Ihwo Idzidziso Yakajeka yeBhaibheri Here?
KUDAI Utatu hwaiva hwechokwadi, hwaizova hunoratidzwa nomutoo wakajeka uye nomutoo unobvumirana muBhaibheri. Neiko? Nokuti, sokusimbisa kwakaita vaapostora, Bhaibheri nderokuzvizivisa amene kwaMwari kuvanhu. Uye sezvatinoda kuziva Mwari kuti timunamate nomutoo unogamuchirika, Bhaibheri rinofanira kuva rakajeka mukutizivisa uyo iye ari chaizvoizvo.
Vadaviri vomuzana rokutanga ramakore vaigamuchira Magwaro sewadzanyuro yechokwadi yaMwari. Akanga ari hwaro hwezvitendero zvavo, chiremera chokupedzisira. Somuenzaniso, apo muapostora Pauro akaparidzira vanhu muguta reBherea, “ivo vakagamuchira shoko nokudisa kukurusa kwendangariro, vachisanonzvera Magwaro zuva nezuva kana zvinhu izvozvi zvakanga zvirizvo.”—Mabasa 17:10, 11.
Vanhu vakatanhamara vaMwari panguva iyeyo vaishandisei sechiremera chavo? Mabasa 17:2, 3 inotiudza, kuti: “Mukuwirirana nomuitiro waPauro . . . iye akarangarira nhau muMagwaro, achitsanangura nokubvumikisa kupfurikidza nenongedzero [muMagwaro].”
Jesu iye amene akagadza muenzaniso mukushandisa Magwaro sohwaro hwokudzidzisa kwake, achidzokorora adzokororazve achiti: “Kwakanyorwa.” “Akadudzira kwavari zvinhu zvine chokuita naiye amene muMagwaro ose.”—Mateo 4:4, 7; Ruka 24:27.
Nokudaro Jesu, Pauro, navadaviri vomuzana rokutanga ramakore vakashandisa Magwaro sohwaro nokuda kwedzidziso yavo. Vaiziva kuti “Rugwaro rwose rwakafuridzirwa naMwari uye runobetsera nokuda kwokudzidzisa, nokuda kwokutsiura, nokuda kwokururamisa zvinhu, nokuda kwokuranga mukururama, kuti munhu waMwari agova anokwanisa zvizere, akashongedzerwa zvakakwana nokuda kwebasa riri rose rakanaka.”—2 Timotio 3:16, 17; onawo 1 VaKorinte 4:6; 1 VaTesaronika 2:13; 2 Petro 1:20, 21.
Bhaibheri zvarinogona ‘kururamisa zvinhu,’ rinofanira kusanowadzanyura mashoko pamusoro pechinhu chehwaro sezvo Utatu huchitaurwa kuva hwakadaro. Asika vezvoruzivo rwoumwari navezvenhau ivo vamene vanotaura kuti ihwo idzidziso yakajeka yeBhaibheri here?
“Utatu” Huri muBhaibheri Here?
CHINYORWA chechiPurotesitendi chinoti: “Shoko rokuti Utatu hariwanwi muBhaibheri . . . Harina kuwana nzvimbo mumuitiro woruzivo rwoumwari rwechechi kutozosvikira muzana ramakore rechi 4.” (The Illustrated Bible Dictionary) Uye chiremera chechiKaturike chinoti Utatu, “hahuzati huri . . . nomutoo wakananga kana kuti pakarepo [iro] shoko raMwari.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia.
The Catholic Encyclopedia rinotsinhirawo, kuti: “MuMagwaro sezvingabvira muchigere kuva neshoko rimwe iro Vanhu Vatatu Voumwari vanogona kunongedzerwa naro vari pamwe chete. Shoko rokuti τρίας [triʹas] (iro shoko rokuti trinitas rechiLatin riri shanduro yaro) rinotanga kuwanwa muna Theophilus weAntiokia munenge muna A. D. 180. . . . Nokukurumidza pashure pacho rinowanikwa muchimiro charo chechiLatin chetrinitas muna Tertullian.”
Zvisinei, ikoko hakuzati kuri chibvumikiso makuri kumene chokuti Tertullian akadzidzisa Utatu. Bhuku rechiKaturike rinonzi Trinitas—A Theological Encyclopedia of the Holy Trinity, somuenzaniso, rinoti mamwe amashoko aTertullian gare gare akashandiswa navamwe kurondedzera Utatu. Ipapo rinonyevera, kuti: “Asi mhedziso dzechimbichimbi hadzigoni kuwanwa mushandiswo, nokuti iye haazati achishandisa mashokowo kuruzivo rwoumwari rwoUtatu.”
Chipupuriro chaMagwaro echiHebheru
KUNYANGE shoko rokuti “Utatu” risingawanwi muBhaibheri, mufungo woUtatu unodzidziswa zvakajeka mariri here? Somuenzaniso, Magwaro echiHebheru (“Testamende Yekare”) anozivisei?
The Encyclopedia of Religion inobvuma, kuti: “Vezvoruzivo rwoumwari nhasi vanobvumirana kuti Bhaibheri rechiHebheru harina dzidziso yoUtatu.” Uye New Catholic Encyclopedia inotiwo: “Dzidziso yoUtatu Hutsvene haizati ichidzidziswa muT[estamende] Y[ekare].”
Nomutoo wakafanana, mubhuku rake rinonzi The Triune God, Jesuit Edmund Fortman anobvuma, kuti: “Testamende Yekare . . . haizati ichitiudza chinhu nomutoo wakajeka kana kuti kupfurikidza nerevo iri madikanwa yaMwari woUtatu uyo ari Baba, Mwanakomana noMudzimu Mutsvene. . . . Hapana hufakazi hwokuti munyori upi noupi mutsvene akambodavira kuvapo kwo [Utatu] muHutatu. . . . Kunyange kuona mu[“Testamende Yekare”] zvikarakadzo kana kuti zvinodeya kufananidzira kana kuti ‘zviratidzo zvakafuridzirwa’ zvoutatu hwavanhu, kusanzwisisa mashoko nedonzo zvavanyori vatsvene.”—Kutsveyamiswa kwamashoko ndokwedu.
Kunzverwa kwaMagwaro echiHebheru iwo amene kuchabudisa idzi tsinhiro. Nokudaro, hamuna dzidziso yakajeka yoUtatu mumabhuku okutanga 39 eBhaibheri anoumba bhuku raMagwaro echiHebheru akafuridzirwa.
Chipupuriro chaMagwaro echiGiriki
HEKANI waro, ipapoka, Magwaro echiKristu echiGiriki (“Testamende Itsva”) anotaura zvakajeka nezvoUtatu here?
The Encyclopedia of Religion inoti: “Vezvoutatu vanobvuma kuti Testamende Itsva haizati ine dzidziso yakajeka yoUtatu.”
Jesuit Fortman anoti: “Vanyori veTestamende Itsva . . . havatipi dzidziso yomuiti kana kuti yakaitwa yoUtatu, hapana dzidziso yakajeka yokuti muna Mwari mumwe muna vanhu vatatu voumwari vakaenzana. . . . Hapana patinowana dzidziso youtatu yavanhu vatatu vakatsaukana voupenyu hwoumwari nomubato muHumwari humwe chetehwo.”
The New Encyclopædia Britannica rinoti: “Hapana shoko rokuti Utatu kana kuti dzidziso yakajeka inooneka muTestamende Itsva.”
Bernhard Lohse anoti muA Short History of Christian Doctrine: “Kana toreva nezveTestamende Itsva, munhu haazati achiwana mairi dzidziso chaiyoiyo yoUtatu.”
The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology nomutoo mumwe chete inoti: “T[estamende] I[tsva] haizati ine dzidziso yakakudziridzwa yoUtatu. ‘Bhaibheri harina ziviso yakajeka yokuti Baba, Mwanakomana, noMudzimu Mutsvene vanhu vakaenzana’ [akadaro wezvoruzivo rwoumwari wechiPurotesitendi Karl Barth].”
Purofesa wapaYale University E. Washburn Hopkins anosimbisa, kuti: “Dzidziso youtatu sezvinooneka yakanga isingazivikanwi kuna Jesu nokuna Pauro; . . . havana chavanotaura pamusoro payo.”—Origin and Evolution of Religion.
Arthur Weigall wezvenhau anoti: “Jesu Kristu haana kutongodudza chinoitika chakadaro, uye muTestamende Itsva hamuna apo shoko rokuti ‘Utatu’ rinooneka. Pfungwayo yakagamuchirwa neChechi makore ana mazana matatu bedzi pashure porufu rwaShe wedu.”—The Paganism in Our Christianity.
Nokudaro, mabhuku 39 aMagwaro echiHebheru kana kuti mupumburu wamabhuku akafuridzirwa ane 27 aMagwaro echiKristu echiGiriki haagoveri dzidziso ipi neipi yakajeka yoUtatu.
Hwakadzidziswa namaKristu Apakuvamba Here?
KO MAKRISTU apakuvamba akadzidzisa Utatu here? Cherekedza tsinhiro dzinotevera dzakaitwa navezvenhau navezvoruzivo rwoumwari:
“ChiKristu chapakuvamba hachina kuva nedzidziso yakajeka yoUtatu yakadai seyakatevera kurondedzerwa muzvitendero.”—The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology.
“Zvisinei, maKristu apakuvamba pakutanga haana kufunga nezvokushandisa pfungwa yo[Utatu] kukutenda kwawo amene. Aiita kuzvipira kwavo kuna Mwari Baba nokuna Jesu Kristu, Mwanakomana waMwari, uye aiziva . . . Mudzimu Mutsvene; asi pakanga pasina mufungo waava vatatu vari Utatu chaihwoihwo, vakaenzana uye vakabatana muno Mumwe.”—The Paganism in Our Christianity.
“Pakutanga kutenda kwechiKristu kwakanga kusati kuri kwoUtatu . . . Kwakanga kusina kudaro mumazera avaapostora navaapostora vaduku sezvinoratidzirwa muT[estamende] I[tsva] namamwe manyoro apakuvamba echiKristu.”—Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics.
“Kuitwa kwa‘Mwari mumwe muVanhu vatatu’ kwakanga kusina kusimbiswa zvakasimba, zvamazvirokwazvo kusina kupinzwa zvizere muupenyu hwechiKristu nomukambiro yacho yokutenda, pamberi pomugumo wezana ramakore rechi 4. . . . Pakati paMadzibaba aVaapostora, pave pasina kunyange chinhu chinosvika nomutoo usina mufungo murangariro wakadaro kana kuti ndangariro.”—New Catholic Encyclopedia.
Icho Madzibaba eAnte-Nicene Akadzidzisa
MADZIBABA eAnte-Nicene aibvuma kuva vadzidzisi vakuru vakuru vorudzidziso mumazana apakuvamba amakore pashure pokuberekwa kwaKristu. Chavakadzidzisa ndechefariro.
Justin Martyr, uyo akafa munenge muna 165 N.V., akaidza Jesu wapamberi pokuvapo kwomunhu kuti ngirozi yakasikwa iyo iri “mumwe kunze kwaMwari uyo akaita zvinhu zvose.” Iye akati Jesu akanga akaderera kuna Mwari uye haana ‘kutongoita chinhu kunze kweicho Musiki . . . akamuita donzo kuti aite nokutaura.”
Irenaeus, uyo akafa munenge muna 200 N.V., akati Jesu wapamberi pokuva munhu akanga achirarama akaparadzana naMwari uye akanga akaderera kwaari. Akaratidzira kuti Jesu haana kuenzana na“Mwari Mumwe bedzi uye wechokwadi,” uyo ari “mukuru pana vose, uye kunze kwake hakuno mumwe.”
Clement weAlexandria, uyo akafa munenge muna 215 N.V., akaidza Jesu mukurarama kwake kwapamberi pokuva munhu se“chisikwa” asi akaidza Mwari kuti “asina kusikwa uye asingaparari wechokwadi uye Mwari bedzi.” Iye akati Mwanakomana “ari pedyo naBaba bedzi wamasimba ose” asi asina kuenzana naye.
Tertullian, uyo akafa munenge muna 230 N.V., akadzidzisa ukuru hwaMwari. Iye akati: “Baba vakasiana noMwanakomana (mumwe), sezvo ivo vari vakuru zvikuru; sezvo iye anobereka ari akasiana nouyu anoberekwa; iye anotuma, akasiana nouyo anotumwa.” Iye akatiwo: “Kwakanga kune nguva apo Mwanakomana akanga asipo. . . . Pamberi pezvinhu zvose, Mwari akanga ari oga bedzi.”
Hippolytus, uyo akafa munenge muna 235 N.V., akataura kuti Mwari ndi“Mwari mumwe, wokutanga uye Mumwe bedzi, Muiti naShe wavose,” uyo “akanga asina akaenzana [wezera rakaenzana] naye . . . Asi akanga ari Mumwe, ari oga bedzi pachake; uyo, achikuita donzo, akaita kuti icho chakanga chisipo kare chivepo,” zvakadai saJesu akasikwa wapamberi pokuva munhu.
Origen, uyo akafa munenge muna 250 N.V., akataura kuti “Baba noMwanakomana zvimiro zviviri . . . zvinhu zviviri pamusoro pechimiro chavo,” uye kuti “achienzanisirwa naBaba, [iye Mwanakomana] muduku zvikuru.”
Achipeta hufakazi hwenhau, Alvan Lamson anoti muThe Church of the First Three Centuries: “Dzidziso yazvino uno yakakurumbira yoUtatu . . . haiwani tsigiro mumutauro waJustin Martyr: uye iyi cherekedzo ingatambanudzirwa kuna Madzibaba ose eante-Nicene; ndiko kuti, kuvanyori vose vechiKristu kwamazana amakore matatu pashure pokuberekwa kwaKristu. Ichokwadi, ivo vanotaura nezvaBaba, Mwanakomana, uye . . . Mudzimu mutsvene, asi sevasina kuenzana, kwete sechimiro chimwe muchiverengero, kwete saVatatu muno Mumwe, mupfungwa ipi neipi inobvumwa zvino navezvoUtatu. Musiano umene ndiro idi.”
Nokudaro, chipupuriro cheBhaibheri nechenhau chinojekesa kuti Utatu hwakanga husingazivikanwi munguva dzose dzeBhaibheri uye kwamazana amakore anoverengeka pashure pacho.
[Mashoko okukwezva vaverengi ari papeji 7]
“Hapana hufakazi hwokuti munyori upi noupi mutsvene akambodavira kuvapo kwo[Utatu] muHumwari.”—The Triune God