Kutambudzwa Kusingagumi—Neiko iri Dzidziso Inokangaidza?
“Ndinonzwa kuti makadzinga mufudzi wenyu. Chii chakanga chakaipa?”
“Eya, iye airamba achitiudza kuti tose tiri kuenda kuhero.”
“Chii chinotaura mufudzi mutsva?”
“Mufudzi mutsva anoti tiri kuenda kuherowo.”
“Naizvozvo chii chiri musiano?”
“Eya, musiano ndowokuti apo mufudzi wekare aikutaura, ainzwika sokunge aifara pamusoro pako; asi apo murume mutsva anoitaura, anonzwika sokunge kunorwadza mwoyo wake.”
ICHIRATIDZIRWA murimwe bhuku remienzanisiro, iyi nhau inoratidzira munzira yayo imene kuti vadzidzisi vazhinji veBhaibheri, pamwe chete navaendi kuchechi, havana kusununguka nedzidziso yehero. Mumwero mukuru zvikuru, kunosimbisawo izvo mufundisi weCanada Clark H. Pinnock akataura, achiti: “Panyaya dzose dzorudzidziso idzo dzakatambudza hana yavanhu mumazana amakore apfuura, ndinofunga kuti shomanene dzinogona kuva dzakaparira funganyo huru zvikuru ipi neipi kupfuura kududzirwa kunogamuchirwa kwehero sechirango chisingagumi uchiziva mumuviri nomweya.”
Revo Dzetsika
Neiko, ipapoka, vazhinji vachinetseka pamusoro pezviono zveinferno izvo zvinopiwa muchiKristudhomu? (Ona bhokisi.) Purofesa Pinnock anoonesa, kuti: “Pfungwa yokuti chisikwa chinoziva chinofanira kutambura kutambudzwa mumuviri nendangariro munguva isingagumi inokangaidza zvikuru kwazvo, uye mufungo wokuti ikoku kunoitwa pavari nechirevo choumwari kunogumbura kupwiswa kwangu pamusoro porudo rwaMwari.”
Hungu, dzidziso yokutambudzwa kusingagumi inopa chinetso chetsika. Somuenzaniso, maKristu echokwadi anorangarira mibvunzo yakamutswa nomufundisi weKaturike Hans Küng: “Ko Mwari worudo anofanira . . . kutarira nokusingagumi kwose uku kutambudzwa kusingagumi, kusina tariro, kusina tsitsi, kusina rudo, kwoutsinye kwomuviri nendangariro kwezvisikwa zvake here?” Küng anopfuurira, kuti: “Ko iye mukweretesi akaoma mwoyo zvakadaro here? . . . Chii chataizofunga nezvomunhu akagutsa chishuvo chake chamatsive nenzira yokusakanganwira kwazvo uye nenzira isingagutsi zvakadaro?”a Zvamazvirokwazvo, Mwari anotiudza muBhaibheri kuti tinofanira kuda vavengi vedu anogona sei kuda kutambudza vavengi vake nokusingagumi? (1 Johane 4:8-10) Nenzira isingashamisi, vamwe vanhu vanogumisa kuti rudzi rwehero harumbowirirana norudzi rwaMwari, kuti iyi dzidziso haina mufungo wetsika.
Vamwe vatendi vazhinji vanoedza kunyaradza hana yavo kupfurikidza nokudzivisa iyi mibvunzo. Kutarira kuimwe nzira, kunyanguvezvo, hakusati kuchiita kuti izvi zvinokangaidza zvinyangarike. Naizvozvo ngatinanganei nenhau yacho. Ndedzipi dziri revo dzetsika dzakabatanidzwa neiyi dzidziso? MuCriswell Theological Review, Purofesa Pinnock anonyora, kuti: “Kutambudzwa kusingagumi hakutsungiririki mumurangariro wetsika nemhaka yokuti kunoratidzira Mwari saane utsinye anodisa kudeura ropa uyo anochengeta Auschwitz isingaperi nokuda kwavanyajambwa avo asingambobvumiri kufa.” Iye anobvunza, kuti: “Munhu upi noupi ane tsitsi dzohunhu maari anogona sei kuramba akaterama achirangarira pfungwa yakadaro [dzidziso yamagamuchidzwa yahero]? . . . MaKristu anogona sei sezvinobvira kuita mwari woutsinye hwakadaro namatsive?”
Achiratidza pesvedzero yakaipa dzidziso iyoyi ingave yakava nayo pamufambiro womunhu, Pinnock anotsinhira, kuti: “Ndinotoshamisika kuti hutsinye hwakadini hwakaitwa naavo vakadavira muna Mwari anotambudza vavengi vake?” Iye anogumisa, kuti: “Uyu hausati uri murangariro unokangaidza zvikurusa here uyo unoda mifungo yechipiri?” Hungu, kana utsinye hwakadaro huchinzi ndohwaMwari, hakushamisi kuti vaendi kuchechi vanotapurika vari kunzverazve hero yomwoto. Uye chii chavanoona? Chimwe chinetso chinonangana nepfungwa yokutambudzwa kusingagumi.
Hero Neruramisiro
Vazhinji vanorangarira dzidziso yamagamuchidzanwa yehero vanowana kuti inoratidzika kuva inoratidzira Mwari saanoita nenzira isina kururama, naizvozvo inogumbura pfungwa yavo yomuzvarirwo yeruramisiro. Munziraiko?
Unowana mhinduro imwe kupfurikidza nokuenzanisa dzidziso yokutambudzwa kusingagumi nomupimo weruramisiro unopiwa Mwari: “Ziso neziso, zino nezino.” (Eksodho 21:24) Nokuda kwokurangarira, shandisa kudzidziso yehero yomwoto mutemo woumwari uya wakapiwa kuna Israeri wakare, mutemo wechirango chaichoicho. Imhedzisoi sezvingabvira yauchasvika? Yokuti vatadzi vaye bedzi vakaparira kutambudzwa kusingagumi vanofanirwa nokutambudzwa kusingagumi kwakaenzanawo—kutambudzwa kusingagumi nokuda kwokutambudzwa kusingagumi. Asi sezvo vamwe (pasinei zvapo nokuti vakaipa sei) vachigona kuparira kutambudza kuduku bedzi, kuvatongera kukutambudzwa kusingagumi kunoparira kusaenzana pakati pemhaka dzavo nechirango chisingagumi chehero yomwoto.
Kukataurwa zvakapfava, tongero yacho yaizova huru zvikuru. Yaizopfuura zvikuru “ziso neziso, zino nezino.” Uchirangarira kuti dzidziso dzaJesu dzakapfavisa pfungwa yamatsive, ungabvuma kuti maKristu echokwadi aizotambudzwa nokuona kururama mukutambudzwa kusingagumi.—Mateo 5:38, 39; VaRoma 12:17.
Kururamisa Dzidziso Yacho
Kunyanguvezvo, vatendi vazhinji vanoramba vachiedza kururamisa dzidziso yacho. Seiko? Munyori weBritain Clive S. Lewis anotaurira vadziviriri vazhinjisa mubhuku rake The Problem of Pain: “Hapana dzidziso iyo nenzira yokudisa zvikuru ndaizobvisa muchiKristu kupfuura iyoyi, kudai kwaiva musimba rangu. Asi iyo ine tsigiro yakazara yoRugwaro uye, zvikurukuru, yamashoko aShe Wedu amene.” Nokudaro, vatsigiri vanobvuma kuti kutambudzwa kusingagumi kunokatyamadza, asi panguva imwe cheteyo, vanorangarira kuti dzidziso yacho iri madikanwa nemhaka yokuti vanorangarira kuti Bhaibheri rinoidzidzisa. Anoti mufundisi Pinnock: “Kupfurikidza nokubvuma kusafadza kwayo, ivo vanokarira kubvumikisa kutendeseka kwavo kusingazungunuki kuBhaibheri uye ushingi hwakati mukutenda kwavo zvokwadi inotyisa yakadaro nemhaka bedzi yokuti rugwaro rwunoidzidzisa. Vanoiita kuti iratidzike kuti kusakanganisa kweBhaibheri kuri mungozi. Asi kuri chaizvoizvo here?”
Iwewo ungashamisika kana kutendeseka kuBhaibheri kuchikusiya usina chisarudzo kunze kwokugamuchira iyi dzidziso. Chii chinotaura Bhaibheri chaizvoizvo pamusoro pehero?
[Mashoko Omuzasi]
a Eternal Life?—Life After Death as a Medical, Philosophical, and Theological Problem, peji 136.
[Bhokisi riri papeji 5]
MIFANANIDZO MITATU INE MIRANGARIRO YAKAFANANA
Westminster Confession of Faith, yakagamuchirwa navaPurotesitendi vakawanda, inotaura kuti vasina kusarudzwa “vachakandirwa mukutambudzwa kusingagumi, uye kurangwa noruparadziko rusingaperi.” “MuchiKristu cheRoma Katurike,” inotsanangura kudaro The Encyclopedia of Religion, “hero inorangarirwa kuva mugariro wechirango chisingagumi . . . chinoratidzirwa . . . nokutambura kwomwoto nokumwe kutambudza.” Iyi enisaikoropidhia inowedzera kuti “chiKristu cheEastern Orthodox” chinogoverana “dzidziso yokuti hero mugumo womwoto usingagumi nechirango chakamirira vakatukwa.”—Vhoriyamu 6, mapeji 238-9.