Nei Kuine Varombo Vakawanda Munyika Ine Pfuma?

“VAROMBO munogara muinavo,” akadaro Jesu Kristu muzana remakore rokutanga C.E. (Mateu 26:11) Kubva munguva yaJesu kusvika mazuva ano, kwave kuine varombo vakawanda. Asi nei kuine varombo vakawanda munyika yakapfuma kudai?

Vamwe vanofunga kuti vanhu vanova varombo pamusana pokusaronga zvakanaka. Izvozvo zvingava zvechokwadi mune zvimwe zviitiko. Vaya vanosarudza kuzvigutsa nedoro, nezvimwe zvinodhaka, uye kubheja vangarasikirwa nyore nyore nezvinhu zvavo. Asi havasi vanhu vose vanova varombo nemhaka yokusaronga zvakanaka.

Vakawanda vakapererwa nemabasa pamusana pokuchinja kwezvinhu mumaindasitiri. Vashandi vakawanda vakaona mari yavo ichipera pamusana pokukwira kwemari dzokurapa. Uye pavarombo vakawanda vari munyika dziri kusimukira, vakawanda vacho havasi varombo nokuda. Kazhinji kacho varombo havagoni kudzora zvinokonzera urombo, sezvinoratidzwa nezvinotevera.

Zvatinodzidza Kune Zvakaitika Kare

Mukutanga kwema1930, nyika yakanga yapinda mumatambudziko makuru emari zvokuti akasvika pakunzi Kuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi. Mune imwe nyika mamiriyoni evanhu akapererwa nemabasa uye misha yemhuri zhinji yakaparara. Asi kunyange zvazvo vakawanda vaiziya nenzara, vanasapurazi vairasa mukaka wakawanda uye vakuru vakuru vehurumende vaimanikidza vanasapurazi kuuraya mamiriyoni ezvipfuwo zvepapurazi.

Nei vaipambadza zvakadaro? Vaitarisira zvoupfumi vaida kuti zvirimwa nezvimwe zvinobva papurazi zvitengeswe kuitira kuti pawanike purofiti. Zvinhu zvakadai somukaka, nyama, nechibage zvaidiwa chaizvo nevarombo. Asi zvokudya izvi pazvaitengeswa zvisingapi purofiti, zvainzi hazvichakoshi zvobva zvaraswa.

Mumaguta akawanda vanhu vakatanga kurwira zvokudya. Vamwe zvavakanga vasingachakwanisi kutengera mhuri dzavo zvokudya, vaibvutira vaiva nazvo vakabata pfuti. Vamwe vaiziya nenzara. Zvinhu izvi zvakaitika kuUnited States. Kuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi pakwakatanga, mabhengi makuru enyika yacho akatadza kuwanira mari vaya vaitambira mari shoma. Pane kuti itange kupa vagari vemo zvinhu zvinokosha zvakadai sezvokudya, pokugara nebasa, vaitarisira zvoupfumi vaiti zvinhu izvozvo zvakanga zvisingaunzi mari.

Zvazviri Nhasi

Kuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi pakwakapera upfumi hwenyika yose hwakaita zviri nani, uye zvinoita sokuti vanhu vazhinji vapfuma uye vachengeteka zvikuru. Zvisinei, paupfumi hwakawanda huripo, varombo vanongofa vari varombo. Mishumo yenzara nourombo munyika dzichiri kusimukira yangova rwiyo zvokuti vakawanda vaneta kuverenga nezvayo. Zvisinei, vapoteri pavanofa nenzara pamusana pehondo, zvokudya pazvinenge zvichiora mumatura zvichikonzerwa nevezvematongerwo enyika, uye kushomeka kwezvinhu zvinodiwa muupenyu pakunoita kuti varombo vatadze kuzvitenga, izvi zviri kuratidza kuti hurumende dzatadza kutarisira varombo. Mamiriro ezvoupfumi enyika yose haasi kubatsira mamiriyoni evarombo.

Chokwadi, hakuna vanotarisira zvoupfumi vanganyatsogutsa zvose zvinodiwa nevanhu. Makore 3 000 apfuura, mumwe munhu ainyatsoongorora zvoupenyu akagumisa achiti: “Ini ndakafungazve kuti ndione mabasa ose okudzvinyirira anoitwa pasi pezuva, uye kwaiva nemisodzi yevaya vaidzvinyirirwa, asi vakanga vasina munyaradzi; uye vadzvinyiriri vavo vaiva nesimba, zvokuti ivo vakanga vasina munyaradzi.” (Muparidzi 4:1) Mazuva ano nyika payava noupfumi hwakawanda zvikuru, kudzvinyirira kuchiri kungowedzera.

Iye zvino mamiriyoni ane mukana muduku wokuti asaramba achingodya nhoko dzezvironda. Asi vanhu vakawanda vakadzidza kurarama zvinobudirira nezvinetso zvavo zvemari. Vanotarisirawo kuzorarama upenyu hwakanaka mune ramangwana.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 13]

Kuparapatikira Chouviri

Mubhuku rake rinonzi Varombo Vanoshanda—Vari Kutadza Kuoneka muAmerica [The Working Poor—Invisible in America], mumwe munyori uye mupepeti wenhau anonzi David K. Shipler anotiudza mararamiro ari kuita vamwe muUnited States vari kurarama pedyo nokuva varombo, anoti: “Imba isina kutsarukana ingaita kuti asima yomwana ikwire, zvichiita kuti amburenzi ishevedzwe, izvi zvichaita kuti pave nechikwereti chokumurapisa chinganetsa kubhadhara, zvobva zvakanganisa zita rakanaka pakubhadhara zvikwereti. Mari yomubereko wechikwereti chemotokari inobva yakwira, zvinozoita kuti patengwe motokari inenge iri mugweje, zvoita kuti amai vacho vanonoke kubasa, voshaya mikana yokukwidziridzwa pabasa voramba vachitambira mari shoma, zvongoita kuti varambe vari muimba iya isina kutsarukana.” Amai ava nomwana wavo vanorarama vachingotyira kuva varombo kunyange zvazvo vachigara munyika yakapfuma zvikuru.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 14]

Vavariro Dzakanaka Dzakakwana Here?

Muna November 1993, mune chimwe chivako chehurumende muguta reWashington, D.C., rimwe boka revakuru vakuru vehurumende rakanga riri kuedza kugadzirisa dambudziko rakakomba. Zvavakanga vaine mazakwatira emari, vakuru vakuru vacho vaida kubatsira vanhu vasina pokugara muUnited States. Vari mubishi rokutaura nezvenyaya yacho, mapurisa, vanodzima moto, nevamwe vashandi vomuzvipatara vanobatsira patsaona vakanga vakaungana pane chimwe chiteshi chebhazi chaiva mhiri kwomugwagwa. Vashandi veamburenzi vakanga vachitora mutumbi womumwe mukadzi akanga asina pokugara. Akanga afira pamberi pechivako cheDhipatimendi Rinoona Nezvedzimba uye Kubudirira Kwemaguta muUnited States [U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)], sangano rehurumende rinofanira kubatsira vanhu vasina pokugara.

Mumwe mutori wenhau weThe New York Times akazobvunzurudza mumwe mushandi wokuHUD, uyo akataura nezvokuwanda kwevashandi vaivepo vanobatsira panenge paitika tsaona uye motokari dzaivepo panzvimbo iyi, achiti: “Zvinoshamisa kuona kuti kana munhu afa anobatsirwa chaizvo kupfuura paanenge achiri mupenyu.”

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 12, 13]

Amai vakatamira kune imwe nyika nevana vavo vatatu munguva yoKuderera Kukuru Kwoupfumi muma1930

[Kwazvakatorwa]

Dorothea Lange, FSA Collection, Library of Congress

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 14]

Mumafekitari anoshandwa zvokufondoka seiyi, avhareji yemari inotambirwa nomushandi iUS$14 pamwedzi uye vashandi vangamanikidzwa kushanda maawa 70 pavhiki

[Kwazvakatorwa]

© Fernando Moleres/Panos Pictures