Tava Kupererwa Nemvura Here?
Chirevo chevaUzbek chinoti, “kana ukapererwa nemvura, upenyu hwako hunenge hwava kuda kuperawo.” Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoti mashoko iwayo anoita seouprofita kupfuura kungova chirevowo zvacho. Gore negore vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni maviri vanofa pamusana petsvina inongoraswa pose pose uye pamusana pokushandisa mvura isina kuchena, uye 90 muzana pavanhu vanofa vana.
UNOWANA sei mvura? Unoiwana papombi here? Kana kuti sezvakajairika mune dzimwe nzvimbo, unofanira kufamba daro refu here, kumira mumutsetse, uye kuzotakura mugomo wako unorema uchidzokera kumba wava nemvura iyi inokosha? Zvinokutorera maawa akawanda here zuva roga roga kuti ungowana mvura yokuwachisa neyokubikisa? Munyika dzakawanda mune mvura shoma uye zvakaoma kuiwana! Mubhuku rake rinonzi, Water Wars—Drought, Flood, Folly, and the Politics of Thirst, Diane Raines Ward anoti 40 muzana yevanhu vari munyika yose “vanowana mvura yavo mumatsime, munzizi, mumadziva, kana kuti mumakomba ari pedyo nemisha yavo.” Mune dzimwe nyika, vakadzi vangatopedza maawa matanhatu vachitsvaga mvura yemhuri dzavo, vachiitakura mumigomo ingarema makirogiramu anopfuura 20.
Chokwadi ndechokuti munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vatatu voga voga vari munyika ane dambudziko guru rokuwana mvura yakachena uye rokusava nepokurasira tsvina pakanaka. Dambudziko racho rakanyanya kukura muAfrica, vanhu 6 pa10 havana chimbudzi chakanaka—World Health Organization yakati ndiro dambudziko rinoita kuti “mabhakitiriya, mavhairasi neutachiona zvinowanika mutsvina yevanhu zvipararire izvo . . . zvinosvibisa mvura, ivhu nezvokudya.” Mashoko acho anoti, kusvibiswa kwemvura uku, “ndiko kunonyanya kukonzera manyoka, chirwere chikuru chiri pechipiri pakuuraya vana munyika dziri kusimukira, uye kuri kuzokonzera zvirwere zvikuru zvakadai sekorera, bharaziya, uye chirwere chemaziso chinonzi trachoma.”
Mvura yave ichinzi igoridhe chairo, inenge oiri muzana rino remakore rechi21. Kunyange zvakadaro, vanhu vari kutambisa mvura zvokuti nzizi dzavo huru hadzichakwanisi kudira mvura mugungwa. Mvura yomunzizi huru zvayava kunyanya kushandiswa pakudiridza uye zvayava kuchinja zvikuru kuva mhute, nzizi huru dzava kupwa, kusanganisira Rwizi Colorado rwuri kumadokero kweUnited States, rwizi Yangtze rwuri kuChina, Indus kuPakistan, Ganges kuIndia, uye rwizi rweNile kuEgypt. Chii chakaitwa kuderedza dambudziko iri? Chii chichanyatsogadzirisa dambudziko iri?
[Bhokisi/Mufananidzo uri papeji 11]
MVURA YAVA KUPERA
◼ “Muna 1960 gungwa reAral riri kuCentral Asia ndiro raive rechina pamakungwa makuru ari munyika yose. Pakazosvika 2007 rakanga rava duku ne90 muzana pane zvaraimbove rakaita.”—Scientific American.
◼ Madhamu Makuru okuUnited States neokuCanada anonzi Erie, Huron, Michigan, Ontario, neSuperior—ari kuva maduku “pamwero unoshamisa zvikuru.”—The Globe and Mail.
◼ Pane imwe nguva, chigayo chemupunga chinonzi Australia’s Deniliquin chakagaya mupunga waikwanisa kudyiwa nemamiriyoni 20 evanhu. Zvisinei, mupunga wava mushoma ne98 kubva muzana, uye chigayo chacho chakamira kushanda muna December 2007. Zvakakonzerwa nei? “Makore matanhatu akareba okusanaya kwemvura.”—The New York Times.
[Mufananidzo]
Chikepe chakasiyiwa pamusoro pejecha paAral Sea
[Kwazvakatorwa]
© Marcus Rose/Insight/Panos Pictures
[Bhokisi/Mepu iri papeji 12]
“NZIZI NEHOVA ZVIRI KUPWA”
“Lake Chad yokuAfrica, yaimbova chinhu chaikurumidza kuoneka nevanofamba nezvitundumuseremusere mudenga pavaitenderera pasi, iye zvino haichaoneki nyore nyore. Zvayakapoteredzwa ne[Cameroon,] Chad, Niger, neNigeria . . . , Lake Chad yava duku ne95 kubva muzana kubvira kuma1960. Kunyanya kushandiswa kwemvura pakudiridza munzvimbo iyi kuri kupedza mvura dzomunzizi nehova dzeko dziri idzo dzinobatsira kuti ivepo. Saka Lake Chad ingaguma yatsakatika zvachose munguva pfupi iri kutevera, inenge yangova ngano kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.”—Plan B 2.0—Rescuing a Planet Under Stress and a Civilization in Trouble, rakanyorwa naLester R. Brown.
[Mepu]
(Kana uchida mashoko azere, ona bhuku racho)
■ Mvura
☒ Miti
□ Nyika
1963
NIGER
CHAD
Lake Chad
NIGERIA
CAMEROON
2007
NIGER
CHAD
Lake Chad
NIGERIA
CAMEROON
[Kwazvakatorwa]
NASA/U.S. Geological Survey