Kubatsirwa Kwatiri Kuitwa Noumambo Hwekare hweRidhiya
ZVIMWE ungave usati wambonzwa nezvoumambo hwekare hweRidhiya, saka zvingakushamisa kuziva kuti zvakawanikwa ikoko zvakachinja maitirwo ebhizimisi munyika. Vanoverenga Bhaibheri vangashamisikawo kuziva kuti zvimwe zvakatangira kuRidhiya zvinojekesa humwe uprofita hweBhaibheri husiri nyore kunzwisisa. Vanhu vokuRidhiya vakawanei? Tisati tapindura izvi, zvichanakidza kuziva chimwe chinhu pamusoro poumambo uhwu husingachanyanyi kuzivikanwa.
Madzimambo eRidhiya aitonga ari muguta guru reSadhisi, nechokumadokero kwenzvimbo yainzi Asia Minor asi yava kunzi Turkey. Mambo wokupedzisira weRidhiya ainzi Croesus akava nepfuma isingatauriki, asi munenge muna 546 B.C.E., akatorerwa umambo hwake naKoreshi Mukuru wePezhiya. Koreshi uyu ndiye akazokunda Umambo hweBhabhironi makore mashomanana gare gare.
Vanamuzvinabhizimisi vokuRidhiya vaizivikanwa nokuronga mazano, ndivo vanonzi vakatanga kushandisa mari dzesimbi. Ndarama nesirivha zvakanga zvagara zvichishandiswa semari, asi nemhaka yokusaenzana kwezvidimbu nerin’i zvendarama, vanhu vaifanira kuyera mari pose pavaitengeserana. Somuenzaniso munyika yeIsraeri, muprofita waMwari Jeremiya akatenga munda ndokunyora kuti: “Ndakamuyerera mari yacho, mashekeri manomwe nemasirivha gumi.”—Jeremiya 32:9.
MuRidhiya, vairarama pamwe chete naJeremiya vakawana imwe nzira yaiita kuti kutengeserana kuve nyore, yokushandisa mari yesimbi yairema zvakaenzana iine chidhindo chepamutemo. Mari yesimbi yakatanga kugadzirwa kuRidhiya yaigadzirwa neelectrum, simbi inogadzirwa nendarama nesirivha. Croesus paakava mambo, akatsiva mari iyoyo nemari yesirivha uye yendarama yaive isina kusanganiswa. Vanhu vokuRidhiya vakagadzira mari vachishandisa simbi mbiri vachiita kuti ukoshi hwemari duku 12 yakagadzirwa nesirivha huenzane nohwemari imwe chete yendarama. Asi urongwa uhwu hwakanga hwava kukanganiswa nemari yokunyepedzera yendarama yaisanganiswa neimwe simbi isinganyanyi kukosha. Vatengesi vaida nzira iri nyore yokuona kana ndarama yacho yakanga isina kusanganiswa neimwe simbi.
Vanhu vokuRidhiya vakawana rimwe dombo dema romunzvimbo iyoyo raizogadzirisa dambudziko ravo rainzi Lydian stone. Mari yesimbi payaikwizirwa padombo iri risina kutsetseka, raibva ramarika posara kamutaro. Ruvara rwekamutaro aka parwaienzaniswa norwemitaro yakaitwa nesimbi yaizivikanwa uwandu hwendarama yayaiva nayo, zvaibva zvaratidza kuti mari yacho ine ndarama yakawanda sei. Kuwanikwa kwedombo iri raibudisa chokwadi kwakaita kuti mari dzesimbi dzigone kushandiswa. Kuziva nezvedombo iri raibudisa chokwadi kunotibatsira sei kunzwisisa Bhaibheri?
Dombo Rokufananidzira romuBhaibheri Rinobudisa Chokwadi
Sezvo kuongorora ndarama nenzira iyi kwakaramba kuchiitwa nevatengesi, shoko raireva ‘kuongorora’ uku rakazorevawo nzira yokuedzwa nayo. MuchiGiriki, mutauro wakashandiswa kunyora chikamu cheBhaibheri, shoko racho rakashandiswawo kureva kurwadziswa kwevanhu vari pamuedzo wokutambudzwa.
Shoko iri rakashandiswawo kureva vanagadhijeri nokuti ndivo vaitambudza vasungwa. Ndokusaka Bhaibheri richitaura nezvomuenzaniso waJesu womuranda akanga asingaongi akaiswa ku“varindi vejeri,” kana kuti sezvinotaura dzimwe shanduro, ‘kuvarwadzisi.’ (Mateu 18:34; Bhaibheri muNdimi yeUnion Shona) Bhuku rinonzi The International Standard Bible Encyclopaedia richitaura nezveizvi rinoti: “Zvinoita sokuti kuiswa mujeri kwaionekwa ‘sokurwadziswa’ (sezvazvakanga zvakaita), uye kuti ‘varwadzisi’ zvaingoreva vanagadhijeri.” Izvi zvinobatsira kutsanangura imwe ndima yakaoma yeBhaibheri.
Chirahwe Chinobva Chadudzirwa
Vanoverenga Bhaibheri nomwoyo wose vava nenguva vachida kuziva zvichaguma zvaitika kuna Satani. Bhaibheri rinoti: “Dhiyabhorosi . . . akakandwa mugungwa romoto nesarufa, makanga muchitova nechikara nomuprofita wenhema; uye vacharwadziswa masikati nousiku nokusingaperi-peri.” (Zvakazarurwa 20:10) Chokwadi, kuti Jehovha aite kuti mumwe munhu atambure nokusingaperi hakupindirani norudo rwake uye kururamisira kwake. (Jeremiya 7:31) Uyezve Bhaibheri rinoti upenyu husingaperi chipo, kwete chirango. (VaRoma 6:23) Saka zviri pachena kuti Zvakazarurwa 20:10 yakanyorwa mumutauro wokufananidzira. Chikara uye dziva romoto ndezvokufananidzira. (Zvakazarurwa 13:2; 20:14) Saka kutambudzwa kwacho ndekwokufananidzirawo here? Mashoko aya angave achirevei?
Sezvataona shoko rechiGiriki rokuti “kutambudza” rinobva pashoko rinoreva ‘kuongorora chokwadi’ uye ringareva kurwadziwa nokuiswa mujeri. Saka, kutambudzwa nokusingaperi kwaSatani kunogona kureva kuvharirwa zvachose mujeri risingabudiki—rufu chairwo.
Kuongorora matombo kwaiitwa muRidhiya kunotibatsira kunzwisisa chimwe chinhu chinopindirana norudo rwaMwari nezvo“kutambudzwa” kusingaperi kwaSatani. Mune mimwe mitauro, shoko rokuongorora uku rinoreva mupimo wokuyera nawo zvinhu. Somuenzaniso, muChirungu rinoreva “nzira yokuedza kana yokuona nayo kana chinhu chichikosha kana kuti chiri chechokwadi.” Saka, “kutambudzwa” nokusingaperi kwaSatani kunoratidza kuti mutongo wake uchava umboo hungazoshandiswa kana Jehovha akazopandukirwazve munguva yemberi. Panenge pasisinazve chikonzero chokuchengeta munhu anenge adenha matongero aJehovha kuti zvizoonekwa kuti munhu wacho haana kururama.
Kunzwisisa kuti nei vatengesi kwose kwose vakatevedzerawo nzira yokuRidhiya yokuongorora mari uye kunzwisisa kuti tsika iyi yakanga yava nezvayaifananidzira, kunojekesa zvichaitika kuna Satani. Zvichapedzisira zvaitika kwaari zvicharatidza kuti kana kupanduka kukaitikazve, Mwari haazombobvumiri kuti kuenderere.—VaRoma 8:20.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 23]
Kutambudzwa kwaSatani kwokufananidzira kunoreva kuti mutongo wake umboo huchagara nokusingaperi
[Mepu iri papeji 21]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
Gungwa Dema
RIDHIYA
SADHISI
Gungwa reMediterranean
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]
Matongo paSadhisi yekare
[Mufananidzo uri papeji 22]
Kare, zvikero ndizvo zvaishandiswa kuyera mari
[Kwazvakatorwa]
E. Strouhal/Werner Forman/Art Resource, NY
[Mifananidzo iri papeji 22, 23]
Kuongorora mari nedombo dema kuchiri kuitwa
[Kwazvakatorwa]
Coins: Courtesy Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.; touchstone: Science Museum/Science & Society Picture Library
[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 21]
Electrum coin: Courtesy Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.