: uye zvakakosha chaizvo kudzorera zita iri mushanduro yeChirungu.” Akatiwo: “Tinofanira kuita izvi kuti tikudze Mwari. Akazivisa kuti anonzi JEHOVHA: uye chinhu chakanakisa chatingaita kushandisa zita iroro patinotaura nezvake.” Akazoti: “MuBhaibheri redu reE. V. [kureva Established, Authorized kana kuti King James Version], zita rekuti JEHOVHA rinowanika apo neapo . . . Pane kuti rishandise zita chairo raMwari, rinoshandisa rekuti, Ishe.” Shadwell akati: “Zita rekuti Ishe . . . harina kutombokodzera zvachose” kutsiva zita raMwari. Akatiwo kunyange iye anotonzi “Ishe” kumba kwake.

Shadwell akabudisa shanduro yake yaMateu muna 1859 uye yakabatanidzwa yaMateu naMako muna 1861. Asi basa rake rakazomira paakafa musi wa11 January 1861, ava nemakore 52. Zvisinei, akanga ashandira zviripo.

Frederick Parker

Mumwe muzvinabhizimisi wekuLondon akanga akapfuma chaizvo ainzi Frederick Parker (1804-1888), akanzwa nezveshanduro yaShadwell yaMateu. Parker akanga atanga kushandura Testamende Itsva aine makore anenge 20. Parker aisatenda mudzidziso yeUtatu sezvaiitwa naShadwell. Akanyora kuti: “[Dai] Chechi yese yeMwanakomana anodiwa [waMwari] . . . ikagamuchira chokwadi nemwoyo wese . . . yonamata Jehovha mumwe chete Wemasimbaose.” Parker akaonawo kuti zvinyorwa zveTestamende Itsva zvinoshandisa shoko rekuti Kyʹri·os zvichireva Mwari uye Jesu zvinoita kuti zviome kuvasiyanisa. Saka akafara paakaona kuti mune mamwe mavhesi, Shadwell aishandura shoko rekuti Kyʹri·os achiti “Jehovha.”

Parker akasvika sei pakunzwisisa nyaya idzi? Akadzidza chiGiriki uye akanyora mabhuku nematurakiti akawanda ekutsanangura mutauro wechiGiriki. Aivawo mumwe wevaiva muAnglo-Biblical Institute, iyo yaikurudzira kutsvakurudza zvinyorwa zveBhaibheri kuti pave neshanduro dzeBhaibheri dzeChirungu dzakanaka. Muna 1842, Parker akatanga kubudisa shanduro yake yekutanga yeTestamende Itsva iri muzvikamu.c

Zvakaitwa naParker Kuti Adzorere Zita raMwari

Kwemakore, Parker akanga anyora nezvemibvunzo yakadai seyekuti: “Ndepapi shoko rekuti Kyʹri·os parinoreva Jesu, uye ndepapi parinoreva Mwari?” “Nei shoko rekuti Kyʹri·os richiwanzoshandiswa sezita chairo kwete sezita rekuremekedza?”

Parker paakaona shanduro yaShadwell yaMateu yakabudiswa muna 1859 uye tsanangudzo dzaivamo dzeshoko rekuti Kyʹri·os, akava nechokwadi chekuti mune mamwe mavhesi, shoko rekuti Kyʹri·os “rinofanira kushandurwa richinzi Jehovha.” Saka akadzokorora shanduro yake yese yeTestamende Itsva kuti aise zita rekuti “Jehovha” pese paaiona kuti ndizvo zvairehwa nemashoko akapoteredza kana kuti nemutauro wechiGiriki. Saka imwe shanduro yaParker ya1863 yakanzi A Literal Translation of the New Testament ine zita raMwari kanosvika ka187. Zvinoita sekuti iyi ndiyo shanduro yeChirungu yekutanga yakabudiswa inoshandisa zita raMwari muMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki ese.d

Muna 1864, Parker akabudisawo shanduro yainzi A Collation of an English Version of the New Testament . . . With the Authorized English Version. Akabudisa shanduro mbiri idzi dzeTestamende Itsva dzakabatanidzwa kuti aratidze kuti shanduro yake yakanga yakasiyana papi neimwe yacho.e

Kuti aratidze kukosha kwekudzorera zita raMwari, Parker akataura nezvemamwe mavhesi ari muAuthorized Version, kusanganisira VaRoma 10:13, inoti: “Nokuti ani naani anodana kuzita raShe achaponeswa.” Parker akabvunza kuti: “Pane here akambofunga kuti mavhesi aya ari muAuthorized English Version ari kutaura nezvaJehovha kwete Mwanakomana wake, Jesu Kristu Ishe wedu”?

Parker akashandisa mari yakawanda chaizvo kuti abudise nekushambadzira zvinhu zvaakanga anyora. Mugore rimwe chete akatoshandisa mari inosvika US$132 000 yemazuva ano. Akapawo mahara mabhuku ake akawanda kuvanhu vaaizivana navo uye kuvakuru vakuru vemachechi vakakurumbira kuti vaaongorore.

Zvinhu zvakanyorwa naParker uye shanduro dzake dzeTestamende Itsva hazvina kunyanya kuprindwa uye dzimwe nyanzvi dzeBhaibheri dzakashora basa rake. Kushora kwavakaita kwakaratidza kuti vaisakoshesa kushanda nesimba kwakaitwa naParker, Shadwell nevamwe kuti vadzorere zita raMwari muTestamende Itsva yeChirungu.

Unogonawo kuona vhidhiyo iyi yemaminitsi 10: Kushanya Kumiziyamu Iri kuWarwick: “Bhaibheri Uye Zita raMwari.”