Coverdale Munhu Akadhindisa Bhaibheri Rakazara Rokutanga muChirungu

BHAIBHERI rakazara rakatanga kudhindwa muChirungu rakanga risina zita romunhu akaita kuti ridhindwe. Akarishandura ndiMiles Coverdale, uye shanduro yake iyi yakadhindwa muna 1535. Panguva iyoyo, shamwari yake William Tyndale aiva mujeri, asungirwa kushandura Bhaibheri. Tyndale akazourayiwa gore rakatevera racho.

Zvimwe zvakashandurwa naCoverdale aizvitora pane zvakanga zvashandurwa naTyndale. Sei Coverdale akakwanisa kudhindisa shanduro yake asingaurayiwi, nepo mazuva iwayo vamwe vashanduri veBhaibheri vaiurayiwa? Coverdale akazopedzisira abudirira kuitei?

Matangiro Azvakaita

Miles Coverdale angangodaro akaberekwa mugore ra1488 kuYorkshire, England. Akaita zvidzidzo zvake kuCambridge University akagadzwa kuva mupristi weRoma muna 1514. Mudzidzisi wake ainzi Robert Barnes ndiye akamukurudzira kuchinja maitirwo aiitwa zvinhu muchechi yeRoma. Barnes akatizira kuEurope muna 1528. Kwapera makore gumi nemaviri, Barnes akapisirwa padanda nevatungamiriri vechechi yeRoma.

Pakazosvika 1528, Coverdale akanga atanga kuparidza muchechi yeRoma achitaura kuti zvayaiita zvokunamata zvidhori, kureurura uye Misa, zvakanga zvisiri muMagwaro. Akabva abuda muEngland panguva iyoyo ava kutyira upenyu hwake, achibva apedza makore manomwe asimo.

Coverdale akanogara naWilliam Tyndale kuHamburg muGermany. Vakashanda vose kuti vabudise Bhaibheri raigona kuverengwa nevanhu. Panguva iyi, Coverdale akadzidza zvakawanda kuna Tyndale nezvounyanzvi hwokushandura Bhaibheri.

Nguva Yokuchinja

Izvi pazvaiitika, zvinhu zvakanga zvichichinja muEngland. Muna 1534, Mambo weEngland ainzi Henry VIII akanyatsozvidza pachena chiremerera chapapa wechechi yeRoma. Aitsigirawo pfungwa yokuita kuti Bhaibheri rigone kuverengwa nevanhu vose vaigona Chirungu. Nokufamba kwenguva, Coverdale akabva atanga kuita basa rokurishandura. Coverdale ainyatsogona Chirungu asi pachiHebheru nechiGiriki akanga asingasviki pashamwari yake yaimudzidzisa, Tyndale. Coverdale akadzokorora shanduro yakanga yaitwa naTyndale, achiishandura kubva muchiLatin nechiGerman.

Bhaibheri raCoverdale rakadhindwa muEurope muna 1535, Tyndale achibva azourayiwa gore rakatevera racho. Raiva nemashoko aiita kakuremekedza Mambo Henry asi ari okubata kumeso. Coverdale akavimbisa Henry kuti Bhaibheri racho rakanga risina mashoko omuzasi aTyndale, ayo aiva nemamwe mashoko aionekwa seasina kunaka, aisanganisira dzidziso dzechechi yeRoma dzisiri mumagwaro. Saka Henry akabvuma kuti Bhaibheri racho ribudiswe. Zvinhu zvakanga zvatanga kuchinja.

Muna 1537, shanduro mbiri dzeBhaibheri raCoverdale dzakatangazve kudhindwa muEngland. Mugore iroro, Mambo Henry akabvuma kuti shanduro yainzi Matthew’s Bible idhindwe. Shanduro iyi yakadhindirwa kuguta reAntwerp muBelgium yaiva mubatanidzwa weBhaibheri raTyndale neraCoverdale.

Thomas Cromwell, chipangamazano mukuru waMambo Henry, akabva angoona kuti shanduro yeMatthew’s Bible yaifanira kuvandudzwa, uye aitsigirwa nabhishopu mukuru weCanterbury. Saka akakumbirazve Coverdale kuti adzokorore kushandura Bhaibheri racho rose. Mambo Henry akapa mvumo yokuti shanduro iyi idhindwe muna 1539 uye akati maBhaibheri acho aiswe mumachechi kuti vanhu vose vakwanise kuaverenga. Bhaibheri iri rainzi Great Bible nemhaka yokukura kwaro. Munyika yacho yose vanhu vakafara chaizvo kuva neBhaibheri iri.

Nhaka yaCoverdale

Henry VIII afa uye mutsivi wake Edward VI agadzwa pachigaro, Coverdale akagadzwa kuva bhishopu weExeter muna 1551. Zvisinei, Mambokadzi weChechi yeRoma Mary paakatsiva Edward pachigaro muna 1553, Coverdale aitofanira kutizira kuDenmark. Akazotamira kuSwitzerland, kwaakaramba achishandira. Akabudisawo shanduro nhatu dzeChirungu dzeyava kunzi Testamende Itsva nevakawanda, idzo dzaiva nemashoko echiLatin aibatsira vafundisi pazvidzidzo zvavo.

Chinhu chaisatarisirwa chakaitwa naCoverdale kusiya zita raMwari rokuti “Jehovha” mushanduro yake. Tyndale akashandisa zita raMwari kanodarika ka20 mushanduro yake yeMagwaro echiHebheru. Mubhuku rinonzi Coverdale and His Bibles, J. F. Mozley anoti: “Muna 1535 Coverdale akaramba zvachose kushandisa shoko rokuti [Jehovha].” Asi akazoshandisa zita raMwari rokuti Jehovha katatu muGreat Bible.

Zvisinei, Bhaibheri raCoverdale ndiro Bhaibheri reChirungu rakatanga kushandisa zita raMwari rakanyorwa riri mumabhii mana echiHebheru kwekutanga kwaro. Izvi zvinokosha nokuti ndiro raiva Bhaibheri rakatanga kuronga mabhuku ose eApokirifa pawo oga pane kuasiya akasangana-sangana nemabhuku eMagwaro echiHebheru.

Mashoko akawanda aCoverdale akazoshandiswawo nevashanduri vakazoshandura pava paya. Somuenzaniso, akashandisa mashoko okuti “mupata womumvuri worufu” pana Pisarema 23 ndima 4. Muzvinafundo S. L. Greenslade anoti mashoko okuti “mutsa worudo” ari mundima 6 “anonyatsosiyanisa kuda vanhu kunoshamisa kunoitwa naMwari nerudowo zvarwo kana kunzwira ngoni.” Shanduro yeNew World Translation of the Holy Scriptures—With References inoshandisa shoko iroro, ichiwedzera mashoko omuzasi okuti: “Kana kuti, ‘rudo rwokuvimbika.’”

Bhuku rinonzi The Bibles of England rinotaura kuti pakabudiswa Bhaibheri raCoverdale rinonzi Great Bible “ndopakaperawo basa rose rokuita kuti pave neBhaibheri reChirungu . . . kubva Tyndale paakatanga basa rake rokushandura Testamende Itsva.” Shanduro yaCoverdale ndiyo yakaita kuti vanhu vanotaura Chirungu vakararama panguva yake vakwanise kuverenga Bhaibheri mururimi rwaamai.

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 11]

Kuruboshwe, zita raMwari rakanyorwa papeji yokutanga mushanduro ya1537

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 10]

Kubva mubhuku rinonzi Our English Bible: Its Translations and Translators

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]

Mufananidzo wakatorwa mubhuku rinonzi The Holy Scriptures of the Olde and Newe Testamente With the Apocripha rakanyorwa naMyles Coverdale