Kutenda Mashura—Kwakapararira Sei Nhasi?
ZVINOITIKA kwese kwese—kubasa, kuchikoro, muzvokufambisa zvavose, uye mumugwagwa. Unohotsira, uye vanhu vausati wambosangana navo, vanongodarika havo nenzira, vanoti: “Mwari ngaakukomborere” kana kungoti: “Zvako wakakomborerwa.” Kune mashoko akafanana mumitauro yakawanda. MuchiGerman mhinduro yacho ndeyekuti “Gesundheit.” MaArabhu anoti “Yarhamak Allah,” uye vamwe vanogara muzvitsuwa zviri muSouth Pacific vanoti “Tihei mauri ora.”
Uchifunga kuti inongova tsika hayo yakanaka inoitwa nevakawanda vari munzanga, ungave usina kumbonyanya kufunga kuti nei vanhu vachitaura zvakadaro. Asi, mashoko acho akatanga nokutenda mashura. Moira Smith, anoshanda muraibhurari paFolklore Institute paIndiana University muBloomington, Indiana, U.S.A., anoti nezvemashoko aya: “Anobva papfungwa yokuti uri kuhotsira mweya wako.” Kutaura kuti “Mwari ngaakomborere” chaizvoizvo kukumbira Mwari kuti audzorere.
Chokwadika, zvimwe vanhu vazhinji vangabvumirana nokuti hazvina musoro kudavira kuti mweya unobuda mumunhu paanohotsira. Naizvozvo, hazvishamisi kuti Webster’s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary rinotsanangura kutenda mashura se“chitendero kana kuti kuita chimwe chinhu nekusaziva, kutya zvisingazivikanwi, kuvimba nemashiripiti kana kuti tsaona, kana kuti pfungwa yenhema yezvinokonzera zvinhu.”
Hazvishamisi kuti mumwe chiremba wemuzana remakore rechi17 akadana kutenda mashura kwemunguva yake se“zvikanganiso zvevakawanda” vasina kudzidza. Saka, vanhu zvavakapinda muzana remakore rechi20 nekubudirira kwaro kwesayenzi, The Encyclopædia Britannica ya1910 nechivimbo yakafanoona nguva apo “vanhu [vaizo]sunungurwa kubva pamuitiro wekupedzisira wekutenda mashura.”
Kwagara Kwakangopararira
Chivimbo ichocho chamakore makumi masere apfuura chakanga chisina pachakavakirwa, nokuti zvinoratidzika kuti kutenda mashura kwagara kwakasimba zvikuru. Kutenda mashura kunogara kwenguva refu. Mashoko okuti “kutenda mashura” anoshandurwa mushoko rechiLatin rokuti super, rinoreva kuti “pamusoro,” uye stare, rinoreva kuti “kumira.” Chaizvoizvo varwi vaipukunyuka muhondo vainzi superstites, sezvo vairarama kukunda vamwe varwi pamwe navo muhondo, chaizvoizvo “vachimira” pamusoro pavo. Richitsinhira nezvekwakabva mashoko aya, bhuku rinonzi Superstitions rinoti: “Kutenda mashura kuchiripo nhasi kunopfuura mazera akaedza kukubvisa.” Chimbofunga nezvemienzaniso mishomanene zvayo yekutenda mashura kwakaramba kuripo.
◻ Apo gavhuna werimwe guta guru muAsia akangoerekana afa, vashandi vakanga vapera simba paimba yake yebasa vakanyevera gavhuna mutsva kuti aende kusvikiro, rakamuudza zvinhu zvakati kuti zvaaifanira kuchinja mukati meimba iyi nokunze. Vashandi vakafunga kuti kuchinja zvinhu kwaizobvisa munyama.
◻ Rimwe dombo rinokosha ishamwari yenguva dzose yemukuru mukuru wekambani huru zvikuru muUnited States. Kubva pasho-o yake yakabudirira yebhizimisi, anoramba kubva pamba asina dombo iri.
◻ Vasati vapedza chibvumirano chikuru chokutengeserana zvinhu, vakuru vakuru vezvemabhizimisi vokuAsia kakawanda vanotsvaka mazano kumufemberi.
◻ Mumhanyi, kunyange zvazvo achirovedza kumhanya zvikuru, anoti chinoita kuti akunde chipfeko. Saka anopfuurira kuchipfeka—chisina kuwachwa—mumakwikwi anozotevera.
◻ Mudzidzi anoshandisa chimwe chinyoreso pakunyora bvunzo uye anobudirira. Anobva aona chinyoreso ichi sechine “rombo rakanaka.”
◻ Pazuva romuchato wake, mwenga anonyatsorongedza zvipfeko zvake zvomuchato kuti zvibatanidze “chimwe chitsaru, chimwe chitsva, chimwe chakakweretwa, uye chimwe chebhuru-u.”
◻ Munhu anongovhura Bhaibheri orava mashoko aanotanga kuona, achidavira kuti mashoko iwayo achamutungamirira pane zvaanoda panguva iyoyo.
◻ Sezvo ndege inomhanya munzira ichigadzirira kusimuka, vari mundege vanoverengeka vanoita chiratidzo chemuchinjikwa. Mumwe anobata mumaoko chiumbwa cha“Saint” Christopher pakufamba rwendo nendege.
Zvakakajeka kuti, nanhasi kutenda mashura kwakapararira. Chaizvoizvo Stuart A. Vyse, mumwe wevanapurofesa vendangariro paConnecticut College, mubhuku rake rinonzi Believing in Magic—The Psychology of Superstition anoti: “Kunyange tichirarama munzanga yakabudirira muruzivo rwekugadzira zvinhu, kutenda mashura kwagara kwakapararira.”
Kutenda mashura kwakadzika midzi zvikuru nhasi zvokuti kuedza kukubvisa kwakakundikana. Nei izvi zvakadaro?