Fundo Pamusoro paMagwaro Akafuridzirwa Nemamirire Awo Ezvinhu Ekare

Fundo Nhamba 1—Kushanyira Nyika Yakapikirwa

Nharaunda dzenyika yacho, mativi ayo omusikirwo, makomo ayo nemipata, nzizi dzayo nenyanza, mamirire ayo okunze, ivhu, uye mhatsa yemiti.

1. (a) Neiko zita rokuti “Nyika Yakapikirwa” rakakodzera zvikurusa? (b) Ikariroi ine mbiri yatingarangarira sezvatinonzvera mamirire enyika yacho?

MIGANHU yeNyika Yakapikirwa yakare yakaiswa naJehovha Mwari. (Eks. 23:31; Num. 34:1-12; Josh. 1:4) Kwamazana amakore akawanda iyi nharaunda yakanongedzerwa kwairi navamwe senyika yePalestine, zita rakatorwa muPalaestina wechiLatin naPa·lai·stiʹne wechiGiriki. Iri shoko rapedzisira kududzwa rinotorwa muna Peleʹsheth wechiHebheru. MuMagwaro echiHebheru, Peleʹsheth rinoshandurwa kuti “Firistia,” uye rinonongedzera chete kunyika yevaFiristia, avo vakanga vari vavengi vavanhu vaMwari. (Eks. 15:14) Zvisinei, sezvo Jehovha akapikira iyi nyika kuna Abrahama akatendeka navazukuru vake, zita rokuti “Nyika Yakapikirwa,” kana kuti “Nyika Yechipikirwa,” rakakodzera zvikurusa. (Gen. 15:18; Dheut. 9:27, 28; VaH. 11:9) Iyi nyika inoshamisa mumhatsa yemamirire ayo, ichibatanidza muiyi nharaunda duku akawanda amativi akajeka nokunyanyisa zvinowanikwa mupasi rose. Kana Jehovha aigona kupa senhaka kuzvapupu zvake zvakare nyika yakadaro yechipikirwa ine mhatsa yayo yose yakaisvonaka, ipapoka zvirokwazvo iye anogona kupazve kuvanamati vake vakazvitsaurira paradhiso yenyika itsva ine mbiri inotambanuka mupasi rose, ine makomo, mipata, nzizi, uye nyanza, kuti avaunzire mufaro. Zvino ngatipe ngwariro huru kumativi emamirire eNyika Yakapikirwa, sezvatinoshanya parwendo rwokufungidzira.a

UKURU HWOSE ZVAHWO

2. VaJudha vakagara muyakawanda sei yeNyika Yakapikirwa, uye munyikai yokuwedzera?

² Maererano nemiganhu yayo yakapiwa naMwari sezvinotaurwa pana Numeri 34:1-12, nyika yakapikirwa kuna Israeri yaifanira kuva nyika nhete yakareba. Yaifanira kuva nemakiromita anenge 480 kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba uye yakafara makiromita anenge 56, paavhareji. Nharaunda yose yakapikirwa haina kutorwa nehondo, nokudzorwa kwamarudzi akawanda kutozosvikira kutonga kwaMambo Dhavhidhi naSoromoni. Zvisinei, chikamu chakagarwa chaizvoizvo navaJudha chinowanzorondedzerwa seicho chinofukidza kubvira paDhani kusvikira kuBheeri-sheba, icho chakanga chiri chinhambwe chamakiromita anenge 240 kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. (1 Madz. 4:25) Chinhambwe chokugura nyika yacho kubva paGomo reKarmeri kusvikira kuGungwa reGarirea makiromita anenge 51, uye kumaodzanyemba uko mhenderekedzo yeMediterranean inokombamira zvishoma nezvishoma kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, makiromita anopfuura 80 kubva paGaza kusvikira kuGungwa Rakafa. Iyi nharaunda yakagarwa iri kumadokero kweRwizi rwaJoridhani yaingova bedzi nemakiromita akaenzana kumativi mana ane 15 000. Zvisinei, vaIsraeri mukuwedzera vakagara munyika dzaiva kumabvazuva kwaJoridhani (nyika dzisina kubatanidzwa mumiganhu yakapikirwa yapakuvamba), kuita kuti hwerengedzo yenyika yakagarwa ive isingasviki zvishomanene makiromita 26 000 akaenzana kumativi mana.

NHARAUNDA DZOMUSIKIRWO

3. Uchishandisa mepu inoti “Nharaunda Dzomusikirwo dzeNyika Yakapikirwa” nendima, zivisa nokupfupikisa nharaunda dzinobatanidzwa muzvikamu zvomusikirwo zvinotevera zvenyika yacho: (a) mapani ari kumadokero kwaJoridhani, (b) nharaunda dzine makomo dziri kumadokero kwaJoridhani, (c) makomo nemarwenze ari kumabvazuva kwaJoridhani.

³ Kushanyira kwedu Nyika Yakapikirwa kuchatipfuudza nomuzvikamu zvomusikirwo zvinotevera zvenyika yacho. Ndaza iri pasi apa inogovera nhungamiro kumepu yabatanidzwa, iyo inoratidza miganhu inodokuva yakarurama yenharaunda dzinokurukurwa.

Nharaunda Dzenyika

A. Mhenderekedzo yeGungwa Guru.—Josh. 15:12.

B. Mapani Ari kuMadokero kwaJoridhani

1. Bani reAsheri.—Vat. 5:17.

2. Mhenderekedzo Yegungwa Nhete Yakareba yeDhori.—Josh. 12:23.

3. Mafuro eSharoni.—1 Mak. 5:16.

4. Bani reFiristia.—Gen. 21:32; Eks. 13:17.

5. Mupata Wapakati paMabvazuva naMadokero

a. Bani reMegidho (Esdraelon).—2 Mak. 35:22.

b. Bani Rakaderera reJezreeri.—Vat. 6:33.

C. Nharaunda Dzine Makomo kuMadokero kwaJoridhani

1. Makomo eGarirea.—Josh. 20:7; Isa. 9:1.

2. Makomo eKarmeri.—1 Madz. 18:19, 20, 42.

3. Makomo eSamaria.—Jer. 31:5; Amo. 3:9.

4. Shefera.—Josh. 11:2; Vat. 1:9, NW.

5. Nyika Yemakomo yeJudha.—Josh. 11:21.

6. Renje reJudha (Jeshimoni).—Vat. 1:16; 1 Sam. 23:19.

7. Negebhi.—Gen. 12:9; Num. 21:1, NW.

8. Renje reParani.—Gen. 21:21; Num. 13:1-3.

D. Arabha Huru (Mupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi).—2 Sam. 2:29; Jer. 52:7.

1. Gova reHura

2. Nharaunda Yakapoteredza Gungwa reGarirea.—Mat. 14:34; Joh. 6:1.

3. Ruwa rwoMupata waJoridhani (Ghor).—1 Madz. 7:46; 2 Mak. 4:17; Ruka 3:3.

4. Gungwa Romunyu (Rakafa) (Gungwa reArabha).—Num. 34:3; Dheut. 4:49; Josh. 3:16.

5. Arabha (nechokumaodzanyemba kubva kuGungwa Romunyu).—Dheut. 2:8.

E. Makomo Nemarwenze kuMabvazuva kwaJoridhani.—Josh. 13:9, 16, 17, 21; 20:8.

1. Nyika yeBhashani.—1 Mak. 5:11; Pis. 68:15.

2. Nyika yeGireadhi.—Josh. 22:9.

3. Nyika yaAmoni neyaMoabhi.—Josh. 13:25; 1 Mak. 19:2; Dheut. 1:5.

4. Rwenze Rwegomo rweEdhomi.—Num. 21:4; Vat. 11:18.

F. Makomo eRebhanoni.—Josh. 13:5.

A. MHENDEREKEDZO YEGUNGWA GURU

4. Ndezvipi zviri zvinotsauranisa nemamirire okunze zvemhenderekedzo yegungwa?

⁴ Tichivamba shanyo yedu kubva kumadokero, tinotanga kuona mhenderekedzo yegungwa murutivi meMediterranean yakaisvonaka, yebhuruu. Nemhaka yenzvimbo huru yemirwi yejecha, chiteshi chengarava chomusikirwo chakanaka bedzi chiri pasi peGomo reKarmeri chiri paJopa; asi kuchamhembe kweKarmeri kune zviteshi zvengarava zvomusikirwo zvakanaka zvinoverengeka. VaFenikia, avo vaigara munyika iri murutivi urwu rwemhenderekedzo, vakava vanhu vakakurumbira vanofamba mugungwa. Avhareji yetembiricha yegore negore mumhenderekedzo yegungwa inopisa i19^o C. inofadza, kunyange zvazvo mwaka yezhizha ichipisa zvikuru, neavhareji yetembiricha yamasikati yeinenge 34^o C. muGaza.

B-1 BANI REASHERI

5, 6. Rondedzera nokupfupikisa (a) Bani reAsheri, (b) nzvimbo nhete yakareba yomumhenderekedzo yeDhori.

⁵ Iri bani romumhenderekedzo yegungwa rinoenda kuchamhembe richibva kuGomo reKarmeri kwamakiromita anenge 40. Upamhi hwaro hukurusa hunenge makiromita 13, uye iro rutivi rwenyika yakagoverwa kurudzi rwaAsheri. (Josh. 19:24-30) Rakanga riri bani rakareba rakaorera uye raiibvisa zvakanaka, richigovera zvokudya zvetafura youmambo yaSoromoni.—Gen. 49:20; 1 Madz. 4:7, 16.

B-2 MHENDEREKEDZO YEGUNGWA NHETE YAKAREBA YEDHORI

⁶ Iyi nyika yakareba inoganhura Dungwerungwe reKarmeri kwamakiromita anenge 32. Yakafara makiromita anenge mana bedzi. Iyo chaizvoizvo inyika nhete yakareba yemumhenderekedzo iri pakati peKarmeri neMediterranean. Murutivi rwayo rwokumaodzanyemba, kune guta rechiteshi chengarava reDhori, uye kumaodzanyemba kwairori, mirwi yejecha inovamba. Makomo ari seri kweDhori aibereka zvokudya zvakanakisisa zvamabiko aSoromoni. Mumwe wavanasikana vaSoromoni akaroorwa nomutevedzeri akabva kuiyi nharaunda.—1 Madz. 4:7, 11.

B-3 MAFURO ESHARONI

7. (a) Sharoni inonongedzerwa sei kwairi muuporofita, uye neiko? (b) Munguva dzechiHebheru iyi nharaunda yakashandiswa nokuda kwechii?

⁷ Nemhaka yorunako rwakakurumbira rwamaruwa ayo, kwakakodzera kuti Sharoni inodudzwa muchiono chouporofita chaIsaya chenyika yakadzorerwa yaIsraeri. (Isa. 35:2) Iyi inyika yakaorera, ine mvura yakawanda. Ibani rine makiromita anosiyana-siyana kubvira pa16 kusvikira ku19 muupamhi, richienda kwemakiromita anenge 64 nechokumaodzanyemba kubva kunyika nhete yakareba yemumhenderekedzo yeDhori. Munguva dzechiHebheru masango emiouki aikura murutivi rwokuchamhembe rweSharoni. Zvipfuyo zvakawanda zvaifura imomo pashure pokunge zviyo zvachekwa. Akadanwa kuti mafuro eSharoni nokuda kwechikonzero ichochi. Munguva yaMambo Dhavhidhi, mapoka ezvipfuyo amambo aichengetwa muSharoni. (1Mako. 27:29) Nhasi minda mikuru yemichero inowanwa muiyi nharaunda.

B-4 BANI REFIRISTIA

8. Bani reFiristia riri kupi, uye ndeapi ari mativi aro?

⁸ Ichi chikamu chenyika chiri kumaodzanyemba kwamafuro eSharoni, chichienda makiromita 80 nomumhenderekedzo uye makiromita anenge 24 munyika. (1 Madz. 4:21) Mirwi yejecha iri mumhenderekedzo inopinda pane dzimwe nguva zvikuru semakiromita matanhatu. Iri bani rine mikwidzwa nemidzikisirwa, rinokwira kufanana namatanho kubvira pamamita 30 kusvikira kuakawanda semamita 200 seri kweGaza kumaodzanyemba. Ivhu racho rakaorera; asi mvura haina kuwanda zvikuru, uye nguva dzose kune ngozi yokusanaya kwemvura.

B-5 MUPATA WAPAKATI PAMABVAZUVA NAMADOKERO

9. (a) Mativii maviri anoumba mupata wapakati pamabvazuva namadokero, uye wakanga uri woukoshii hunoshanda? (b) Kupfurikidza nokushandisa mifananidzo iri pa“Zvikamu Zvinoratidza Zvakaita Nyika Yakapikirwa,” rondedzera chimiro chose cheiyi nharaunda.

⁹ Mupata wapakati pamabvazuva namadokero chaizvoizvo wakaumbwa nemativi maviri, Mupata weMegidho, kana kuti Esdraelon, kumadokero, uye Mupata weJezreeri kumabvazuva. (2Mako. 35:22; Vat. 6:33) Mupata uyu wose wapakati wakagovera kugura nyika kuri nyore kubva kumupata waJoridhani wakaparirwa nokutsemuka kwapasi kusvika kuMhenderekedzo yeMediterranean, uye yakava nzira yezvokutengeserana inokosha. Bani reMegidho rinorasira mvura murwizi rwomumupata rwaKishoni, urwo rwunobuda nepamukana wakamanikana uri pakati peGomo reKarmeri nemakomo eGarirea ndokupinda muBani reAsheri uye kubva ipapo kusvika kuMediterranean. Uyu mugero muduku unodokuoma mukati memwedzi yezhizha, asi padzimwe nguva unozara ndokuva rwizi.—Vat. 5:21.

10. (a) Rondedzera Mupata weJezreeri. (b) Iyi nharaunda yakabatanidzwa nezviitikoi zveBhaibheri?

¹⁰ Mupata weJezreeri unorasira mvura kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva nechokuJoridhani. Uyu mukoto womupata, Bani reJezreeri, wakafara makiromita anenge 3,2 uye unofukidza chinhambwe chamakiromita anodokusvika 19. Kukwira kunotanga pamamita anopfuura 90, uye ipapo kunodzika zvakatsiga kusvikira kumamita anenge 120 pasi pemwero wegungwa pedyo neBheti-sheani. Mupata wapakati wose wakaorera zvikuru, chikamu cheJezreeri chichiva rumwe rwamativi akaorera zvikurusa enyika yacho yose. Jezreeri rimene rinoreva kuti “Mwari Achadyara Mbeu.” (Hos. 2:22) Magwaro anotaura nezvekufadza norunako zveurwu ruwa. (Gen. 49:15) Ose ari maviri Megidho neJezreeri akanga achibetsera muhondo dzakarwiwa naIsraeri nemarudzi akapoteredza, uye makanga muri muno umo Bharaki, Gidheoni, Mambo Sauro, uye Jehu vakarwa.—Vat. 5:19-21; 7:12; 1 Sam. 29:1; 31:1, 7; 2 Madz. 9:27.

C-1 MAKOMO EGARIREA

11, 12. (a) Garirea yakatanhamara kusvikira kutambanukoi muushumiri hwaJesu, uye ndivanaani vaibva muurwu ruwa? (b) Siyanisa Garirea Yezasi neGarirea Yokumusoro.

¹¹ Makanga muri muchikamu chokumaodzanyemba chemakomo eGarirea (uye makapota Gungwa reGarirea) umo Jesu akaita rutivi rukuru zvikuru rwebasa rake rokupupurira zita raJehovha noUmambo. (Mat. 4:15-17; Marko 3:7) Vakawanda zvikurusa vavateveri vaJesu, kubatanidza 11 vose vavaapostora vake vakatendeka, vakabva Garirea. (Mabasa 2:7) Muurwu ruwa, pane dzimwe nguva rwaidanwa kunzi Garirea Yezasi, nyika yacho inofadza zvirokwazvo, makomo achireba mamita asingapfuuri 600. Kubva mumatsutso kusvika kuchirimo, hakuna kushayikwa kwemvura paiyi nyika inofadza, uye nokudaro haisati iri nharaunda yerenje. Munguva yechirimo rutivi rwegomo rwuri rwose rwakajeka namaruva, uye gova romumupata riri rose rine zviyo zvakawanda. Parwenze ruduku, pane ivhu rakaorera nokuda kwokurima, uye makomo acho akasanokodzera kukura kwemiorivhi nemizambiringa. Mataundi eBhaibheri akakurumbira muiyi nharaunda iNazareta, Kana, uye Naini. (Mat. 2:22, 23; Joh. 2:1; Ruka 7:11) Iyi nharaunda yakapa Jesu ruzivo rwakakura rwokushandisa mukuita mienzaniso yake.—Mat. 6:25-32; 9:37, 38.

¹² Muchikamu chokuchamhembe, kana kuti Garirea Yokumusoro, makomo anokwira kusvika kuanosanopfuura mamita 1 100, achiva, chaizvoizvo, majinga eMakomo eRebhanoni. Garirea Yokumusoro yakaparadzana uye inorohwa nemhepo, uye mvura yakawanda. Munguva dzeBhaibheri mikwidza yechokumadokero yakanga ine miti zvikuru. Iyi nharaunda yakagoverwa kurudzi rwaNaftari.—Josh. 20:7.

C-2 MAKOMO EKARMERI

13. (a) Chii chaizvoizvo chiri Karmeri? (b) Kududzwai nezvayo kunoitwa muBhaibheri?

¹³ Chikamu cheGomo reKarmeri chinobuda zvakaisvonaka ndokupinda muGungwa reMediterranean. Karmeri idungwerungwe chaizvoizvo, rine makiromita anenge 48 muurefu, rakareba samamita 545 pamusoro pegungwa. Rinobva kumakomo eSamaria kusvika kuMediterranean, uye nzvimbo yaro yakareba, iyo inoumba mukwingwiziri mukuru pamucheto wokuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero, harikanganwiki mukufadza kwaro norunako. (Rwiyo 7:5) Zita rokuti Karmeri rinoreva kuti “Munda Wemichero,” iro rinokodzera zvirokwazvo iyi nzvimbo yakareba yakaorera, yakashongedzwa neminda yayo yemizambiringa yakakurumbira nemiti yemichero neyemiorivhi. Isaya 35:2 inorishandisa sechiratidzo chembiri yokuibvisa kwenyika yakadzorerwa yaIsraeri: ‘Ukomba hweKarmeri hunofanira kuripiwa.’ Pakanga pari pano apo Eria akadenha vaprista vaBhaari uye kuti “mwoto waJehovha wakaburuka” muchibvumikiso choukurusa Hwake, uye Eria akadanira ngwariro kugore duku rakava dzvotsvotsvo, ari pamusoro peKarmeri, nokudaro richigumisa nenzira inoshamisa kusanaya kwemvura pana Israeri.—1 Madz. 18:17-46.

C-3 MAKOMO ESAMARIA

14. Marudzi api akagara mumakomo eSamaria, uye iyi nharaunda yakakodzera nokuda kwezvirimwai?

¹⁴ Rutivi rwokumaodzanyemba rweiyi nharaunda rune makomo zvikuru, ruchikwira kusvika kumamita anopfuura 900 kumabvazuva. (1 Sam. 1:1) Muiyi nharaunda, mune kunaya kwemvura kukuru zvikuru nokwakavimbika zvikuru kupfuura muJudha kumaodzanyemba. Iyi nharaunda yakagarwa navazukuru vaEfraimi, mwanakomana muduku waJosefa. Rutivi rwokuchamhembe rweiyi nharaunda, urwo rwakagoverwa kuhafu yorudzi rwaManase, mwanakomana mukuru waJosefa, runobatanidza makova omumupata nemapani maduku akapoteredzwa nemakomo. Nyika ine makomo haina kuorera kwazvo, kunyange zvazvo kune minda yemizambiringa nemiorivhi, yaibviriswa nekuiswa machinjiri kukuru mumativi egomo akaderera. (Jer. 31:5) Zvisinei, makova makuru zvikuru omumupata akaisvonaka nokuda kwokurima zviyo nokurimawo zvako. Maguta akawanda akanga akapararira muiyi nharaunda munguva dzeBhaibheri. Mukati menguva yeumambo hwokuchamhembe, Manase akagovera madzimbahwe matatu akatevedzana—Shekemi, Tirza, uye Samaria—uye nharaunda yose yakasvika pakudanwa kunzi Samaria, zita redzimbahwe.—1 Madz. 12:25; 15:33; 16:24.

15. (a) Chikomborero chaMosesi pana Josefa chakazadzikwa sei munharaunda yeSamaria? (b) Iyi nyika yakakomborerwazve sei mukati menguva yaJesu?

¹⁵ Chikomborero chaMosesi pana Josefa zvirokwazvo chakazadzikwa kuiyi nyika. “Pamusoro paJosefa wakati: Nyika yake ngairopafadzwe naJehovha; ipiwe zvinhu zvakanakisa zvokudenga, nedova, . . . nezvinhu zvakanakisa zvezvibereko zvezuva, nezvinhu zvakanakisa zvinomedzwa nomwedzi; nezvinhu zvakanaka zvamakomo ekare, nezvinhu zvakanakisa zvezvikomo zvisingaperi.” (Dheut. 33:13-15) Hungu, iyoyi yakanga iri nyika inofadza. Makomo ayo akanga ane miti zvikuru, mipata yayo yakanga ichiibvisa, uye yakava yakazadzwa nemaguta anobudirira neane vagari vemo vakawanda. (1 Madz. 12:25; 2Mako. 15:8) Munguva dzapashure Jesu akaparidza munyika yeSamaria, sezvakaita vadzidzi vake, uye chiKristu chakawana vatsigiri vakawanda imomo.—Joh. 4:4-10; Mabasa 1:8; 8:1, 14.

C-4 SHEFERA

16. (a) Chii chinoratidzira Shefera? (b) Urwu ruwa rwakanga rwuri rwoukoshii munguva dzeBhaibheri?

¹⁶ Nepo zita rokuti Shefera richireva “Nyika Yakaderera,” chaizvoizvo inharaunda ine makomo inosvika kuurefu hwamamita anenge 450 muchikamu chokumaodzanyemba uye inogurwa nemipata yakawanda iyo inobvira kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero. (2Mako. 26:10) Inokwira yakananga kumabvazuva kwebani remhenderekedzo reFiristia uye inofanira kurangarirwa kuva nyika yakaderera bedzi nokuenzanisa nemakomo marefu zvikuru eJudha kure kumabvazuva. (Josh. 12:8) Makomo ayo, ayo akanga akafukidzwa nemiti yemisikari, zvino anotsigira minda yemizambiringa neminda yemiorivhi. (1 Madz. 10:27) Yakanga ine maguta akawanda. Munhau yeBhaibheri yaibatira senzvimbo yedziviriro pakati pavaIsraeri navaFiristia kana kuti dzimwe hondo dzipi kana dzipi dzinovhozhokera dzaiedza kupinda muJudha dzichibva kurutivi rwebani rokumhenderekedzo.—2 Madz. 12:17; Obha. 19.

C-5 NYIKA YEMAKOMO YEJUDHA

17. (a) Nyika yemakomo yeJudha yakanga ichibereka zvibereko sei munguva dzeBhaibheri, uye zvakadiniko nanhasi? (b) Judha yakarangarirwa senzvimbo yakanaka nokuda kwechii?

¹⁷ Iyi inharaunda yakakwirira ine matombo yakareba makiromita anenge 80 uye yakafara makiromita asingasviki 32, nokukwirira kunosiyana kubva pamakiromita 600 kusvika ku1 000 pamusoro pemwero wegungwa. Munguva dzeBhaibheri nharaunda yacho yakanga yakafukidzwa nemiti, uye zvikurukuru kurutivi rwokumadokero, makomo nemipata zvakanga zvine minda yezviyo yakawanda, miorivhi, uye minda yemizambiringa. Irworwu rwakanga rwuri ruwa rwaibereka zviyo zvakanaka zvakawanda, mafuta, uye waini nokuda kwaIsraeri. Zvikurukuru nharaunda yakapoteredza Jerusarema yakatambura kutemwa kwemiti musango kukuru kubvira munguva dzeBhaibheri uye naizvozvo inoratidzika kuva isingameri miti mukuenzanisa nezvayaichimbova. Muchando, sinou pane dzimwe nguva inodonha pakakwirira zvikuru pakati, zvakadai sepaBheterehema. Munguva dzakare Judha yairangarirwa kuva nzvimbo yakanaka yamaguta nenhare, uye munguva dzinotambudza vanhu vaigona kutizira kuaya makomo nokuda kwekotsekano.—2Mako. 27:4.

18. (a) Jerusarema rakava rini dzimbahwe reIsraeri neJudha? (b) Ndeapi ari mamwe mativi anofadza eguta racho?

¹⁸ Rakatanhamara munhau yeJudha neyeIsraeri iJerusarema, rinodanwawo kunzi Zioni, zita renhare yaro. (Pis. 48:1, 2) Pakuvamba rakanga riri guta rechiKanani reJebhusi, riri panzvimbo yakakwirira pamusoro pemharadzano yeMupata weHinomi neMupata weKidroni. Pashure pokunge Dhavhidhi aritapa ndokuriita dzimbahwe, rakatambanudzwa kusvikira kumadokero kwakadziva kuchamhembe, uye pakupedzisira rakafukidzawo Mupata weTyropoeon. Pashure penguva yakati Mupata waHinomi wakasvika pakudanwa kunzi Gehena. Nemhaka yokuti vaJudha vaiita zvibayiro zvokunamata zvidhori imomo, wakanzi hauna kuchena uye wakashandurwa kuva durunhuru ramarara nezvitunha zvamatsotsi akaipa. (2 Madz. 23:10; Jer. 7:31-33) Nokudaro, mwoto yawo yakava chiratidzo chokuparadzwa chose chose. (Mat. 10:28; Marko 9:47, 48) Jerusarema raiwana mvura yakaganhurirwa bedzi muDziva reSiroami, kumadokero kweMupata weKidroni, uye Hezekia akadzivirira irori kupfurikidza nokuvaka madziro okunze kuti rive mukati meguta.—Isa. 22:11; 2Mako. 32:2-5.

C-6 RENJE REJUDHA (JESHIMONI)

19. (a) Jeshimoni inokodzera sei revo yezita rayo? (b) Zviitikoi zveBhaibheri zvakaitika muiyi nharaunda?

¹⁹ Jeshimoni izita reBhaibheri reRenje reJudha. Rinoreva kuti “Renje.” (1 Sam. 23:19, NW, mashoko omuzasi) Iri zita rinorondedzera uye rakakodzera sei! Renje racho rine mikwidzwa yokumabvazuva yakashata yeminyakwe isina chinhu yemakomo eJudhea, ayo anodzikira mamita anopfuura 900 mumakiromita 24 sezvo anosvika kuGungwa Rakafa, uko kune madziro emawere akashata. Hakuna maguta uye kune misha mishomanene muJeshimoni. Kwakanga kuri kuiri renje reJudha uko Dhavhidhi akatizira achibva kuna Mambo Sauro, pakanga pari pakati peiri renje neJoridhani apo Johane Mubhapatidzi akaparidza, uye kwakanga kuri kuiyi nharaunda uko Jesu akaenda pakuzvinyima zvokudya kwamazuva 40.b—1 Sam. 23:14; Mat. 3:1; Ruka 4:1.

C-7 NEGEBHI

20. Rondedzera Negebhi.

²⁰ Kumaodzanyemba kwemakomo eJudha kune Negebhi, uko madzitateguru Abrahama naIsaka vakagara kwamakore akawanda. (Gen. 13:1-3; 24:62) Bhaibheri rinonongedzerawo kurutivi rwokumaodzanyemba rweiyi nharaunda se“renje reZini.” (Josh. 15:1) Negebhi inonaya mvura shomanene inobva kuruwa rweBheeri-sheba kuchamhembe kusvika kuKadheshi-bharnea kumaodzanyemba. (Gen. 21:31; Num. 13:1-3, 26; 32:8) Nyika yacho inodzikira kubva mumakomo eJudha nenhevedzano yemachinjiri, iyo inoenda kumabvazuva nokumadokero, nenzira yakadaro zvokupa mupingo womusikirwo kuzvinofamba mumugwagwa kana kuti kuvhozhokera kubva kumaodzanyemba. Nyika yacho inodzikira kubva pamakomo murutivi rwokumabvazuva rweNegebhi kusvika kubani rerenje kumadokero, mumhenderekedzo yegungwa. Zhizha rinowana nyika yacho yakaoma serenje, kunze kwepedyo nemipata yenzizi. Zvisinei, mvura ingawanwa kupfurikidza nokuchera tsime. (Gen. 21:30, 31) Nyika yazvino uno yeIsrael iri kudiridzira nokusimudzira mativi eNegebhi. “Rwizi rweEgipita” rwairatidzira muganhu wokumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero weNegebhi pamwe chete nokuva rutivi rwemuganhu wokumaodzanyemba weNyika Yakapikirwa.—Gen. 15:18.

C-8 RENJE REPARANI

21. Parani iri kupi, uye rutivii rwayakaita munhau yeBhaibheri?

²¹ Kumaodzanyemba kweNegebhi uye richibatana neRenje reZini pane Renje reParani. Pakubva paSinai, vaIsraeri vakayambuka iri renje vachienda kuNyika Yakapikirwa, uye Mosesi akatuma tsori 12 ari Parani.—Num. 12:16–13:3.

D. ARABHA HURU (MUPATA WAKAPARIRWA NOKUTSEMUKA KWAPASI)

22. Kupfurikidza nokushandisa mepu iri papeji 272 nemifananidzo iri papeji 273, pamwe chete nendima ino, rondedzera nokupfupikisa mativi makuru (oMupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi) weArabha nokuwirirana kwawo nenyika yakapoteredza.

²² Kumwe kwokuumbwa kwechienzi zvikurusa kwenyika pasi pano Mupata mukuru Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi. MuBhaibheri, rutivi runopfuura nomuNyika Yakapikirwa kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba runonzi “Arabha.” (Josh. 18:18) Pana 2 Samueri 2:29 uku kutsemuka pamusoro papasi pakaoma kunorondedzerwa segoronga. Kuchamhembe kwaro kune Gomo reHermoni. (Josh. 12:1) Kubva mujinga reHermoni, Mupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi unodzikira nokukurumidza nechokumaodzanyemba kusvika kumamita anenge 800 pasi pemwero wegungwa pasi peGungwa Rakafa. Kubva kumugumo wokumaodzanyemba weGungwa Rakafa, Arabha inopfuurira, ichikwira kusvika kumamita anopfuura 200 pamusoro pemwero wegungwa nechepakati pakati peGungwa Rakafa neRutivi Rwegungwa Runopinda Munyika rweʽAqaba. Pashure pacho inodzika nokukurumidza ndokupinda mumvura dzinodziya dzepanobuda kunze pokumabvazuva peGungwa Dzvuku. Mepu dzezvikamu dziri pamwe chete dzinoratidza kuwirirana kweMupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi nenyika yakapoteredza.

D-1 GOVA REHURA

23. Nharaunda yeHura yakanga yakabatanidzwa nechii munguva dzeBhaibheri?

²³ Uchivamba mujinga reGomo reHermoni, Mupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi unokurumidza kudzika mamita anopfuura 490 kusvika kunharaunda yeHura, iyo iri panenge pamwero wegungwa. Urwu ruwa rune mvura yakawanda uye runoramba rwakasvibira zvakaisvonaka kunyange mumwedzi yezhizha rinopisa. Makanga muri muiyi nharaunda umo vaDhani vakagara muguta ravo reDhani, iro rakabatira senzvimbo yokunamata zvidhori yokunamatira kubva panguva yavatongi kusvika kunguva youmambo hwamarudzi gumi hwaIsraeri. (Vat. 18:29-31; 2 Madz. 10:29) Pakanga pari paKesaria Firipo, guta raiva pedyo nenzvimbo yeDhani yakare, apo Jesu akasimbisa kuvadzidzi vake kuti iye akanga ari Kristu, uye vakawanda vanodavira kuti pakanga pari paGomo reHermoni riri pedyo apo kushanduka chitarisiko kwakaitika mazuva matanhatu gare gare. Kubva paHura, Mupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi unodzika kusvika kuGungwa reGarirea, iro riri mamita anenge 210 pasi pemwero wegungwa.—Mat. 16:13-20; 17:1-9.

D-2 NHARAUNDA YAKAPOTEREDZA GUNGWA REGARIREA

24. (a) Mamwei mazita anodanwa Gungwa reGarirea muBhaibheri? (b) Mhoteredzo dzaro dzakanga dzakaita sei muzuva raJesu?

²⁴ Gungwa reGarirea nemhoteredzo dzaro zvinofadza.c Kufarira nharaunda iyoyo kunowedzerwa nemhaka yezviitiko zvakawanda muushumiri hwaJesu zvakaitika ikoko. (Mat. 4:23) Gungwa racho rinonziwo Nyanza yeGenesareti, kana kuti Kineroti, uye Gungwa reTibheriasi. (Ruka 5:1; Josh. 13:27; Joh. 21:1) Chaizvoizvo inyanza yakaita semwoyo, yakareba makiromita anodokusvika 21 uye yakafara makiromita anenge 11 pakafarisisa payo, uye inoumba dziva remvura rinokosha renyika yacho yose. Rakasanopfigwa nemakomo parunodokuva rutivi rwuri rwose. Pamusoro penyanza pari mamita anenge 210 pasi pemwero wegungwa, kuchiguma nemwaka yechando inofadza, inodziya uye mwaka yezhizha yakareba zvikuru, inopisa. Mumazuva aJesu, yakanga iri nzvimbo yokuredza yakabudirira zvikuru, uye maguta akabudirira eKorazini, Bhetisaidha, Kapernaume, uye Tibheriasi akanga ari pamhenderekedzo yenyanza yacho kana kuti pedyo. Runyararo rwenyanza yacho runogona kudzongonyedzwa nokukurumidza nemadutu. (Ruka 8:23) Kabani keGenesareti, kane mativi matatu mukuumbwa, kari kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kwenyanza yacho. Ivhu racho rakaorera, richibereka runodokuva rudzi rwuri rwose rwechirimwa runozivikanwa muNyika Yakapikirwa. Muchirimo materu ane mavara anofadza anopenya nokupenya kusina kunokupfuura munyika yaIsraeri.d

D-3 RUWA RWOMUPATA WAJORIDHANI (GHOR)

25. Ndeapi ari mativi makuru eMupata waJoridhani?

²⁵ Uyu mupata wose wakafanana negoronga unodzika unonziwo “Arabha.” (Dheut. 3:17, NW) VaArab nhasi vanonongedzera kwauri seGhor, kureva kuti “Goronga.” Mupata wacho unotanga paGungwa reGarirea uye kazhinji kazhinji wakafara—uchiva wakafara makiromita anenge 19 munzvimbo dzakati. Rwizi rwaJoridhani rumene ruri mamita 46 pasi pebani romupata, ruchitenderera-tenderera munzira yemakiromita 320 kuti rufukidze makiromita 105 kusvika kuGungwa Rakafa.e Ruchipopoma pamapopomo 27, runodzika nemamita 180 panguva yarunozosvika kuGungwa Rakafa. Joridhani wezasi akashongedzwa nesango remiti namakwenzi, zvikurukuru mitamarisiki, mioleander, uye miwillow, pakati pazvo shumba nevana vadzo dzaivanda munguva dzeBhaibheri. Irworwu runozivikanwa nhasi seZor uye runofashamirwa zvishomanene muchirimo. (Jer. 49:19) Inokwira pamusoro kurutivi rumwe norumwe rweiyi nzvimbo nhete yakareba yakafanana nesango iQattara, muganhu wakaoma wenyika iri dongo yetumarwenze nemikwidzwa yakakamurwa inosvitsa kumapani eGhor imene. Mapani ari murutivi rwokuchamhembe kweGhor, kana kuti Arabha, anosanorimwa. Kunyange murutivi rwokumaodzanyemba, nechokuGungwa Rakafa, rwenze rweArabha, urwo nhasi runopisa zvikuru, pane imwe nguva runotaurwa kuva rwaibereka marudzi akawanda emadate, pamwe chete nemimwe michero yakawanda yomunzvimbo dzinopisa dzapasi. Jeriko rakanga riri uye richiri guta rakakurumbira zvikurusa muMupata waJoridhani.—Josh. 6:2, 20; Marko 10:46.

D-4 GUNGWA ROMUNYU (RAKAFA)

26. (a) Ndeapi ari mamwe emaidi anoshamisa pamusoro peGungwa Rakafa? (b) Chipupuriroi chinoshamisa icho iyi nharaunda inopa pamusoro porutongeso rwaJehovha?

²⁶ Apa ndepamwe pepakaungana mvura panoshamisa zvikurusa pamusoro papasi. Rinodanwa nenzira yakakodzera kuti rakafa, nokuti hakuna hove dzinogara mugungwa macho uye kune miti mishomanene mumhenderekedzo maro. Bhaibheri rinoridana kuti Gungwa Remunyu, kana kuti Gungwa reArabha, sezvo riri mumupata wakaparirwa nokutsemuka kwapasi weArabha. (Gen. 14:3; Josh. 12:3) Gungwa racho riri makiromita anenge 75 kubva kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba uye makiromita 15 kufara. Pamusoro paro mamita anenge 400 pasi peapo peGungwa reMediterranean, kuchipaita nzvimbo yakaderera zvikurusa pasi pano. Murutivi rwaro rwokuchamhembe, rakadzama mamita anenge 400. Parutivi rumwe norumwe, gungwa racho rakapfigirwa nemakomo asingameri miti nemawere akadzama. Kunyange zvazvo Rwizi rwaJoridhani ruchipinza mvura yakanaka, hakuna panobudisa mvura kunze kwekupfurikidza nokupwa, uko kunokurumidza sokupinda kwemvura. Mvura yakavharirwa ine zvinhu zvakaoma zvakanyunguduka zvinenge 25 muzana, zvikurukuru munyu, uye ine chepfu kuhove uye inorwadza kumaziso omunhu. Vashanyi kuzhinjisa yenharaunda yakapoteredza Gungwa Rakafa vanoshamiswa kazhinji kazhinji nepfungwa yokuitwa dongo noruparadziko. Inzvimbo yezvakafa. Kunyange zvazvo nharaunda yacho yose yakanga ichimbova “nharaunda ine mvura yakawanda . . . yakafanana nebindu raJehovha,” nharaunda yakapoteredza Gungwa Rakafa zvino i“dongo” zvikuru uye rave rakadaro kwemakore anodokusvika 4 000, sechipupuriro chinoshamisa chokusachinja kworutongeso rwaJehovha urwo rwakaitwa paSodhoma neGomora.—Gen. 13:10, NW; Ge 19:27-29; Zef. 2:9.

D-5 ARABHA (NECHOKUMAODZANYEMBA KUBVA KUGUNGWA ROMUNYU)

27. Rudzii rwenyika runoumba Arabha yokumaodzanyemba, uye ndivanaani vaidzora iyoyi munguva dzakare?

²⁷ Ichi chikamu chokupedzisira cheMupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi chinoenda nechokumaodzanyemba kwemamwe makiromita 160. Iyi nharaunda inodokuva renje yose. Mvura haiwanzonaya, uye zuva rinogocha zvikuru. Bhaibheri rinodanawo iyoyi kuti “Arabha.” (Dheut. 2:8, NW) Panenge pakati, inosvika pakakwirira zvikurusa payo pamamita anopfuura 200 pamusoro pemwero wegungwa uye ipapo inodzika nechokumaodzanyemba zvakare kuRutivi rweGungwa Runopinda Munyika rweʽAqaba, rutivi runobudira kunze rwokumabvazuva rweGungwa Dzvuku. Pakanga pari pano, pachiteshi chengarava cheEzioni-gebheri, apo Soromoni akagadzirira ngarava. (1 Madz. 9:26) Nokuda kweyakawanda yenhambo yamadzimambo aJudha, urwu rutivi rweArabha rwakanga ruchidzorwa noumambo hweEdhomi.

E. MAKOMO NEMARWENZE KUMABVAZUVA KWAJORIDHANI

28. Nyika yeBhashani neGireadhi dzave dziri dzoukoshii mune zvokurima, uye idzi nharaunda dzakabatanidzwa sei munhau yeBhaibheri?

²⁸ “Mhiri kwaJoridhani kumabvazuva” kunokwira nokukurumidza kubva kuMupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi kuti ruumbe nhevedzano yemarwenze. (Josh. 18:7; 13:9-12; 20:8) Kuchamhembe kune nyika yeBhashani (E-1), iyo, pamwe chete nehafu yeGireadhi, yakapiwa kurudzi rwaManase. (Josh. 13:29-31) Iyi yakanga iri nyika yemombe, nyika yavarimi, rwenze rwakaorera rune avhareji yamamita anenge 600 pamusoro pemwero wegungwa. (Pis. 22:12; Ezek. 39:18; Isa. 2:13; Zek. 11:12) Muzuva raJesu iyi nharaunda yaiendesa kunyika dzokunze zviyo zvakawanda, uye nhasi inoibvisa zvirimwa. Tevere, kumaodzanyemba, kune nyika yeGireadhi (E-2), hafu yezasi yayo yakagoverwa kurudzi rwaGadhi. (Josh. 13:24, 25) Nharaunda ine makomo inosvika kumamita 1 000, yainaiwa nemvura yakanaka muchando uye dova rakawanda muzhizha, yakanga iriwo nyika yezvipfuyo yakanaka uye yakanga yakakurumbira zvikurukuru nokuda kwebharsami yayo. Nhasi yakakurumbira nokuda kwemazambiringa ayo akanakisisa. (Num. 32:1; Gen. 37:25; Jer. 46:11) Kwakanga kuri kunyika yeGireadhi uko Dhavhidhi akatizira achibva kuna Absaromi, uye murutivi rwokumadokero, Jesu akaparidza mu“nyika yeDhekapori.”—2 Sam. 17:26-29; Marko 7:31.

29. Kumabvazuva kwaJoridhani, inyikai dziri kumaodzanyemba, uye dzakanga dzakatanhamara nokuda kwechii?

²⁹ “Nyika yavana vaAmoni” (E-3) iri pedyo kumaodzanyemba kweGireadhi, uye hafu yaiyoyi yakapiwa kurudzi rwaGadhi. (Josh. 13:24, 25; Vat. 11:12-28) Iyo rwenze rune mikwidzwa nemidzikisirwa, rwakakodzera zvakanakisisa kukufura kwemakwai. (Ezek. 25:5) Kurezve kumaodzanyemba kune “nyika yokwaMoabhi.” (Dheut. 1:5) VaMoabhi vamene vaiva vafudzi vakuru vemakwai, uye kusvikira kuzuva rino kupfuya makwai ndiro basa guru renharaunda iyoyo. (2 Madz. 3:4) Ipapo, kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweGungwa Rakafa, tinosvika kurwenze rwegomo reEdhomi (E-4). Matongo enhare dzayo huru dzokutengesa, dzakadai sePetra, achiriko kusvikira kuzuva rino.—Gen. 36:19-21; Obhad. 1-4.

30. Marwenze akaganhurwa nechii kumabvazuva?

³⁰ Kumabvazuva kweaya makomo nemarwenze kune renje guru rine mabwe zvikuru rinovhara nenzira inobudirira kufamba zvakananga pakati peNyika Yakapikirwa neMesopotamia, kuchiparira nzira dzevafambi kutsauka makiromita akawanda nechekuchamhembe. Kumaodzanyemba iri renje rinosangana nemirwi yejecha yerenje guru reArab.

F. MAKOMO EREBHANONI

31. (a) Zvii zvinoumba makomo eRebhanoni? (b) Mativii eRebhanoni achiri sezvaaiva munguva dzeBhaibheri?

³¹ Akatanhamara munzvimbo yeNyika Yakapikirwa makomo eRebhanoni. Kune chaizvoizvo midungwerungwe miviri yakatarisana. Majinga eDungwerungwe reRebhanoni chairoiro anopfuurira kupinda muGarirea Yokumusoro. Munzvimbo dzakawanda aya makomo anosvika kuzasi chaiko kumhenderekedzo yegungwa. Urengarenga hwakareba zvikurusa muiri dungwerungwe mamita anenge 3 000 pamusoro pemwero wegungwa. Urengarenga hwakareba zvikurusa muDungwerungwe reRebhanoni Riri Kurumwe Rutivi riri pedyo iGomo reHermoni rakaisvonaka, rakareba mamita 2 814 pamusoro pemwero wegungwa. Sinou yaro inonyunguduka inogovera manyuko makuru emvura nokuda kweRwizi rwaJoridhani uye manyuko edova mukati menhambo yakaoma yokupera kwechirimo. (Pis. 133:3) Makomo eRebhanoni akanga akatanhamara zvikuru nokuda kwemisidhari yawo mihombe, matanda ayo akatanhamara mukuvakwa kwetembere yaSoromoni. (1 Madz. 5:6-10) Nepo masango maduku emisidhari mashomanene bedzi achiriko nhasi, mawere akaderera zvikuru achingori kutsigira minda yemizambiringa, minda miduku yemiorivhi, uye minda yemiti yemichero, kungofanana nezvaaiita munguva dzeBhaibheri.—Hos. 14:5-7.

32. Mosesi akarondedzera sei nenzira yakarurama Nyika Yechipikirwa?

³² Sezvatinodarozvo kugumisa kushanyira kwedu Nyika yaJehovha Yechipikirwa, kunyange zvazvo yakamanikwa pakati perenje rakashata riri kumabvazuva neGungwa Guru, tinogona kufungidzira mbiri yayo mumazuva aIsraeri. Zvirokwazvo, yakanga iri “nyika yakanaka kwazvo kwazvo . . . , inoyerera mukaka nouchi.” (Num. 14:7, 8; 13:23) Mosesi akanongedzera kwairi muaya mashoko, anoti: “Jehovha Mwari wako unokupinza munyika yakanaka, nyika ine hova dzemvura, namatsime, namadziva akadzika, anobuda pamipata napamakomo; nyika ine zviyo, n[e]bhari, nemizambiringa, nemionde, nemitamba; nyika yemiorivhi ine mafuta, nouchi; nyika kwauchadya chingwa, usingashayiwi, kwausingatongoshayiwi chinhu; nyika ine mabwe emhangura, napamakomo ayo uchachera ndarira. Uchadya ukaguta, ukaonga Jehovha Mwari wako nokuda kwenyika yakanaka yaakakupa.” (Dheut. 8:7-10) Vose avo vanoda Jehovha zvino nenzira yakafanana ngavape kuonga kuti ane chinangwa chokuita kuti pasi rose rive paradhiso ine mbiri, yakafanana neNyika yake yakare Yechipikirwa.—Pis. 104:10-24.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Mepu iri papeji 272]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

NHARAUNDA DZOMUSIKIRWO dzeNYIKA YAKAPIKIRWA

(uye nzvimbo iri pedyo)

MI 0 10 20 30 40 50 60

KM 0 20 40 60 80

(Nokuda kwezvikamu V—V, W—W, X—X, Y—Y, uye Z—Z, ona peji iri pamhiri)

NHUNGAMIRO KUNHAMBA

GUNGWA REMEDITERRANEAN

A Mhenderekedzo yeGungwa Guru

Jopa

B-1 Bani reAsheri

B-2 Mhenderekedzo Yegungwa Nhete Yakareba yeDhori

Dhori

B-3 Mafuro eSharoni

B-4 Bani reFiristia

Ashdhodhi

Ashkeroni

Ekroni

Gati

Gaza

Bheti-sheani

C-1 Makomo eGarirea

Kana

Naini

Nazareta

Tire

C-2 Makomo eKarmeri

C-3 Makomo eSamaria

Bheteri

Jeriko

Samaria

Tirza

Shekemi

C-4 Shefera

Rakishi

C-5 Nyika Yemakomo yeJudha

Bhetrehema

Gebha

Hebroni

Jerusarema

C-6 Renje reJudha (Jeshimoni)

C-7 Negebhi

Bheeri-shebha

Kadheshi-bharnea

Rwizi rweEgipita

C-8 Renje reParani

D-1 Gova reHura

Dhani

Kesaria Firipo

D-2 Nharaunda Yakapoteredza Gungwa reGarirea

Bhetsaidha

Kapernaume

Korazini

Gungwa reGarirea

Tibherio

D-3 Ruwa rwoMupata waJoridhani (Ghor)

Rwizi rwaJoridhani

D-4 Gungwa Romunyu (Rakafa) (Gungwa reArabha)

Gungwa reMunyu

D-5 Arabha (nechokumaodzanyemba kubva kuGungwa Romunyu)

Ezioni-gebheri

Gungwa Dzvuku

E-1 Nyika yeBhashani

Dhamasko

Edhrei

E-2 Nyika yeGireadhi

Rabha

Ramoti-gireadhi

Rwizi Rwomumupata rwaJabhoki

E-3 Nyika yaAmoni neyaMoabhi

Heshbhoni

Kiri-hareseti

Medhebha

Rwizi Rwomumupata rwaArnoni

Rwizi Rwomumupata rwaZeredhi

E-4 Rwenze Rwegomo rweEdhomi

Petra

F Makomo eRebhanoni

Sidhoni

Makomo eRebhanoni

Gomo reHermoni

[Mepu dziri papeji 273]

(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)

ZVIKAMU ZVINORATIDZA ZVAKAITA NYIKA YAKAPIKIRWA

(Nokuda kwenzvimbo, ona mepu iri papeji iri pamhiri)

Kukwirira kunenge kunopeta kuyera kwomutsetse neka10

Chikamu chokuMadokero Kwakadziva kuMabvazuva Mhiri kwaEfraimi (V—V)

Gungwa reMediterranean

B-3 Mafuro eSharoni

C-3 Makomo eSamaria

D-3 Arabha Kana Kuti Mupata waJoridhani (Ghor)

Qattara

Zor

E-2 Nyika yeGireadhi

MI 0 5 10

KM 0 8 16

Nhamba dziri kuruboshwe MAMITA Nhamba dziri kurudyi MAFITI

+900 +3 000

+600 +2 000

+300 +1 000

0 (Mwero weGungwa) 0

−300 −1 000

−600 −2 000

Chikamu chokuMadokero Kwakadziva kuMabvazuva Mhiri kweJudha (W—W)

Gungwa reMediterranean

B-4 Mirwi Yejecha

Bani reFiristia

C-4 Shefera

C-5 Nyika Yamakomo yeJudha

Jerusarema

C-6 Renje reJudha

D-4 Mupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi

E-3 Nyika yaAmoni neyaMoabhi

MI 0 5 10

KM 0 8 16

Nhamba dziri kuruboshwe MAMITA Nhamba dziri kurudyi MAFITI

+900 +3 000

+600 +2 000

+300 +1 000

0 (Mwero weGungwa) 0

−300 −1 000

−600 −2 000

Chikamu chokuMadokero Kwakadziva kuMabvazuva Mhiri kweJudha (X—X)

Gungwa reMediterranean

B-4 Mirwi Yejecha

Bani reFiristia

C-4 Shefera

C-5 Nyika Yamakomo yeJudha

C-6 Renje reJudha

D-4 Mupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi

Gungwa reMunyu

E-3 Nyika yaAmoni neyaMoabhi

MI 0 5 10

KM 0 8 16

Nhamba dziri kuruboshwe MAMITA Nhamba dziri kurudyi MAFITI

+900 +3 000

+600 +2 000

+300 +1 000

0 (Mwero weGungwa) 0

−300 −1 000

−600 −2 000

−900 −3 000

Chikamu chokuMaodzanyemba Kwakadziva kuMadokero Mumakomo Ari kuMadokero kwaJoridhani (Y—Y)

C-7 Negebhi

C-5 Nyika Yamakomo yeJudha

C-3 Makomo eSamaria

B-5 Bani reJezreeri

C-1 Makomo eGarirea

F

MI 0 5 10 20

KM 0 8 16 32

Nhamba dziri kuruboshwe MAMITA Nhamba dziri kurudyi MAFITI

+900 +3 000

+600 +2 000

+300 +1 000

0 (Mwero weGungwa) 0

Chikamu chokuMaodzanyemba Kwakadziva kuChamhembe Chiri muArabha Kana Kuti Mupata Wakaparirwa Nokutsemuka Kwapasi (Z—Z)

D-5

D-4 Gungwa reMunyu

D-3 Arabha Kana Kuti Mupata waJoridhani (Ghor)

D-2 Gungwa reGarirea

D-1 Gova reHura

F

MI 0 5 10 20

KM 0 8 16 32

Nhamba dziri kuruboshwe MAMITA Nhamba dziri kurudyi MAFITI

+900 +3 000

+600 +2 000

+300 +1 000

0 (Mwero weGungwa) 0

−300 −1 000

−600 −2 000

−900 −3 000