Mhuri—Inoda Betsero Yokukurumidzira!
“UYE vakagara vachifara nguva dzose pashure pacho.” Kugumiswa ikoko kwengano kunoshanda kuroorano shomanene zvikuru mazuva ano. Vimbiso yepamuchato yokudanana ‘mukufara nokusuwa chero bedzi vachirarama’ kunongowanzova zvako kutaura. Kubvira kwokuva nemhuri inofara kunoratidzika kuva kusingabviri.
Pakati pa1960 na1990, mwero yokurambana yakapetwa kanopfuura kaviri munyika zhinjisa dzakabudirira dzokuMadokero. Mune dzimwe nyika yakawedzera kakapetwa kana. Somuenzaniso, gore negore roorano dzinenge 35 000 dzinotangwa muSweden, uye inenge hafu yadzo ichaputsika, zvichibatanidza vana vanopfuura 45 000. Varoorani vanogara pamwe chete vasina kuroorana vanoparadzana pamwero unotova mukuru zvikuru, zvichitapura mamwe makumi ezviuru zvavana. Muitiro wakafanana uri kutanga munyika dzakawanda munyika yose, sezvinogona kuonwa mubhokisi riri papeji 5.
Chokwadi, mhuri dzakaputsika uye kuparara kweroorano hazvisi zvitsva munhau. Bumbiro Remitemo raHammurabi rezana ramakore rechi18 B.C.E. yaibatanidza mitemo yaibvumira kurambana muBabylonia. Kunyange Mutemo waMosesi, wakatangwa muzana ramakore rechi16 B.C.E., waibvumira kurambana muna Israeri. (Dheuteronomio 24:1) Zvisinei, zvisungo zvemhuri hazvisati zvambova zvisina kusimba zvikuru kupfuura muzana rino ramakore rechi20. Anopfuura makore gumi apfuura, mumwe munyori wepepanhau akanyora kuti: “Makore makumi mashanu kubva zvino, tingava tisisina mhuri dzipi nedzipi mupfungwa yegamuchidzanwa. Dzingava dzatsiviwa nemapoka emarudzi akasiyana-siyana.” Uye muitiro wacho kubva ipapo unoratidzika sounobvumikisa pfungwa yake. Gadziriro yemhuri yakaipa nokukurumidza kwazvo zvokuti mubvunzo wokuti, “Ichapukunyuka here?” uri kuramba uchiva wakafanira.
Nei zvakaoma kwazvo kuti varoorani vakawanda kwazvo vanamatirane ndokuchengeta mhuri yakabatana? Ndechipi chiri chakavanzika chaavo vakanamatirana pamwe chete mukati moupenyu hurefu, vachipemberera nomufaro makore avo 25 kana kuti 50 eroorano? Nenzira inoshamisa, muna 1983 zvakashumwa kuti murume nomukadzi muyaichimbova repabhuriki yeSoviet yeAzerbaijan vakapemberera gore rechi100 romuchato wavo—pamazera amakore 126 ne116.
Chii Chinotyisidzira?
Munyika dzakawanda zvimwe zvikonzero zvokurambana zviri pamutemo upombwe, utsinye mundangariro kana kuti munyama, kusiyiwa, udhakwa, kusabereka, kupenga, barika, uye kupindwa muropa nezvinodhaka. Zvisinei, chikonzero chinozivikanwa navose zvikuru ndechokuti murangariro unokosha kuroorano noupenyu hwemhuri hwegamuchidzanwa zvakachinja zvikuru, zvikurukuru mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura. Kuremekedzwa kwegadziriro yaimbonzi inoyera kwapera. Vanobudisa nziyo vane makaro, mabhaisikopo, mitambo yomuTV, uye mabhuku akakurumbira zvakarumbidza runonzi rusununguko rwevatano, unzenza, kusazvibata, uye mararamiro oudyire. Zvakatsigira tsika yakasvibisa ndangariro nemwoyo zvavaduku navakuru zvakafanana.
Kubvunzurudza kwakaitwa muna 1996 kwakaratidza kuti 22 muzana yevanhu vokuAmerica inotaura kuti kuvatana newausina kuroorana naye kana iwe wakaroora kana kuti kuroorwa pane dzimwe nguva kunogona kuva kwakanakira roorano. Chimwe chinyorwa chaicho chomune rimwe remapepanhau makurusa okuSweden, Aftonbladet, chakakurudzira vakadzi kuti varambe varume nemhaka yokuti “zvinogona kuva nani bedzi.” Vamwe vanofunda nezvekushanda kwendangariro uye vanofunda zvavanhu vakakurumbira vakarondedzera kuti munhu “akarongwa” nemhindumupindu kuti achinje vakwanyina makore mashomanene oga oga. Namamwe mashoko, vari kukarakadza kuti kuvatana newausina kuroorana naye kana iwe wakaroora kana kuti kuroorwa uye kurambana ndezvomuzvarirwo. Vamwe vanototaura kuti kurambana kwavabereki kungava kwakanakira vana, kuchivagadzirira kuti vagokwanisa kubatana nekurambana kwavo pachavo rimwe zuva!
Pwere dzakawanda hadzichashuvi kurarama upenyu hwemhuri hwegamuchidzanwa, nababa, mai, uye vana. “Handigoni kufungidzira ndichirarama upenyu hwangu hwose nomukwanyina mumwe chete iyeye,” ndiwo murangariro wakakurumbira. “Roorano yakafanana neKrisimasi, nganowo zvayo. Handimboidaviri,” yakadaro imwe pwere yechiDanish ine makore 18 okukura. “Murangariro wacho ndewokuti, kuzvinetserei nokurarama ne[varume] ndokuvawachira masokisi,” Noreen Byrne weNational Women’s Council muIreland akazivisa kudaro. “Ingofara navo . . . Vakadzi vakawanda vari kusarudza kuti havadi varume kuti vapfuurire kurarama.”
Mhuri Dzine Mubereki Mumwe Dziri Kuwedzera
MuEurope yose murangariro uyu wakatungamirira kukuwedzera kunokurumidza mukuva mukadzi asina murume. Vamwe vaava vabereki vari voga ndevechiduku vanorangarira kuti pamuviri pasina kurongwa hachisi chikanganiso. Vashomanene vakadzi vanoda kurera mwana wavo vari voga. Vakawanda zvikurusa ndivanamai vanogara pamwe chete nababa vacho kwechinguvana, vasina rongedzero dzipi nedzipi dzokuroorwa navo. Magazini yeNewsweek yaiva nenyaya pabutiro gore rapera pamusoro pomubvunzo unoti “Kuparadzwa Kweroorano Here?” Yakataura kuti nhamba yevana vanoberekerwa kunze kweroorano iri kuwedzera nokukurumidza muEurope uye kuti hapana anoratidza seane hanya nazvo. Sweden ingava iyo yokutanga, ine hafu yevana vose ikoko vanoberekerwa kunze kweroorano. MuDenmark neNorway inoda kusvika hafu, uye muFrance neEngland, inenge mumwe muvatatu.
MuUnited States, mhuri dzine vabereki vaviri dzakaderera zvinoshamisa mumakumi amakore mashomanene apfuura. Mumwe mushumo unoti: “Muna 1960, . . . vapfumbamwe muzana vevana vose vakagara mumisha ine mubereki mumwe. Pakasvika 1990, nhamba iyoyo yakanga yakwira kuva 25 muzana. Nhasi, 27,1 muzana yevana vose vokuAmerica inoberekerwa mumisha ine mubereki mumwe, nhamba iri kukwira. . . . Kubvira muna 1970, nhamba yemhuri dzine mubereki mumwe yakapetwa kanopfuura kaviri. Mhuri yegamuchidzanwa inotyisidzirwa kwazvo nhasi zvokuti ingagona kuva yoda kutsakatika, vamwe vanzveri vanodaro.”
Munyika umo Chechi yeRoma Katurike yakarasikirwa nechiremera chayo chikuru chetsika, mhuri dzine mubereki mumwe dziri kuwedzera. Mhuri dzisingasviki hafu dzokuItaly dzinoumbwa namai, baba, uye vana, uye mhuri yegamuchidzanwa iri kutsiviwa nevaroorani vasina vana uye mhuri dzine mubereki mumwe, uye mhuri dzine munhu mumwe.
Sangano rezvemagariro avanhu mune dzimwe nyika rinokurudzira chaizvoizvo vanhu kuti vasaroora kana kuti kuroorwa. Vanamai vasina kuroorwa vanogamuchira yamuro yehurumende vangarasikirwa nayo kana vakaroorwa. Vanamai vasina kuroorwa muDenmark vanowana yamuro yomuraudzo yokutarisira mwana, uye mune dzimwe nzanga, vanamai vari pasi pemakore 18 vanowana mari yokuwedzera uye vanobhadharirwa rendi yavo. Nokudaro, mari inobatanidzwa. Alf B. Svensson anotaura kuti kurambana muSweden kunotorera vabhadhari vomutero pakati pezviuru zvamadhora 2 550 ne4 500 mukuyamura, mari dzedzimba, uye betsero yomunzanga.
Machechi echiKristudhomu anoratidzika kuva ari kuita zvishomanene kana kuti kusaita chinhu kuti aedze kuchinja uyu muitiro unoparadza uri pakati pemhuri. Vafudzi navafundisi vakawanda vari kurwisana nenhamo dzemhuri dzavo pachavo, nokudaro vanonzwa vasingakwanisi kubatsira vamwe. Vamwe vanotoratidzika sevari kutsigira kurambana. Aftonbladet yaApril 15, 1996, yakashuma kuti mufudzi Steven Allen wokuBradford, England, akatanga mutambo chaiwo wokurambana, waanokarakadza kuti unofanira kushanda sechiito chapamutemo mumachechi ose eBritain. “Munamato wokubetsera mumwe munhu kuti agamuchire zvakaitika kwaari. Unovabetsera kuziva kuti Mwari achiri kuvada uye anovasunungura pamarwadzo.”
Naizvozvo boka remhuri riri kunanga kupi? Pane tariro yokupukunyuka kwaro here? Mhuri dzinogona kuchengetedza kubatana kwadzo padzinenge dzichityisidzirwa zvikuru kudaro here? Tapota rangarira nyaya inotevera.
[Chati iri papeji 5]
ROORANO DZEGORE NEGORE DZICHIENZANISWA NEKURAMBANA MUNE DZIMWE NYIKA
NYIKA GORE ROORANO KURAMBANA
Australia 1993 113 255 48 324
Canada 1992 164 573 77 031
Cuba 1992 191 837 63 432
Czech Republic 1993 66 033 30 227
Denmark 1993 31 507 12 991
Estonia 1993 7 745 5 757
France 1991 280 175 108 086
Germany 1993 442 605 156 425
Japan 1993 792 658 188 297
Maldives 1991 4 065 2 659
Norway 1993 19 464 10 943
Puerto Rico 1992 34 222 14 227
Russian Federation 1993 1 106 723 663 282
Sweden 1993 34 005 21 673
United Kingdom 1992 356 013 174 717
United States 1993 2 334 000 1 187 000
(Kubva mu1994 Demographic Yearbook, United Nations, New York 1996)