Mutongi Anodada Anorasikirwa Noumambo

“ZVINO mambo Bhershazari,” akanyora kudaro muporofita Dhanieri, “wakaitira madzishe ake ane churu chezana mutambo mukuru, akanwa waini pamberi paivo vane churu chezana.” Zvisinei, mutambo wacho zvawaipfuurira, “chiso chamambo chakashanduka maari, pfungwa dzake dzikatambudzwa, zvifundo zvechiuno chake zvikasununguka, mabvi ake akarovana.” Huchiri usiku, “mambo Bhershazari muKardhea wakaurawa. Dhariusi muMedhia akapiwa ushe.”—Dhanieri 5:1, 6, 30, 31.

Bhershazari aiva ani? Akasvika sei pakunzi “mambo . . . muKardhea”? Nzvimbo yake chaiyoiyo muUmambo hutsva hweBhabhironi yaiva yei? Akarasikirwa noumambo hwacho sei?

Mutongi Anotsiva Kana Kuti Mambo Here?

Dhanieri anotaura nezvaNebhukadhinezari sababa vaBhershazari. (Dhanieri 5:2, 11, 18, 22) Zvisinei, ukama uhu hahusi chaihwoihwo. Bhuku rinonzi Nabonidus and Belshazzar, rakanyorwa naRaymond P. Dougherty, rinoti zvichida Nebhukadhinezari akanga ari sekuru vake baba vamai, Nitocris. Kungavawo kuti Nebhukadhinezari, sezvaaiva iye akatanga kuva mambo, aingova zvake “baba” vaBhershazari panyaya dzoumambo. (Enzanisa naGenesi 28:10, 13) Chero zvakadaro, manyoro ecuneiform aiva pamagaba evhu akawanwa kumaodzanyemba kweIraq muzana ramakore rechi19 anozivisa Bhershazari somwanakomana mukurusa waNabhonidhasi, mambo weBhabhironi.

Sezvo nhoroondo yaDhanieri ganhuro 5 ichibata nezviitiko zvousiku hwokukundwa kweBhabhironi muna 539 B.C.E., hairondedzeri kuti Bhershazari akava sei nechiremera chokuva mambo. Asi vezvokuchera matongo vanopa imwe pfungwa youkama huri pakati paNabhonidhasi naBhershazari. “Magwaro eBhabhironi anozivisa kuti Nabhonidhasi akanga ari mutongi akasiyana,” anodaro Alan Millard, wezvokuchera matongo uye wemitauro yakare yechiJudha. Millard anowedzera kuti: “Nepo asina kufuratira vamwari veBhabhironi, iye . . . akangwarira zvikuru mwari wemwedzi pane mamwe maguta maviri, Uri neHarani. Kwamakore anoverengeka okutonga kwake, Nabhonidhasi haana kumbogara muBhabhironi; panzvimbo pezvo aigara kunyika youtiziro yaiva kure yeTeima [kana kuti, Tema] kuchamhembe kweArabia.” Sezviri pachena, Nabhonidhasi akapedza nguva yokutonga kwake yakawanda asiri muguta guru, Bhabhironi. Paakanga asipo, Bhershazari akapiwa chiremera chokutarisira.

Chichijekesa nzvimbo yechokwadi yaBhershazari, chimwe chinyorwa checuneiform chinorondedzerwa se“Nhoroondo Yenhetembo yaNabhonidhasi” chinoti: “Iye [Nabhonidhasi] akaronzesa ‘Mauto’ ku(mwanakoma) wake mukuru, dangwe, (akarayira) mauto kwose kwose munyika kuti amuteerere. Akamupa (zvinhu zvose), [iye] akamupa umambo hwake.” Nokudaro, Bhershazari akanga ari mutongi anotsiva.

Kunyange zvakadaro, mutongi anotsiva anogona kunzi mambo here? Mufananidzo womumwe mutongi wakare wakawanwa kuchamhembe kweSyria muma 1970 unoratidza kuti zvaibvira kuti mutongi anzi mambo asi, chaizvoizvo, paaive ane nzvimbo yakati dererei. Mufananidzo wacho wakanga uri womutongi weGozan uye wakanyorwa muchiAssyria nomuchiAramaic. Runyoro rweAssyria rwakadana murume wacho kuti mutongi weGozan, asi runyoro rwakafanana rwechiAramaic rwakamuti mambo. Naizvozvo Bhershazari haasi iye akatanga kunzi mugari wenhaka mumanyoro eBhabhironi nepo achinzi mambo muchinyorwa chaDhanieri chechiAramaic.

Gadziriro yokutonga pamwe kwaNabhonidhasi naBhershazari yakapfuurira kusvikira mumazuva oUmambo hutsva hweBhabhironi. Naizvozvo, usiku chaihwo hwokukundwa kweBhabhironi, Bhershazari akati aizoita kuti Dhanieri ave mutongi wechitatu muumambo, kwete wechipiri.—Dhanieri 5:16.

Mutongi Ainyanyozvivimba Neaidada

Zviitiko zvokupedzisira zvokutonga kwaBhershazari zvinoratidzira kuti muchinda wacho akanga achinyanyozvivimba uye achidada. Pakaguma kutonga kwake musi wa5 October, 539 B.C.E., Nabhonidhasi akatizira kuBorsippa, achinge akurirwa namauto eMedhia nePersia. Bhabhironi pacharo rakanga rakombwa. Asi Bhershazari ainzwa akachengeteka kwazvo ari muguta rakanga rakakomberedzwa nemasvingo akakura zvokuti usiku ihwohwo chaihwo, akaitira “madzishe ake ane churu chezana mutambo mukuru.” Herodotus, wezvenhau wechiGiriki womuzana ramakore rechishanu B.C.E., anotaura kuti muguta, vanhu “vakanga vachitamba panguva yacho, vachinakidzwa.”

Kunyange zvakadaro, kunze kwemasvingo eBhabhironi, uto revaMedhia navaPersia rakanga rakarinda. Richitungamirirwa naKoreshi, rakanga ratsausa mvura yoRwizi rwaYufratesi, yaipfuura napakati peguta. Varwi vake vakanga vakagadzirira kupfuura nomurwizi rwacho kana kuwanda kwemvura kwangodzikira zvakaringana. Vaizokwira mukwidza wacho ndokupinda muguta napamagedhi endarira akanga akazaruka emasvingo akanga akatarisa kurwizi.

Kudai Bhershazari akanga aona zvakanga zvichiitika kunze kweguta, angadai akavhara magedhi acho endarira, akaunganidza varume vake vakasimba pamasvingo akatevedza mahombekombe orwizi, uye vakabata muvengi. Panzvimbo pezvo, akadhakwa newaini, Bhershazari aidada akataura kuti midziyo yomutemberi yaJehovha iunzwe. Ipapo iye, vaeni vake, vakadzi vake, uye varongo vake vakanwiramo vakashinga vachirumbidza vanamwari veBhabhironi. Pakarepo, ruoko rwakangooneka zvinoshamisa ndokutanga kunyora pamadziro emuzinda wamambo. Abatwa nokutya, Bhershazari akadana varume vake vakachenjera kuti vatsanangure zvaireva mashoko iwayo. Asi “vakanga vasingagoni kurava zvakanyorwa, kana kuzivisa mambo kududzirwa kwazvo.” Pakupedzisira, Dhanieri “akauyiswa pamberi pamambo.” Achifuridzirwa naMwari, muporofita waJehovha akashinga akazivisa zvaireva shoko rinoshamisa, raifanotaura nezvokukurirwa kweBhabhironi navaMedhia navaPersia.—Dhanieri 5:2-28.

VaMedhia navaPersia vakatora guta nyore nyore, uye Bhershazari haana kufuma achiri mupenyu. Nokufa kwake, uye kukanda mapfumo pasi kwaNabhonidhasi kuri pachena kuna Koreshi, Umambo hutsva hweBhabhironi hwakaguma.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 9]

Dhanieri anodudzira shoko rokuparadzwa kwoUmambo hweBhabhironi