MuPristi Mukuru Akawanira Jesu Mhosva

MUNA November 1990, varume vaishanda mune imwe paki uye mune mumwe mugwagwa uri kure neinenge kiromita nechokuchamhembe kweGuta Rekare reJerusarema vakawana chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa. Netsaona turakita yakaputsa denga rerimwe bako rekare maivigwa vanhu vainge vafa. Nharaunda yakanga yakapoteredza yaiva nzvimbo yakakura yaivigirwa vanhu kubvira muzana rokutanga remakore B.C.E. kusvikira kuzana rokutanga remakore C.E. Chakanyanya kushamisa zvinhu zvakawanikwa nevanochera matongo mubako racho.

Bako racho raiva nemabhokisi 12 emapfupa, maiiswa mapfupa evainge vafa pashure pokunge vavigwa kwerinenge gore uye nyama yavo yaora. Zita rokuti Yehosef bar Caiapha (Josefa mwanakomana waKayafasi) rakanga rakanyorwa richiita zvokutemerwa padivi perimwe bhokisi—rakanaka kudarika mamwe ose ati ambowanikwa.

Uchapupu hwacho hunoratidza kuti iri ringangova guva romupristi mukuru akatungamirira nyaya yokutongwa kwaikosha kwazvo kwati kwamboitwa mumatare—kwaJesu Kristu. Munyori wenhau dzakaitika kare wechiJudha anonzi Josephus anoti mupristi mukuru uyu ndi“Josefa, ainzi Kayafasi.” MuMagwaro, anongonzi Kayafasi. Nei tichifarira kunzwa nezvake? Chii chakaita kuti awanire Jesu mhosva?

Mhuri Yake uye Zvayakanga Yakaita

Kayafasi akaroora mwanasikana waAnasi, mumwe mupristi mukuru. (Johani 18:13) Kuroorana kwavo kungangodaro kwakarongwa pachine makore akawanda vasati varoorana, sezvo mhuri dzacho dzose dzaizoda kuva nechokwadi chokuti dzakanga dziri kuumba ukama hwakanaka. Izvi zvaireva kunyatsoongorora madzinza kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti dzinza ravo roupristi raizosazochinja. Zviri pachena kuti mhuri dzacho dzose dzaiva dzakapfuma uye dzakakwirira zvikuru, uye dzingadaro dzaiwana upfumi hwadzo muminda mikuru yaiva munharaunda yeJerusarema. Hapana mubvunzo kuti Anasi aida kuva nechokwadi chokuti aizova mukuwasha wake aizova shamwari yezvematongerwo enyika yaaivimba. Zvinoita sokuti Anasi naKayafasi vaiva veboka raiva nesimba revaSadhusi.—Mabasa 5:17.

Zvaaibva mumhuri yevapristi yairemekedzwa, Kayafasi anofanira kunge akadzidziswa Magwaro echiHebheru uye kududzirwa kwawo. Angadaro akatanga kushanda patemberi paaiva nemakore 20, asi hazvizivikanwi kuti akazova mupristi ava nemakore mangani.

VaPristi Vakuru

Pakutanga kuva mupristi mukuru kwaiitwa zvokugarwa nhaka uye munhu aigadzwa kwoupenyu hwose. Asi muzana remakore rechipiri B.C.E., mhuri yokwaHasmoneus yakabvuta chigaro choupristi hukuru.a Herodhi Mukuru aigadza uye aibvisa vapristi vakuru, achiita kuti zvive pachena kuti ndiye akanga ava nesimba rokugadza vapristi vakuru. Magavhuna eRoma akaitawo izvozvo.

Zviitiko izvi zvakaita kuti paumbwe boka rinonzi neMagwaro “vapristi vakuru.” (Mateu 26:3, 4) Kunze kwaKayafasi, boka iri raisanganisira vamwe vaimbova vapristi vakuru, vakadai saAnasi, akanga abviswa pachigaro asi achiri kunzi mupristi mukuru. Boka racho raisanganisirawo mhuri dzaiwirirana dzevapristi vakuru nevaimbova vapristi vakuru.

VaRoma vakaita kuti vaJudha vaiva vakakwirira, kusanganisira vapristi vakuru, vatarisire Judhiya zuva nezuva. Izvi zvakaita kuti Roma idzore ruwa rwacho uye iwane mari yemitero yaibva kuJudhiya isingatumiri varwi vakawanda ikoko. Roma yaitarisira kuti vakuru vakuru vevaJudha vachengetedze runyararo uye vadzivirire zvayaida. Magavhuna eRoma akanga asingafariri vatungamiriri vevaJudha, avo vakanga vasingadi kutongwa neRoma. Asi zvaizonyanya kuvanakira vose kudai vaizoshanda pamwe kuitira kuti vave nehurumende yakatsiga.

Panguva yaKayafasi, mupristi mukuru ndiye aiva mutungamiriri wezvematongerwo enyika wevaJudha. Anasi akagadzwa pachinzvimbo ichi naKwiriniyo, gavhuna weRoma weSiriya, muna 6 kana kuti 7 C.E. Tsika dzavanaRabhi dzinoratidza kuti mhuri dzevaJudha dzainge dzakakwirira dzaiva nemakaro, chizivano, udzvinyiriri, uye chisimba chaizvo. Mumwe munyori anofungidzira kuti sezvo Anasi aiva mupristi mukuru, aizova nechokwadi chokuti mukuwasha wake “akurumidza kukwidziridzwa achipiwa chinzvimbo chepamusoro mutemberi; nokuti kana Kayafasi aizova nechinzvimbo chakakwirira, zvaizonyanya kubatsira Anasi.”

Valerius Gratus, gavhuna weJudhiya, akabvisa Anasi pachigaro munenge muna 15 C.E. Vamwe vatatu, vaisanganisira mumwe wevanakomana vaAnasi, vakakurumidza kupiwa chinzvimbo chepamusoro vachitevedzana. Munenge muna 18 C.E. Kayafasi akava mupristi mukuru. Pondiyo Pirato, akagadzwa kuva gavhuna weJudhiya muna 26 C.E., akarega Kayafasi ari pachinzvimbo chacho pamakore gumi ose Pirato paaiva gavhuna. Kayafasi akatonga panguva youshumiri hwaJesu uye yokutanga kuparidza kwevadzidzi vake. Asi Kayafasi akanga asingafariri shoko rechiKristu.

Kutya Jesu, Kutya Roma

Kayafasi aiona Jesu somunhu ainetsa aiva nengozi. Jesu haana kubvumirana nokududzira mitemo yeSabata kwaiitwa nevakuru vakuru uye akadzinga vatengesi nevaichinja mari mutemberi, achitaura kuti vakanga vaiita “bako remakororo.” (Ruka 9:45, 46) Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika kare vanofunga kuti misika yomutemberi yaiva yemhuri yaAnasi—zvichida ndicho chimwe chikonzero chaiita kuti Kayafasi aedze kuita kuti Jesu asataura nezvazvo. Vapristi vakuru pavakatuma varwi kuti vanosunga Jesu, varwi vacho vakashamiswa kwazvo nemashoko ake zvokuti vakadzoka vakabata maoko.—Johani 2:13-17; 5:1-16; 7:14-49.

Chimbofunga zvakaitika vakuru vakuru vevaJudha pavakanzwa kuti Jesu akanga amutsa Razaro. Evhangeri yaJohani inoti: “Vapristi vakuru nevaFarisi vakaunganidza Sanihedrini, vakatanga kuti: ‘Toitei, nokuti munhu uyu anoita zviratidzo zvizhinji? Kana tikamurega achiita izvi, vose vachatenda maari, uye vaRoma vachauya, votora nzvimbo yedu norudzi rwedu.’” (Johani 11:47, 48) Veboka reSanihedrini vaifunga kuti Jesu aizovhiringidza chiremera chavo mune zvechitendero uye runyararo zvaizoita kuti Pirato avape mhosva. VaRoma vaigona kupindira munhau dzevaJudha kana paine sangano chero ripi zvaro raivaiona seraida kupandukira—chinhu chaida kudziviswa nedare reSanihedrini nepayarigona napo.

Kunyange zvazvo akanga asingakwanisi kuramba kuti Jesu aiita mabasa esimba, Kayafasi haana kuva nokutenda asi akaedza kuramba aine chinzvimbo chake nechiremera chake. Aizobvuma sei kuti Razaro akanga amutswa? Zvaakanga ari muSadhusi, Kayafasi akanga asingadaviri kuti vanhu vanomuka!—Mabasa 23:8.

Uipi hwaKayafasi hwakafumurwa paakaudza vaaitonga navo kuti: “Hamufungi kuti zvinokubatsirai kuti munhu mumwe chete afire vanhu kwete kuti rudzi rwose ruparadzwe.” Nhoroondo yacho inoenderera ichiti: “Izvi, zvisinei, haana kuzvitaura iye pachake; asi nokuti akanga ari mupristi mukuru gore iroro, akaprofita kuti Jesu akanga achifanira kufira rudzi, kwete rudzi chete, asi kuti aunganidzewo vana vaMwari vakapararira kwose kwose kuti vave vamwe. Naizvozvo kubvira pazuva iroro vakarangana kuti vamuuraye [Jesu].”—Johani 11:49-53.

Kayafasi akanga asinganzwisisi zvainyatsorehwa nemashoko aakataura. Nemhaka yechinzvimbo chake somupristi mukuru, akaprofita.b Kufa kwaJesu kwaizobatsira—asi kwaisazobatsira vaJudha chete. Chibayiro chake chorudzikinuro chaizoita kuti pave nenzira yokusunungura vanhu muuranda hwechivi norufu.

Kurangana Kuponda

Vapristi vakuru vechiJudha nevarume vakuru vakaungana pamba paKayafasi kuti vakurukure kuti vobata sei Jesu uye vomuuraya sei. Mupristi mukuru angangodaro akabatsira kutaurirana naJudhasi Iskariyoti mari yaidiwa kutengesa Jesu. (Mateu 26:3, 4, 14, 15) Zvisinei, kungoponda munhu mumwe chete kwakanga kusina kukwana kuti Kayafasi aite zvirongwa zvake zvakaipa. ‘Zvino vapristi vakuru vakarangana kuurayawo Razaro, nokuti vazhinji vevaJudha vakanga vachitenda muna Jesu nokuda kwake.’—Johani 12:10, 11.

Makosi, mumwe muranda waKayafasi, aiva pamhomho yakatumwa kunosunga Jesu. Musungwa wacho akatanga aendeswa kuna Anasi kunobvunzurudzwa, achibva azoendeswa kuna Kayafasi, akanga atoronga nevarume vakuru vechiJudha kuti vamutonge usiku, izvo zvakanga zvisingabvumirwi nomutemo.—Mateu 26:57; Johani 18:10, 13, 19-24.

Zvapupu zvenhema pazvakatadza kupa uchapupu hwakafanana pakupomera Jesu, Kayafasi haana kuvhiringidzwa. Mupristi mukuru wacho aiziva maonero aiita vamwe vake vaairangana navo munhu upi zvake aizviti Mesiya. Saka akati aida kuziva kana Jesu aizviti ndiMesiya. Jesu akapindura achiti vaimupomera vaizomuona “agere kuruoko rworudyi rwesimba achiuya ari pamusoro pemakore okudenga.” Achida kuzviita munhu akarurama, “mupristi mukuru akabva abvarura nguo dzake dzokunze, achiti: ‘Amhura! Tichadireizve zvapupu?’” Sanihedrini yakabvuma kuti Jesu aikodzera kufa.—Mateu 26:64-66.

VaRoma ndivo vaifanira kupa mvumo yokuti munhu aurayiwe. Kayafasi angangodaro ari iye akaendesa nyaya yacho kuna Pirato sezvo aiva nhume pakati pavo nevaJudha. Pirato paakaedza kusunungura Jesu, Kayafasi angangodaro aiva mumwe wevapristi vakuru vakashevedzera kuti: “Murovererei! Murovererei!” (Johani 19:4-6) Kayafasi angangodaro akakurudzira mapoka evanhu kuti ashevedzere kuti imwe mhondi isunungurwe panzvimbo paJesu uye angangodaro ari mumwe wevapristi vakuru vakataura nounyengeri vachiti: “Hatina mumwe mambo kunze kwaKesari.”—Johani 19:15; Mako 15:7-11.

Kayafasi akaramba uchapupu hwokuti Jesu akanga amutswa. Akapikisa Petro naJohani uye Stefani. Kayafasi akarayirawo Sauro kuti asunge vaKristu vose vaaizowana muDhamasiko. (Mateu 28:11-13; Mabasa 4:1-17; 6:8–7:60; 9:1, 2) Zvisinei, munenge muna 36 C.E., Kayafasi akabviswa pachigaro naVitellius, gavhuna weRoma wokuSiriya.

Zvinyorwa zvechiJudha hazvitauri zvakanaka nezvemhuri yaKayafasi. Somuenzaniso, Talmud yeBhabhironi inoti: “Ndine nhamo nemhaka yeimba yaHanin [Anasi], ndine nhamo nemhaka yokuzevezera kwavo,” kana kuti “makuhwa.” Zvinonzi kushungurudzika uku kunoreva “misangano yepachivande yaiitirwa kudzvinyirira.”

Chatingadzidza Kuna Kayafasi

Imwe nyanzvi inoti vapristi vakuru vaiva “vakaoma mwoyo, vakangwara, uye vaikwikwidzana—uye vangangodaro vaizvikudza zvikuru.” Kuzvikudza kwakaita kuti Kayafasi asagamuchira Mesiya. Saka vanhu pavanoramba shoko reBhaibheri mazuva ano, hazvifaniri kutiodza mwoyo. Vamwe havagutsikani nechokwadi chomuMagwaro kuti varege zvavanodavira. Vamwe vangafunga kuti kuva vaparidzi vanozvininipisa vemashoko akanaka kunovabvisa chimiro. Uye mitemo yechiKristu haifadzi vaya vasina kuvimbika kana kuti vanokara.

Zvaaiva mupristi mukuru, Kayafasi angadai akabatsira vamwe vaJudha kuti vagamuchire Mesiya, asi kuda chisimba kwakaita kuti awanire Jesu mhosva. Kayafasi angangodaro akaramba achimuwanira mhosva kusvikira pakufa kwake. Zvakanyorwa nezvomufambiro wake zvinoratidza kuti patinofa hatingosiyi mapfupa chete. Nezviito zvedu, kuna Mwari tinova nezita rinogara narini, ringava rakanaka kana kuti rakaipa.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 10]

Josefa mwanakomana waKayafasi

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 10]

Bhokisi remapfupa rakawanikwa munguva pfupi yapfuura

[Vakatipa Mifananidzo iri papeji 10]

Ossuary, inscription, and cave in background: Courtesy of Israel Antiquities Authority