Nhau yeBhaibheri Yakarurama Sei?

“NDINOTAURA zvokwadi, handisiri kureva nhema,” akadaro mumwe munyori weBhaibheri kushamwari yake duku. (1 Timotio 2:7, NW) Kutaura kwakafanana naikoko mutsamba dzaPauro kunopa denho kuvatsoropodzi veBhaibheri.a Anopfuura makore 1 900 akapfuura chifo chaapo tsamba dzaPauro dzakanyorwa. Pashure penguva iyoyo yose, hakuna munhu akakarakadza ndokubvumikisa nenzira inobudirira pfundo rimwe zvaro rokusarurama mutsamba dzake.

Munyori weBhaibheri Ruka akataurawo kuitira hanya kururama. Iye akanyora nhauro youpenyu hwaJesu noushumiri iyo yakateverwa nenhauro yake inonzi Mabasa Avaapostora. “Ndakaronda zvinhu zvose kubva pakutanga zvakarurama,” akanyora kudaro Ruka.—Ruka 1:3, NW.

Zvipupuriro Zvokururama

Vatsoropodzi veBhaibheri vapakuvamba vezana ramakore rechi 19 vakadenha kururama kwaRuka sowezvenhau. Uyezve, ivo vakataura kuti nhau iri muna Mabasa yakarongwa pakati pezana ramakore rechipiri N.V. Wezvoruzivo rwokuchera matongo weBritain Sir William Mitchell Ramsay akanga ari mumwe aidavira ikoku. Asi pashure pokuongorora mazita nenzvimbo zvakadudzwa naRuka, iye akabvuma: “Pashoma napashoma ndakanyengetedzwa kuti muudzame hwakasiana-siana nhauro yacho yakaratidza zvokwadi inoshamisa.”

Apo Ramsay akanyora zviri pamusoro apa, nhau pamusoro pokururama kwaRuka yakaramba isina kugadzikiswa. Iyo yaiva nechokuita namaguta akasanobatana Ikonio, Ristra, uye Dherbhe. Ruka akareva kuti Ikonio yakanga yakasiana neRistra neDherbhe, achirondedzera apashure sa“maguta eRikaonia.” (Mabasa 14:6) Bva, sezvinoratidza mepu yabatanidzwa, Ristra yaiva pedyo zvikuru neIkonio kupfuura Dherbhe. Vezvenhau vakare vakarondedzera Ikonio sorutivi rweRikaonia; nokudaro, vatsoropodzi vakadenha Ruka nokuda kwokusaitawo saizvozvo.

Ipapo, muna 1910, Ramsay akawana mufananidzo mumatongo eIkonio unoratidza kuti mutauro weguta iroro chakanga chiri chiFrigia ndizvo kwete chiRikaonia. “Zviverengero zvamamwe manyoro akabva Ikonio nemhoteredzo yayo zvinobvumikisa idi rokuti mune zvourudzi guta racho raigona kurondedzerwa sereFrigia,” anodaro Dr. Merrill Unger mubhuku rake Archaeology and the New Testament. Zvamazvirokwazvo, Ikonio yezuva raPauro yakanga iri yechiFrigia mutsika uye yakasiana na“maguta eRikaonia,” umo vanhu vaitaura “norurimi rwavaRikaonia.”—Mabasa 14:6, 11.

Vatsoropodzi veBhaibheri vakapanikirawo kushandisa kwaRuka shoko rokuti “politarchs” nokuda kwavatongi veguta reTesaronika. (Mabasa 17:6 NW, mashoko omuzasi) Uku kutaura kwakanga kusingazivikanwi mumabhuku echiGiriki. Ipapo arch yakawanwa muguta rakare yaiva namazita avatongi veguta vairondedzerwa se“politarchs”—shoko chairoiro rakashandiswa naRuka. “Kururama kwaRuka kwakarevererwa kupfurikidza nokushandiswa kweshoko racho,” anotsanangura kudaro W. E. Vine muyake Expository Dictionary of Old and New Testament Words.

Rwendo Rwomugungwa rwaRuka

Nyanzvi dzengarava dzakanzvera udzame hwokupunzika kwengarava kunorondedzerwa muna Mabasa ganhuro 27. Mukuwirirana naRuka, ngarava huru umo iye naPauro vakafamba yakabatwa mumhepo ine simba yokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva pedyo nechitsuwa chiduku cheKraudha, uye vafambisi vengarava vakatya kuendeswa pajecha pane ngozi kumhenderekedzo yegungwa yokuchamhembe kweAfrica. (Mabasa 27:14, 17 NW, mashoko omuzasi) Kupfurikidza nounyanzvi hwokufambisa ngarava, ivo vakakwanisa kubvisa ngarava kuAfrica ndokuipinza munzira yokumadokero. Mhepo ine simba yakapfuurira isingadereri, uye pakupedzisira ngarava yakaguma pasi pamhenderekedzo yegungwa yechitsuwa cheMerita, yafukidza daro raanenge makiromita 870. Nyanzvi dzengarava dzinorangarira kuti kungatorera ngarava huru kufamba mumhepo ine simba mazuva anopfuura 13 kuti iendeswe kure kwakadaro. Kurangarira kwavo kunobvumirana nenhauro yaRuka, iyo inotaura kuti kupunzika kwengarava kwakaitika pazuva rechi 14. (Mabasa 27:27, 33, 39, 41) Pashure pokuongorora udzame hwose hwerwendo rwomugungwa rwaRuka, mufambisi wechikepe James Smith akagumisa, kuti: “Inhauro yezvinoitika chaizvoizvo, yakanyorwa nomunhu akapinda mazviri somunhu oga . . . Hakuna munhu asiri mufambisi wengarava aigona kuva akanyora nhauro yorwendo rwomugungwa zvakatsinhirana kudaro mumativi ayo ose, kutoti nokuona chaikoiko.”

Nemhaka yezviwanwa zvakadaro, vamwe vafundisi vanodisa kudzivirira Magwaro echiGiriki echiKristu senhau yakarurama. Asi zvakadiniko nezvenhau yapakuvamba inowanwa muMagwaro echiHebheru? Vafundisi vazhinji vanotera kuuzivi hwazvino uno ndokuzivisa kuti ine ngano. Zvisinei, chiverengero chakati choudzame hwenhau yapakuvamba yeBhaibheri chakasimbiswawo, kukukwenudzwa kwavatsoropodzi. Rangarira, somuenzaniso, kuwanwa kwoUmambo hweAsiria hwakambokanganwiwa.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

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