Chii Chiri Kuitika Kuvanhu Vaduku?
MASHOKO akanaka kana kuti mashoko akaipa—ndeapi aunoda kutanga kunzwa? Pavanobvunzwa mubvunzo uyu, vakawanda vanosarudza kutanga kunzwa mashoko akaipa vachikarira kuti mashoko akanaka achagara mundangariro.
Patinonzvera zviri kuitika kuvanhu vaduku, tanga kurangarira mamiriro ezvinhu azvino. Vanhu vakuru kazhinji kazhinji vanotsinhira kuti vanhu vaduku nhasi havana kufanana nepwere dzomunguva yakapfuura. Vanhu vaduku, pane rumwe rutivi, vanoramba kuratidzirwa kupi nokupi kwokuti havaenzani nemipimo yemunguva yakapfuura. Kunyange zvakadaro, vacherekedzi vavanhu vanodisa vanobvuma kuti pwere dzanhasi dzakasiyana.
Dzakasiyana Sei?
Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vachiwanzodavira kuti vanhu vaduku vanofanira kuva netsika dzakanaka, pfungwa yomutoro, uye kuremekedza vamwe, zvinoitika chaizvoizvo zvinowanzokundikana kuratidzira pfungwa idzi. Maererano nenzvero yakabudiswa mupepanhau reThe Independent rokuLondon, vanhu vaduku vari “kutanga ‘mudzimu mutsva wokupandukira’ nyika yavanoona seyakavaodza mwoyo zvikuru.” Uyu “mudzimu mutsva wokupandukira” unoratidzirwa mumugumisiro wokuti ipwere shomanene dzanhasi dzinoda kuzviona se“dzine mufungo uye dzakavimbika.” Dzingatosva hadzo dzarangarirwa se“dzinopenga uye dzisingazivikanwi zvadzinoda.”
MuBritain, somuenzaniso, utsotsi hunozivikanwa—hwakawanda hwakaitwa nevanhu vaduku—hwakawedzera nekagumi pakati pa1950 na1993. Kuwedzera kwekushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemirimo nezvinodhaka kwakafanana neutsotsi hwacho. Panguva imwe chete, inodaro The Times yokuLondon, dzinenge nyika dzose dzakabudirira dzakava no“kuwedzera kwakawanda mukuremara mumuviri pakati pepwere chibviro cheHondo Yenyika Yechipiri.” Maererano naDavid J. Smith, purofesa wezveutsotsi, kuremara uku “hakuna chokuita nokuderera kana kuti kuwedzera kwoupfumi munzira ipi neipi.” Kunzvera kunoratidza kuti musiyano mukuru zvino unooneka pakati pavanhu vaduku navakuru.
Vana nepwere nhasi vanotarisana nedzvinyiriro inowedzera. Nhau dzokuzvisungirira, kwakaedzwa kana kuti kwakabudirira, dzave dzenguva dzose. Kuedza kuzvisungirira kunoitwa navana vari pasi pamakore 12 kwakawedzera zvakapetwa kaviri mumakore asingasviki gumi, inoshuma kudaro Herald yeGlasgow yokuScotland. Vana vakura vanobvumira kuti kuora mwoyo kuvatungamirire nenzira yakafanana. “Ndiyo migumisiro mikuru yezvinetso zvepfungwa zvinowedzera muvaduku izvo zvinotyisidzira kupfuura mabasa anoitwa kuvabetsera,” rinotsinhira kudaro pepanhau racho.
Ndiani Ane Mhaka?
Vakuru vanozviwana zviri nyore kupa mhaka vanhu vaduku nokuda kwemirangariro yepwere “yakaipa.” Bva, chokwadika, vanhu vakuru havana mhaka huru nokuda kwezviri kuitika zvino pakati pavanhu vaduku here? Kubatwa nenzira isina kunaka, kuregeredzwa nevabereki, kushayikwa kwemienzaniso iyo pwere dzinogona kuvimba, zvinowanzotaurwa mukutsanangura kwacho. “Kuora mwoyo muvanhu vose kwakafanana nezvakwakanga kwakaita makore 30 apfuura,” anotaura kudaro Purofesa Sir Michael Rutter, mukuru weMedical Research Council Child Psychiatry Unit yokuBritain. “Asi,” anowedzera kudaro, “kuitika kwacho pakati pevechiduku nevabvazera kwakawedzera zvikuru. . . . Hapana kupokana kuti kuputsika kwemhuri ndechimwe chezvikonzero; kwete chete kurambana, asi mwero yenguva dzose yekusawirirana nokurwisana pakati pavakuru.”
Mumwe munzveri anotaura kuti vanhu vaduku vari “kuramba tsika.” Nei? “Nokuti tsika hadzikoshi kwavari.” Somuenzaniso, rangarira mirangariro iri kuchinja yemabasa evanhu. Mhandara dzakawanda dzinoshandisa mavara echirume oukono nemasimba masimba, nepo majaya ari kuva nemavara echikadzi. Zvakasiyana zvikuru netsika dzekare!
Asi nei tichiona kuchinja kukuru kwakadaro zvino? Uye ndeapi mashoko akanaka ariko pamusoro pevanhu vaduku nhasi? Vanogona sei kuva neramangwana rakachengeteka? Nyaya yedu inotevera inorangarira mhinduro dzemibvunzo iyoyi.