Nzvimbo Ine Chiremera Yavakadzi Pakati Pavabatiri Vapakuvamba vaMwari
“Jehovha Mwari akapfuurira kuti: ‘Hazvina kunaka kuti munhu apfuurire ari oga. Ndichamuitira mubetseri, somukwanisi wake.’”—GENESI 2:18, NW.
1. Rimwe duramashoko reBhaibheri rinorondedzera sei upenyu hwavakadzi munguva dzakare?
“HAPANA papi nepapi muMediterranean yakare kana kuti nyika dziri Kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kuMadokero kweAsia uye dziri Kuchamhembe kwakadziva Mabvazuva kweAfrica uko vakadzi vakapiwa rusununguko urwo vanofarikanya munzanga yazvino uno yokuMadokero. Muitiro wavose wakanga uri wokuzviisa kwavakadzi pasi pavarume, kungofanana navaranda vakanga vari pasi pavanhu vakasununguka, uye vaduku kuvakuru. . . . Vanarume vakanga vachikosheswa zvikuru kupfuura vechikadzi, uye vacheche vechisikana pane dzimwe nguva vaisiyiwa vasina dziviriro kuti vafe.” Iyoyo ndiyo nzira iyo rimwe duramashoko reBhaibheri rinorondedzera upenyu hwavakadzi munguva dzakare.
2, 3. (a) Mukuwirirana nomumwe mushumo, ndaapi ari mamiriro ezvinhu nokuda kwavakadzi vakawanda nhasi? (b) Mibvunzoi inomutswa?
2 Mamiriro ezvinhu acho haasati ari nani zvikurusa mumativi akawanda apasi nhasi. Muna 1994, kwenguva yokutanga, mushumo wekodzero dzavanhu wegore negore weU.S. State Department wakanangidzira ngwariro pakubatwa kwavakadzi. “Mashoko Anobva Munyika 193 Anoratidza Kuti Rusaruro Rwezuva Nezuva Chinhu Chaichoicho,” wakadaro musoro wenhau weNew York Times pamusoro pomushumo wacho.
3 Sezvo nhamba huru dzavakadzi vane mamiriro ezvinhu ekare akasiyana-siyana etsika vanosonganirana neungano dzavanhu vaJehovha munyika yose, mibvunzo inomuka: Kubata kuchangobva kurondedzerwa ndirwo rudzi urwo Mwari aida pakuvamba nokuda kwavakadzi here? Vakadzi vaibatwa sei pakati pavanamati vaJehovha munguva dzeBhaibheri? Uye vakadzi vanofanira kubatwa sei nhasi?
“Mubetseri” uye “Mukwanisi”
4. Icherechedzoi iyo Jehovha akaita mushure mokunge munhu wokutanga ave ari oga kwenguva yakati mubindu reEdheni, uye chii icho Mwari ipapo akaita?
4 Mushure mokunge Adhama ave ari mubindu reEdheni ari oga kwenguva yakati, Jehovha akati: “Hazvina kunaka kuti munhu apfuurire ari oga. Ndichamuitira mubetseri, somukwanisi wake.” (Genesi 2:18, NW) Kunyange zvazvo Adhama akanga ari munhu akakwana, chimwe chinhu chakanga chichidikanwa kuti aite chinangwa choMusiki. Kuti azadzise chinodikanwa chacho, Jehovha akasika mukadzi ndokuita muchato wokutanga.—Genesi 2:21-24.
5. (a) Shoko rechiHebheru rinoshandurwa kuti “mubetseri” rinowanzoshandiswa sei navanyori veBhaibheri? (b) Chii chinoratidzirwa neidi rokuti Jehovha akanongedzera kumukadzi wokutanga se“mukwanisi”?
5 Mashoko okuti “mubetseri” uye “mukwanisi” anoratidza kuti basa rakapiwa naMwari romukadzi rakanga richideredza here? Nyangwe. Vanyori veBhaibheri vanowanzoshandisira kuna Mwari shoko rechiHebheru (ʽeʹzer) rinoshandurwa kuti “mubetseri.” Somuenzaniso, Jehovha anobvumikisa kuva “mubatsiri wedu nenhovo yedu.” (Pisarema 33:20; Eksodho 18:4; Dheuteronomio 33:7) Pana Hosea 13:9, Jehovha anotonongedzera kwaari amene so“mubatsiri” waIsraeri. Nokuda kweshoko rechiHebheru (neʹghedh) rinoshandurwa kuti “mukwanisi,” imwe nyanzvi yeBhaibheri inotsanangura, kuti: “Betsero yaitsvakwa haisati ingori yamuro zvayo mubasa rake rezuva nezuva kana kuti kuberekwa kwavana . . . asi tsigirano iyo ushamwari hunogovera.”
6. Chii chakataurwa mushure mokusikwa kwomukadzi, uye nei?
6 Nokudaro hapana chinhu chinoderedza mukurondedzera kwaJehovha mukadzi so“mubetseri” uye “mukwanisi.” Mukadzi akanga ane mugadzirirwo wake amene wakasiyana wendangariro, wemirangariro, uye womuviri. Akanga ari mubiyake akamukodzera, muenzani anogutsa. Mumwe nomumwe akanga akasiyana, bva mumwe nomumwe akanga achidikanwa kuti a“zadze pasi” mukuwirirana nechinangwa choMusiki. Sezviri pachena makanga muri mushure mokusikwa kwavose vari vaviri murume nomukadzi kuti “Mwari akaona zvose zvaakaita, onei zvakanaka kwazvo.”—Genesi 1:28, 31.
7, 8. (a) Nokuvamba kwechivi muEdheni, nzvimbo yomukadzi yaizotapurwa sei? (b) Mibvunzoi inomutswa pamusoro pokuzadzikwa kwaGenesi 3:16 pakati pavanamati vaJehovha?
7 Nokuvamba kwechivi, zvinhu zvakachinjira murume nomukadzi. Jehovha akazivisa rutongeso pavose vari vaviri savatadzi. “Ndichawanza zvikuru kurwadziwa kwako nokutora mimba kwako,” Jehovha akataurira Evha kudaro, achitaura nezvemugumisiro waanobvumira sokunge kuti wakaitwa naye. Akawedzera, kuti: “Uchabereka vana uchirwadziwa; kuda kwako kuchava kwomurume wako, iye uchava ishe wako.” (Genesi 3:16) Chibviro chenguva iyoyo, vadzimai vakawanda vave vachidzorwa, kazhinji kazhinji nehasha, navarume vavo. Panzvimbo pokukosheswa savabetseri navakwanisi, kazhinji kazhinji vave vachibatwa savabatiri kana kuti varanda.
8 Kunyange zvakadaro, kuzadzikwa kwaGenesi 3:16 kwakarevei nokuda kwavanamati vechikadzi vaJehovha? Vaiiswa munzvimbo yakaderera yokudukupiswa here? Nyangwe napaduku zvapo! Asi zvakadiniko nenhoroondo dzeBhaibheri idzo dzinotaura nezvetsika nemiitiro zvaitapura vakadzi izvo zvingaratidzika kuva zvisingagamuchiriki mune dzimwe nzanga nhasi?
Kunzwisisa Tsika dzeBhaibheri
9. Apo tinorangarira tsika dzinobatanidza vakadzi munguva dzeBhaibheri, zvinhui zvitatu zvatinofanira kurangarira?
9 Vakadzi vaibatwa zvakanaka pakati pavabatiri vaMwari munguva dzeBhaibheri. Chokwadika, mukurangarira tsika dzinobatanidza vakadzi mumazuva iwayo, kunobetsera kurangarira zvinhu zvinoverengeka. Chokutanga, apo Bhaibheri rinotaura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu asingafadzi ayo akatanga nemhaka yokudzora kwoudyire kwavarume vakaipa, ikoko hakusati kuchireva kuti Mwari aitendera kubatwa kwakadaro kwavakadzi. Chechipiri, kunyange zvazvo Jehovha akashivira tsika dzakati pakati pavabatiri vake kwenguva yakati, akadzora idzodzi kuti adzivirire vakadzi. Chechitatu, tinofanira kungwarira kuti tisatonge tsika dzakare nemipimo yazvino uno. Dzimwe tsika idzo dzingaratidzika kuva dzisingafadzi kuna vanhu vari kurarama nhasi dzakanga dzisingarangarirwi hadzo kuva dzinoderedza navakadzi shure panguva iyoyo. Ngatirangarirei mimwe mienzaniso.
10. Jehovha airangarira sei muitiro webarika, uye chii chinoratidzira kuti haana kutongosiya mupimo wake wapakuvamba wokuva nomukwanyina mumwe?
10 Barika:a Mukuwirirana nechinangwa chapakuvamba chaJehovha, mukadzi aisazogoverana murume wake nomumwe mukadzi. Mwari akasikira Adhama mudzimai mumwe bedzi. (Genesi 2:21, 22) Mushure morupanduko muEdheni, muitiro webarika wakatanga kuoneka mumutsara waKaini. Pakupedzisira wakava tsika uye wakagamuchirwa navamwe vanamati vaJehovha. (Genesi 4:19; 16:1-3; 29:21-28) Kunyange zvazvo Jehovha akabvumira barika uye rakabatira kuwedzera nhamba yavaIsraeri, akaratidza kuitira hanya vakadzi kupfurikidza nokudzora muitiro wacho zvokuti vadzimai navana vavo vaizodzivirirwa. (Eksodho 21:10, 11; Dheuteronomio 21:15-17) Uyezve, Jehovha haana kutongosiya mupimo wake wapakuvamba wokuva nomukwanyina mumwe. Noa navanakomana vake, kwavari murayiro woku‘bereka ndokuzadza pasi’ wakadzokororwa, vose vakanga vari vane mukwanyina mumwe. (Genesi 7:7; 9:1; 2 Petro 2:5) Mwari akazviratidza amene somurume wemukwanyina mumwe pakufananidzira ukama hwake naIsraeri. (Isaya 54:1, 5) Ipapowo, mupimo waMwari wapakuvamba wokuva nomukwanyina mumwe wakatangwazve naJesu Kristu uye waishandiswa muungano yechiKristu yapakuvamba.—Mateo 19:4-8; 1 Timotio 3:2, 12.
11. Neiko roora raibviswa munguva dzeBhaibheri, uye ikoku kwakanga kuchideredza here kuvakadzi?
11 Kubhadhara roora: Bhuku rinonzi Ancient Israel—Its Life and Institutions rinoti: “Uyu musengwa wokubhadhara chitsama chemari, kana kuti chakaenzana nayo, kumhuri yomusikana sezvinooneka kunopa roorano yechiIsraeri kuoneka kwekunze kwokutenga. Asi [roora] rinoratidzika kwete kuva mutengo unobhadharwa nokuda kwomukadzi somuripo unopiwa kumhuri yacho.” (Kutsveyamisa mashoko ndokwedu.) Naizvozvo kubhadharwa kweroora kwakabatira kuripa mhuri yomukadzi nokuda kwokurasikirwa nebetsero yake uye nokuda kwenhamburiko nendyiko yaidiwa nemhuri yake mukumutarisira. Panzvimbo pokuderedza mukadzi, ipapo, kwakasimbisa ukoshi hwake kumhuri yake.—Genesi 34:11, 12; Eksodho 22:16; ona Nharireyomurindi, January 15, 1989, mapeji 21-4.
12. (a) Varume vakaroora navakadzi vakaroorwa padzimwe nguva vainongedzerwa sei kwavari muMagwaro, uye aya mashoko akanga asingafadzi here kuvakadzi? (b) Chii chinokosha zvikuru pamusoro pamashoko ayo Jehovha akashandisa muEdheni? (Ona mashoko omuzasi.)
12 Varume sa“varidzi”: Chimwe chiitiko muupenyu hwaAbrahama naSara munenge muna 1918 B.C.E. chinoratidza kuti pakasvika nguva yavo nenzira yakajeka wakanga wava muitiro kurangarira murume akaroora so“muridzi” (chiHebheru, baʹʽal) uye mukadzi akaroorwa so‘womuridzi’ (chiHebheru, beʽu·lahʹ). (Genesi 20:3) Aya mashoko gare gare padzimwe nguva anoshandiswa muMagwaro, uye hapana chinoratidza kuti vakadzi vakararama Kristu asati auya vakaawana asingafadzi.b (Dheuteronomio 22:22) Vakadzi vakanga vasingafaniri kubatwa sezvivako, kunyange zvakadaro. Zvivako kana kuti pfuma zvaigona kutengwa, kutengeswa, uye kunyange kugarwa nhaka, asi ikoku kwakanga kusina kudaro nomudzimai. “Dzimba nefuma inhaka inobva kuna madzibaba,” chinodaro chirevo cheBhaibheri, “asi mukadzi wakangwara unobva kuna Jehovha.”—Zvirevo 19:14; Dheuteronomio 21:14.
Nzvimbo Inoremekedzwa
13. Apo varume vaitya Mwari vaitevedzera muenzaniso waJehovha ndokuteerera Mutemo wake, chii chaiva mugumisiro kuvakadzi?
13 Ndeipi, ipapo, yakanga iri nzvimbo yavakadzi pakati pavabatiri vaMwari vomunguva dzaapo Kristu akanga asati auya? Vairangarirwa uye vaibatwa sei? Zvichitaurwa nenzira iri nyore, apo varume vaitya Mwari vaitevedzera muenzaniso waJehovha amene ndokuteerera Murayiro wake, vakadzi vakachengeta chiremera chavo uye vakafarikanya kodzero neropafadzo dzakawanda.
14, 15. Zviratidzoi zviripo zvokuti vakadzi vairemekedzwa muna Israeri, uye nei Jehovha aigona kukarira nenzira yakarurama vanhurume vaimunamata kuvaremekedza?
14 Vakadzi vaifanira kuremekedzwa. Murayiro waMwari kuna Israeri wairayira kuti vose vari vaviri vanababa navanamai varemekedzwe. (Eksodho 20:12; 21:15, 17) “Mumwe nomumwe wenyu unofanira kutya mai vake nababa vake,” inodaro Revhitiko 19:3. Apo Bhati-shebha akasvika mwanakomana wake Soromoni pane imwe nhambo, “mambo akasimuka kuzosongana naye, akakotama pamberi pake” muchiratidzo chokuremekedza. (1 Madzimambo 2:19) Encyclopaedia Judaica inoti: “Mienzaniso youporofita yokuda kwaMwari Israeri nokuda kwomurume mudzimai wake inogona bedzi kuve yakaitwa munzanga umo vakadzi vairemekedzwa.”
15 Jehovha anokarira vanamati vake vechirume kuremekedza vakadzi, nokuti iye anovaremekedza. Zviratidzo zvaikoku zvinowanika mumagwaro umo Jehovha anoshandisa zvakaitika zvavakadzi nenzira yokufananidzira ndokufananidza mirangariro yake imene neiyo yavakadzi. (Isaya 42:14; 49:15; 66:13) Ikoku kunobetsera varavi kunzwisisa nzira iyo Jehovha anonzwa nayo. Nenzira inofadza, shoko rechiHebheru nokuda kwa“ngoni,” kana kuti “tsitsi,” iro Jehovha anoshandisa kwaari amene, rakafanana zvikuru neshoko nokuda kwe“dumbu” uye rinogona kurondedzerwa so“kunzwa kwoumai.”—Eksodho 33:19; Isaya 54:7.
16. Mienzanisoi inoratidza kuti zano ravakadzi voumwari raikosheswa?
16 Zano ravakadzi voumwari raikosheswa. Apo Abrahama anotya Mwari akazengurira kuteerera zano remudzimai wake woumwari, Sara, pane imwe nhambo, Jehovha akamuudza, kuti: “Uteerere Sara.” (Genesi 21:10-12) Vadzimai vechiHiti vaEsau “vakarwadza mwoyo waIsaka naRebheka.” Pashure penguva yakati, Rebheka akataura kurwadziwa kwaaizotambura kana mwanakomana wake Jakobho aizoroora muHiti. Ndokupi kwakanga kuri kuita kwaJakobho? “Zvino,” inodaro nhoroondo yacho, “Isaka akadana Jakobho, akamuropafadza, akamurayira, akati kwaari: Usawana mukadzi kuvakunda veKanani.” Hungu, kunyange zvazvo Rebheka akanga asina kupa zano rakananga, murume wake akaita chisarudzo chairangarira mirangariro yake. (Genesi 26:34, 35; 27:46; 28:1) Mambo Dhavhidhi gare gare akadzivisa mhaka yeropa nemhaka yokuti akateerera chikumbiro chaAbhigairi.—1 Samueri 25:32-35.
17. Chii chinoratidza kuti vakadzi vaiva nemwero wakati wechiremera mumhuri?
17 Vakadzi vaiva nemwero wakati wechiremera mumhuri. Vana vakakurudzirwa, kuti: “Mwanakomana wangu, inzwa kurayirira kwababa vako; usarasha kudzidzisa kwamai vako. (Zvirevo 1:8) Rondedzero yo“mukadzi unoita zvakanaka” muna Zvirevo ganhuro 31 inoratidzira kuti mukadzi wakaroorwa anoshingaira haatarisiri imba yake bedzi asi angatarisirawo kutenga nokutengeswa kwezvivako, kutanga munda unobereka zvibereko, kutarisira kabhizimisi, uye kuzivikanwa nokuda kwamashoko ake ouchenjeri. Chakanga chichikosha kupfuura zvose kwakanga kuri kutya Jehovha kworuremekedzo kunorumbidzwa kwomukadzi wacho. Hakushamisi kuti ukoshi hwomukadzi akadaro hwakanga huchi“kunda kwazvo mutengo wamaparera”! Parera dzvuku rinokosha raiva nomutengo wakakwirira nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokugadzira zvinhu zvinopfekwa uye zvokushonga.—Zvirevo 31:10-31.
Vakadzi Vakagamuchira Fariro Chaiyo yaMwari
18. Munzirai umo tendero chaiyo yakapiwa vakadzi vakati munguva dzeBhaibheri?
18 Kurangarira kwaJehovha vakadzi kwakaratidzirwa mutendero chaiyo iyo akapa vamwe vavo munguva dzeBhaibheri. Hagari, Sara, uye mudzimai waManoa vakashanyirwa nengirozi idzo dzakapa nhungamiro youmwari kwavari. (Genesi 16:7-12; 18:9-15; Vatongi 13:2-5) Kwakanga kune “vakadzi vaishandira” patebhanekari navaimbi vechikadzi muvazhe yaSoromoni.—Eksodho 38:8; 1 Samueri 2:22; Muparidzi 2:8.
19. Padzimwe nguva, Jehovha akashandisa vakadzi kumumiririra munzirai?
19 Kanoverengeka munhau yaIsraeri, Jehovha akashandisa mukadzi kumumirira kana kuti kutaura nokuda kwake. Nezvemuporofitakadzi Dhebhora, tinorava, kuti: “Vana vaIsraeri vaisienda kwaari kuzotongerwa mhaka dzavo.” (Vatongi 4:5) Zvichitevera kukunda kwaIsraeri mambo weKanani Jabhini, Dhebhora akava neropafadzo chaiyo zvirokwazvo. Akanga ari munyori sezviri pachena, munenge murutivi, werwiyo rworukundo urwo pakupedzisira rwakava rutivi rwechinyorwa chakafuridzirwa chaJehovha.c (Vatongi, ganhuro 5) Mazana amakore gare gare, kuti abvunze Jehovha, Mambo Josia akatumira kumuporofitakadzi Hurdha boka raibatanidza muprista mukuru. Hurdha aigona kupindura nechiremera, kuti: “Zvanzi naJehovha Mwari waIsraeri.” (2 Madzimambo 22:11-15) Panhambo iyoyo mambo akarayira boka racho kuenda kumuporofitakadzi, asi ikoku kwakaitwa kuti agamuchire nhungamiro yaibva kuna Jehovha.—Enzanisa naMaraki 2:7.
20. Mienzanisoi inoratidzira kuitira hanya kwaJehovha mirangariro negarikano zvavakadzi?
20 Kuitira hanya kwaJehovha garikano yavakadzi kuri pachena kubva muzvakaitika mazviri akaita mukutsigira vamwe vavanamati vake vechikadzi. Kaviri akapindira kuti adzivirire mudzimai akaisvonaka waAbrahama, Sara, pakushatiswa. (Genesi 12:14-20; 20:1-7) Mwari akaratidza nyasha kumudzimai aidiwa zvishoma waJakobho, Rea, kupfurikidza ‘nokuvhura dumbu rake’ zvokuti akabereka mwanakomana. (Genesi 29:31, 32) Apo vananyamukuta vaviri vechiIsraeri vaitya Mwari vakaisa mungozi upenyu hwavo kuti vaponese vanarume vechiHebheru pakuurawa kwavacheche muEgipita, Jehovha nenzira yokuonga “akavapa mhuri.” (Eksodho 1:17, 20, 21) Akapindurawo munyengetero wapachokwadi waHana. (1 Samueri 1:10, 20 Uye apo chirikadzi yemuporofita yakatarisana nemukwereteswi uyo akanga akagadzirira kutora vana vayo kuripira chikwereti chayo, Jehovha haana kuisiya. Nenzira yorudo, Mwari akagonesa muporofita Erisha kuwedzera mugove wayo wamafuta zvokuti yakagona kuripira chikwereti chacho. Nokudaro yakachengetedza mhuri yayo nechiremera chayo.—Eksodho 22:22, 23; 2 Madzimambo 4:1-7.
21. Magwaro echiHebheru anopa murangariroi wakadzikama weupenyu hwavakadzi?
21 Mukupesana nokukurudzira murangariro wokuzvidza vakadzi, naizvozvo, Magwaro echiHebheru anopa rondedzero yakadzikama youpenyu hwavo pakati pavabatiri vaMwari. Kunyange zvazvo Jehovha asina kudzivirira vanamati vake vechikadzi pakuzadzikwa kwaGenesi 3:16, vakadzi vaibatwa nechiremera noruremekedzo navarume voumwari avo vaitevera muenzaniso waJehovha ndokuteerera Mutemo wake.
22. Pakasvika nguva apo Jesu akanga ari pasi pano, nzvimbo yavakadzi yakanga yachinja sei, uye mibvunzoi inobvunzwa?
22 Mumazana amakore zvichitevera kupedzwa kwaMagwaro echiHebheru, nzvimbo yavakadzi yakachinja pakati pavaJudha. Pakazosvika nguva apo Jesu akaoneka pasi pano, magamuchidzanwa avanarabhi akanga aganhurira zvikuru vakadzi muropafadzo dzavo dzorudzidziso uye upenyu hwavo hwomunzanga. Magamuchidzanwa akadaro akapesvedzera nzira iyo Jesu akabata nayo vakadzi here? Vakadzi vechiKristu vanofanira kubatwa sei nhasi? Iyi mibvunzo ichakurukurwa munyaya inotevera.
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Mukuwirirana neWebster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, “barika” rinonongedzera ku“roorano mairi mumwe wavakwanyina angava naanopfuura mukwanyina mumwe panguva imwe chete.” Shoko rakananga zvikuru rokuti “polygyny” rinorondedzerwa se“chimiro kana kuti muitiro wokuva naanopfuura mudzimai mumwe kana kuti mukwanyina wechikadzi panguva imwe.”
b MuMagwaro echiHebheru ose, varume vakaroora navakadzi vakaroorwa vanonongedzerwa kwavari kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru so“murume” (chiHebheru, ʼish) uye “mukadzi” (chiHebheru, ʼish·shahʹ). MuEdheni, somuenzaniso, mashoko ayo Jehovha akashandisa akanga ari, kwete “muridzi” uye ‘womuridzi,’ asi “murume” no“mukadzi.” (Genesi 2:24; 3:16, 17) Uporofita hwaHosea hwakafanotaura kuti mushure mokudzoka kubva kuutapwa, Israeri aizodana Jehovha nenzira yokupfidza kuti “Murume wangu,” uye asati achirizve “Muridzi wangu.” Ikoku kungakarakadza kuti shoko rokuti “murume” rakanga rine revo yomutsa zvikuru kupfuura “muridzi.”—Hosea 2:16, NW.
c Chinokosha zvikuru kushandiswa kwomunhu wokutanga nenongedzero kuna Dhebhora pana Vatongi 5:7.
Waizopindura Sei?
◻ Mashoko okuti “mubetseri” uye “mukwanisi” anoratidzei pamusoro penzvimbo yakapiwa naMwari yavakadzi?
◻ Pakurangarira tsika dzinotapura vakadzi munguva dzeBhaibheri, chii chatinofanira kurangarira?
◻ Chii chinoratidza kuti vakadzi vaiva nenzvimbo inoremekedzwa pakati pavabatiri vaMwari venguva dzapakuvamba?
◻ Jehovha akapa tendero chaiyo munzirai pavakadzi vomunguva Kristu asati auya?