Chakavanzika Chamasuo

VANHU vazhinji vanofadzwa zvikuru nechakavanzika—nhau ine kahadziso, ine zvinotungamirira kumhinduro zvinogona kududzirwa munzira dzakasiana-siana, uye ine mugumo unoshamisa, zvimwe kuwanwa kwepfuma. Kana iwe uri, uchafarikanya ‘Chakavanzika Chamasuo.’

Ichi chakavanzika chakavamba kuoneka paMegidho, guta raiva pakanaka mune zvehondo iro raidzora nzira dzokutengeserana nedzehondo muMiddle East yakare. Vacheri vamatongo vakafukunura zvisaririra zvesuo hombe rokuzvidzivirira, iro hufakazi hwakavapwisa hwokuti raiva romunguva yaMambo Soromoni. Rakanga rakaita sei? Zvinotungamirira kumhinduro zvakavamba.

Tarira kurudyi kumufananidzo weMegidho yakare, uye zvikurukuru nharaunda yesuo yakatanhamariswa. Mufambi wakare kana kuti hondo inodenha inodzika nomugwagwa ichienda kuguta rakasimbiswa yaitanga kusvika pasuo rapamberi. Mukati mairoro makanga mune ruvanze, kana kuti ruvazhe. Marwuri vadenhi vapi navapi vairatidzirwa sezvavaifamba ndokuenda kuruboshwe kuti vasvike suo guru rokuzvidzivirira, iro riri pakati pechakavanzika chedu.

Shongwe dzakasimbiswa dzakaita mativi apamberi esuo. Suo rose rakanga rakavakwa, kwete namabwe omusango kana kuti zvitina, asi neashlar (mabwe akasanotemwa) ayo aiva omunhambo yaSoromoni chaimo. Asi kwakanga kune sitaera chaiyo mukati mesuo. Pamativi ebiravira refu pakanga pane mbiru huru, kana kuti magwana amabwe, ayo akaita kamuri nhanhatu umo varindiri vaiiswa. (Enzanisa naEzekieri 40:6, 10, 20, 21, 28, 29.) Munguva dzenguva dzose, ngoro kana kuti boka ravashambadzi raigona kupfuura nyore nyore, bva yaiva nhau yakasiana nokuda kwavadenhi vakakwanisa kuponda masuo makuru. Magwana amabwe aimanikidzira vadenhi kupinda mumukana mutete, kuti vapfuure napakati pemitsetse miviri yavanhu vakatarisana yakadzivirirwa navanhu vakashongedzerwa nezvombo, vakanakisisa vehondo yeMegidho, mukamuri dzokurudyi noruboshwe.

Zvino chakavanzika chinoenda kuchamhembe kweGungwa reGarirea kusvikira kugomo reHazori yakare, umo Purofesa John Garstang akachera muna 1928. Mucheri wamatongo weIsraeri Yigael Yadin akatendeukira kuiri gomo guru muna 1955. Iye airangarira kutaura kweBhaibheri kunorava, kuti: “Zvino ndiro shoko rechibharo chakarairwa naMambo Soromoni, kuzovaka imba yaJehovha . . . norusvingo rweJerusarema, neHazori, neMegidho, neGezeri.” (1 Madzimambo 9:15) Kwakaratidzika kuva kuno mufungo kuti mainjiniya aSoromoni aizotevera gadziriro huru yakafanana yokuvaka masvingo akafanana mumamwe maguta ayo vakavakazve. Ko masuo akadaro aSoromoni aivapo paHazori here?

Sezvo vashandi vaYadin vakafambira mberi mukuchera kwavo, vakawana madziro, madziro maviri ane kamuri pakati. Ipapo chivako chikuru chakabatanidzwa namadziro chakavamba kuoneka. Yadin anoti: “Nokukurumidza takaziva kuti takanga tawana suo . . . Kupfuurirazve, kwakakurumidza kuva pachena kuti purani yesuo—ine kamuri nhanhatu neshongwe mbiri—pamwe chete nemipimo yaro yakanga yakafanana neiyo yesuo rakawanwa [makore akawanda] pamberi pezvi paMegidho . . . Manyemwe mumusasa wedu akakura . . . Takanyora purani yesuo reMegidho pasi, tichiiratidzira nepegi kuratidzira makona namadziro, uye ipapo takaraidza vashandi vedu kuchera mukuwirirana nezviratidzo, tichivimbisa, kuti: ‘pano, muchawana madziro,’ kana kuti ‘apo muchawana kamuri.’ Apo ‘mauporofita’ edu akabvumikisa kuva akarurama, mukurumbira wedu wakakwira zvikuru kwazvo . . . Patakarava [kwavari] ndima yeBhaibheri pamusoro pamabasa aSoromoni muHazori, Megidho neGezeri, mukurumbira wedu wakaderera, asi uyo weBhaibheri wakakwira zvikuru kwazvo!”—Hazor: The Rediscovery of a Great Citadel of the Bible.

Kwakaratidzika kuti chakavanzika chamasuo chakanga chichipedzwa chaizvoizvo sezvaikarirwa mukuwirirana nenhungamiro dziri muBhaibheri. Bva, zvakadiniko neGezeri, kumaodzanyemba? Yadin aiziva kuti mucheri wamatongo wechiIrish R. A. S. Macalister, uyo akanga achera ikoko pakati pa 1902 na 1909, akanga asina kuwana chinhu chakagoverwa kuna Soromoni. Ko zvinotungamirira kumhinduro zvinokosha zvingave zvakafuratirwa here muicho kunyange Yadin akadana kuti “Chakavanzika cheGezeri”?

Iye anorondedzera, kuti: “Zviwanwa zvapaHazori nechikamu chakakurumbira muna 1 Madzimambo zvakanditungamirira kukunzverwa patsva kwomushumo waMacalister ndichikarira kuwana suo. Munhu anogona kusanofungidzira kushamiswa kwangu namanyemwe asina muganhu apo . . . ndakawana purani . . . ine musoro unoti ‘Purani Yenhare yeMaccabees yeGezeri.’” Macalister akaronga musi wezvisaririra zve“nhare” iyoyo kumukiro yavaMaccabees vechiJudha (zana ramakore rechipiri P.N.V.). Asi Yadin akafunga kuti aigona kuona muuyu mufananidzo wakare ‘madziro, imba yapasuo yokunze, uye kunyange zvinokosha zvikuru rakaratidzika kuva rakafanana nehafu yesuo reguta, zvakafanana chaizvoizvo neizvo zvinowanwa muMegidho neHazori.’ Yadin akabudisa nyaya paizvi zvinotungamirira kumhinduro. Gare gare, Dr. William G. Dever akachera paGezeri. Muuyo wacho? Dever akanyora namanyemwe, kuti: “Soromoni zvamazvirokwazvo akavakazve Gezeri!” Kana kuti sokutaura kunoita Yadin: “Zvamazvirokwazvo, boka raDever harina kungowana bedzi imwe hafu yesuo, asi ruzivo rwamabwe nerwokuumba rwakaratidzira chose chose kuti chivako chacho chakanga chavakwa munguva dzaSoromoni.”

Naizvozvo chakavanzika chakapedzwa. Yadin akati muThe Biblical Archaeologist (Volume XXXIII, 1970, 3): “Neyamuro yechikamu chipfupi cheBhaibheri chemuna Madzimambo, nhare dzaSoromoni, dzakafanana mupurani mumaguta matatu, dzakawanwa ndokupiwa misi.” “Zvamazvirokwazvo, kunoratidzika kuti hakuna muenzaniso munhau yokuchera matongo umo chikamu chamashoko chakabetsera zvikuru kwazvo mukuzivisa nokupa misi zvivako muanoverengeka amakomo anokosha zvikurusa . . . sezvakaita 1 Madzimambo 9:15.”

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 25]

Kwakavakirwa pana 1 Madzimambo 9:15, vacheri vamatongo vakawana paHazori suo roukuru humwe chetehwo nomugadzirirwo seiro romuMegidho

[Mifananidzo iri papeji 26]

Chiono chomudenga chesuo rapaGezeri. Mufananidzo unoratidza chakatanga kuwanwa (mutsetse usina madododo) uye chakawanwa makore 60 gare gare (mutsetse une madododo)

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.

[Vakatipa Mufananidzo uri papeji 24]

Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.