Chii Chinoparira Funganyo Yemashoko?

“FUNGANYO YEMASHOKO inoparirwa nomukaha unogara uchingokura pakati pezvatinonzwisisa nezvatinofunga kuti tinofanira kunzwisisa. Mukaha uri pakati pemashoko nezivo, uye unoitika apo mashoko asingatiudzi zvatinoda kana kuti zvatinofanira kuziva.” Akanyora kudaro Richard S. Wurman mubhuku rake rinonzi Information Anxiety. “Kwenguva yakareba, vanhu havana kuziva kuti vakanga vasingazivi zvakawanda sei—vakanga vasingazivi zvavakanga vasingazivi. Asi zvino vanhu vave kuziva zvavasingazivi, uye izvozvi zvinovaita kuti vafunganye.” Mugumisiro wacho ndewokuti vazhinjisa vedu tingarangarira kuti tinofanira kuziva zvakawanda kupfuura zvatinoziva. Neboporodzi remashoko riri kutivinga, tinononga zvidimbu zviduku zvemashoko. Asi kazhinji kazhinji hatina chokwadi pamusoro pokuti tozviitisei. Panguva imwe cheteyo, tingafungidzira kuti munhu ari wose anoziva uye anonzwisisa zvakawanda kupfuura zvatinoita. Ipapo ndipo patinofunganya!

David Shenk anotaura kuti mashoko akawandisa azova chinosvibisa chinoita “utsi hwemashoko.” Anowedzera kuti: “Utsi hwemashoko hunovharidzira; hunobvisa nhambo dzorunyararo, uye hunodzikatidza kufunga kunodikanwa zvikuru. . . .”

Ichokwadi kuti mashoko akawandisa kana kuzarisa kwezvinhu kunogona kuparira funganyo, asi zvimwe chete ndezvechokwadi kana tine mashoko asina kukwana kana kuti, kupfuura zvose, mashoko asina kururama. Zvakaita sokunzwa kusurikirwa mukamuri rizere vanhu. Seizvo John Naisbitt anotaura mubhuku rake Megatrends, “tiri kunyura mumashoko akawandisa asi tiri kuziya nokushaya zivo.”

Nzira Iyo Utsotsi Hwemakombiyuta Hunogona Kukutapura Nayo

Chimwe chinoparira funganyo kuwedzera zvikuru kweutsotsi hwemakombiyuta. Dr. Frederick B. Cohen, mubhuku rake rinonzi Protection and Security on the Information Superhighway, anotaura kushushikana kwake achiti: “FBI [Federal Bureau of Investigation] inofungidzira kuti gore rimwe nerimwe mari yakawanda semabhiriyoni $60 inorasikira muutsotsi hwemakombiyuta. Uye, nenzira inoshamisa, iyoyo inongova nzwisa. Utera huri mugadziriro dzokufambisa mashoko hwakashandiswa kuwana chimuko mukurukurirano, kushatisa mukurumbira, kuhwina rwisano dzehondo, uye kunyange kuponda.” Mukuwedzera kuizvi kune kushushikana kunoramba kuchikura pamusoro pokuonekwa nevana kwezvinhu zvevatano zvemakombiyuta—tisingarevi hedu nezvokuvhozhokerwa kwezvakavanzika.

Magube akapindwa muropa nekombiyuta anoisa mavhairasi mugadziriro dzemakombiyuta ndokuparira vhiringidziko. Matsotsi ari shasha dzemapurogiramu ekombiyuta anowana gadziriro dzezvemagetsi nenzira isiri pamutemo ndokuwana mashoko akavanzika, pane dzimwe nguva kunyange kuba mari. Mibato yakadaro inogona kuva netapuro dzinoparadza pazviuru zvevashandisi vekombiyuta dzomunhu oga. Utsotsi hwemakombiyuta ityisidziro kubhizimisi nehurumende.

Kudikanwa Kwokuva Vanonyatsoziva

Chokwadika, tose zvedu tinoda kunyatsoziva, asi kuva nemakomo makomo emashoko hakutidzidzisi chaizvoizvo, nokuti zvizhinjisa zvezvinouya semashoko hazvisi zvinopfuura maidi kana mashoko ari zvaari, asina ukama nezvatinoziva. Vamwe vanotokarakadza kuti panzvimbo pe“kuputika kwemashoko,” muitiro uyu ungaita zvakanaka kunzi “kuputika kwemazwi” kana kuti kunyange “kuputika kweasiri mashoko.” Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo munzveri wezveupfumi Hazel Henderson anozviona nayo: “Mashoko pachawo haapi nzwisiso. Hatigoni kusiyanisa pakati pemashoko akashata, kana kuti zvinopesana nemashoko, kana kuti mashoko eguhwa anoparadzirwa mumhoteredzo iyi yakazara zvinobudisa nhau. Kupa ngwariro pamashokowo zvawo kwakatungamirira kukuwandisa kwamazwi asina revo ane mabhiriyoni ezvidimbu, panzvimbo pokutsvaka rumwe rudzi rwezivo ine revo.”

Joseph J. Esposito, purezidhendi weEncyclopædia Britannica Publishing Group, anopa uku kutaura kwechokwadi achiti: “Mazhinjisa emashoko eZera Remashoko anongopambadzwa; rwunongova ruzha. Kuputika Kwemashoko kunodanwa zvakarurama; kuputika kunokwanisa kudzivisa kunzwa kwedu zvakawanda pamusoro pechinhu chipi nechipi. Kana tisingagoni kunzwa, hatigoni kuziva.” Orrin E. Klapp anopa kunzvera kwake: “Ndinofungira kuti hapana munhu anoziva kuti kufambiswa kwemashoko akawanda zvakadini avose kuri mashoko asingabetseri, anoratidzika seanoreva chimwe chinhu asi kutaura idi asina zvaanoreva.”

Pasina mubvunzo uchayeuka kuti zhinjisa yedzidzo yako kuchikoro yakapa ngwariro pakudzidza maidi kuitira kuti ugobudirira pazamanishoni. Nguva zhinji wakadzidza nomusoro maidi nguva pfupi bvunzo isati yasvika. Unoyeuka uchidzidza nemusoro mudhadhadha wemisi muzvidzidzo zveHistory? Zvingani zvezviitiko izvi nemisi zvauchiri kuyeuka zvino? Maidi iwayo akakubetsera kurangarira nokuita zvisarudzo zvine mufungo here?

Kuva Nezvakawanda Kunokuita Ari Nani Here?

Kana kukasadzorwa nokungwarira, kuzvipira kuwana mashoko okuwedzera kunogona kutora nguva yakawanda, hope, utano uye kunyange mari. Kunyange zvazvo mashoko akawanda achipa mukana mukuru wokuita zvisarudzo, anogona kuita kuti munzveri ave nefunganyo, achinetseka kana anzvera kana kuti kuwana mashoko ose aripo. Dr. Hugh MacKay anopa yambiro iyi: “Kutaura idi, mashoko haasiri nzira yokuenda kunzwisiso. Mashoko, pachawo oga, haajekesi chinhu pamusoro perevo youpenyu hwedu. Mashoko haana chokuita nokuwanwa kweuchenjeri. Zvirokwazvo, kufanana nezvimwe zvinhu zvatinazvo, anogona kudzivirira kuwana uchenjeri. Tinogona kuziva zvakawandisa, sezvatinogona kuva nezvakawandisa.”

Kazhinji kazhinji, vanhu vanoremedzwa kwete bedzi nemashoko akawandisa anowanika nhasi asiwo nekangaidziko yokuedza kuchinja mashoko kuti ave chimwe chinhu chinonzwisisika, chine revo, uye chinodzidzisa zvepachokwadi. Kwakakarakadzwa kuti tingava “semunhu ane nyota amanikidzwa kushandisa thimble kunwa mvura papombi inobudisa mvura nesimba. Kungowandisa kwemashoko mazhinji anowanika uye mutoo uyo anowanzopiwa nawo zvinoita kuti mazhinjisa awo ave asina basa kwatiri.” Naizvozvo, anonzi akakwana anofanira kurangarirwa kwete muuwandu, asi murunako nokushanda kwemashoko acho kwatiri semunhu oga.

Zvakadini Nokufambiswa Kwemaidi?

Kumwe kutaura kunowanzonzwiwa nhasi ndekwokuti “kufambiswa kwemaidi.” Izvi zvine chokuita nokufambiswa kwemashoko nomumagetsi. Nepo ikoku kune nzvimbo yako inokosha, hakusi kurukurirano yakanaka mupfungwa yakazara. Nemhaka yei? Nemhaka yokuti tinodavidza zvakanakisisa kuvanhu, kwete kumichina. Nokufambiswa kwemashoko, hapana zvitarisiko zvechiso zvinooneka uye kuonana kana kuti zviratidzo zvomuviri, izvo kazhinji kazhinji zvinowanzopa kurukurirano chimiro uye kuita kuti manzwire azivikanwe. Mukurukurirano dzechiso nechiso, zvinhu izvi zvinowedzera uye kazhinji kazhinji zvinojekesa mashoko anoshandiswa. Hapana nechimwe chezvinokosha izvi chinobetsera kunzwisisa chinowanika pakufambiswa kwemashoko nemagetsi, kwete kunyange pafoni dzokufamba nadzo dziri kuramba dzichikurumbira. Pane dzimwe nguva, kunyange kurukurirano yechiso nechiso haipfuudzi nemazvo zviri kurangarirwa neari kutaura. Munzwi anganzwa ndokunzvera mashoko nenzira yake ndokuapa revo isiri iyo. Ingozi yakakura sei iripo yechiitiko chakadai apo mutauri anenge asingagoni kuonekwa!

Iidi roupenyu risingafadzi kuti nguva yakawandisa iyo vamwe vanopedzera pakombiyuta neterevhizheni pane dzimwe nguva inoita kuti mitezo yemhuri ive vaenzi kumumwe nomumwe mumusha mavo vamene.

Wati Wanzwa Here nezveTechnophobia?

“Technophobia” zvinongoreva “kutya unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu,” kubatanidza kushandiswa kwemakombiyuta nezvimwe zvishandiswa zvemagetsi zvakafanana. Vamwe vanodavira kuti iyi ndeimwe yefunganyo dzinozivikanwa zvikurusa dzinobudiswa nezera remashoko. Imwe nyaya muThe Canberra Times, yakavakirwa pamashoko akabudiswa eMubatanidzwa weChinobudisa Nhau, yakati: “Vakuru Vakuru veJapan Vanotya Makombiyuta.” Kwakataurwa nezvemumwe mukuru mukuru weimwe kambani yeJapan kuti: “[A]norayira simba nemukurumbira. Asi mugadzike mberi kwekombiyuta, anotya zvikuru.” Maererano nenzvero yemakambani eJapan 880, 20 muzana bedzi yevakuru vakuru vavo ndivo vaigona kushandisa makombiyuta.

Technophobia inokuchidzirwa nengwavaira huru dzakadai sekumira kushanda kwefoni muNew York City muna 1991 kwakamisa nhandare dzendege dzomunzvimbomo kwemaawa anoverengeka. Uye zvakadini netsaona paThree Mile Island Nuclear Power Plant muUnited States muna 1979? Zvakatorera vashandi vegwenya racho maawa anoverengeka akaoma vasati vagona kunzwisisa revo yezviratidzo zvealarm zvinodzorwa nekombiyuta.

Iyi inongova mienzaniso mishomanene yenzira iyo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwezera remashoko rwakatapura nayo zvakakomba rudzi rwomunhu. Mubhuku rake, Dr. Frederick B. Cohen anobvunza iyi mibvunzo inonyandura kufunga: “Wakamboenda kubhanga here nguva pfupi yapfuura? Kana makombiyuta akanga asingashandi, wakagona kuwana mari here kubva kwavari? Zvakadini nesupamaketi? Vaizogona kukuchaja here vasina makombiyuta avo anochaja?”

Zvimwe unogona kutaura nezvemamwe eaya mamiriro ezvinhu okufungidzira:

• Tepi yevhidhiyo (VCR) inoratidzika kuva ine mabhatani akanyanyowandisa apo unoda kusarudza chirongwa chaunoshuva kurekodha. Nokuzvininipisa ungafanira kudana muzukuru wako wemakore mapfumbamwe kuti azokugadzirira VCR kana kuti unosarudza kuti hauchadi kuona chirongwa chacho pashure pezvose.

• Uri kuda mari nokukurumidzira. Unotyaira uchienda kumuchina webhanga unoshanda woga asi ipapo kamwe kamwe unoyeuka kuti nguva yawakapedzisira kuushandisa, wakavhiringidzika ndokubaya mabhatani asiri iwo.

• Foni yomuhofisi inorira. Foni yacho yaiswa kwauri nechikanganiso. Foni yacho yanga iri yabhasi wako pauriri huri pamusoro. Pane nzira iri nyore zvikuru yokupfuudza nayo foni yacho, asi, usina chokwadi, panzvimbo pezvo unosarudza kuti ari panosvikira mafoni aipfuudze.

• Dashboard remotokari yako ichangobva kutengwa rinoratidzika serejeti yazvino uno. Kamwe kamwe, rambi dzvuku rinon’aima, uye unoita funganyo nemhaka yokuti hauzivi zvinoreva rambi racho. Ipapo unofanira kutarisa bhuku remirayiridzo rine udzame.

Iyi inongova mienzaniso mishomanene bedzi yetechnophobia. Tinogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruchapfuurira kugadzira zvimwe zvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa, izvo vanhu vemumazera akapfuura zvechokwadi vangadai vakadana kuti “zvishamiso.” Chigadzirwa chitsva chimwe nechimwe chakagadziridzwa chinotengeswa chinoda ruzivo rukuru kana chichizoshandiswa nenzira inobudirira. Mabhuku emirayiridzo, akanyorwa nenyanzvi nemutauro wezvinhu zvacho,a anotyisa pachawo apo kunofungidzirwa kuti mushandisi anonzwisisa mashoko acho uye kuti ane ruzivo rwakati nemano.

Wezvemashoko Paul Kaufman anopeta mashoko acho nenzira iyi: “Nzanga yedu ine pfungwa yemashoko iyo, kunyange zvazvo ichikwezva, pakupedzisira inodzorera kumashure. . . . Chimwe chikonzero ndechokuti ngwariro yakawandisa yakaiswa pamakombiyuta nezvakaigadzira zvacho uye shomanene zvikuru pavanhu vanoshandisa mashoko acho kuti vanzwisise nyika zviri nani nokuitirana zvinhu zvinobetsera. . . . Chinetso hachisi chokuti tinokudza makombiyuta zvikuru kwazvo asi kuti takasvika pakufunga zvishoma pamusoro pevanhu.” Kunoratidzika sokuti kubatikana nokufunga mbiri yokubudisa chimwe chigadzirwa chitsva chinoshamisa kazhinji kazhinji kwakasiya vanhu vachishushikana pamusoro pokuti chii chimwe chichagadzirwa. Edward Mendelson anoti: “Vanhu vanofungidzira kugadzirwa kwezvinhu havagoni kutongoziva musiyano uri pakati pezvinogona kugadzirwa nezvinodiwa. Kana muchina uchigona kugadzirwa kuti uite basa rakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru, ipapo mufungidziri wacho anoti basa racho rakakodzera kuitwa.”

Ndeuku kufuratirwa kwevanhu mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu kwakawedzera zvikuru funganyo yemashoko.

Mwero Wokugadzirwa Kwezvinhu Wakavandudzwa Chaizvoizvo Here?

Munyori wenhau mupepanhau Paul Attewell, achinyora muThe Australian, anotsinhira pamusoro penzvero yake pamusoro pokuti inguva yakawanda sei nemari zvakachengetedzwa nokushandiswa kwemakombiyuta makore mashomanene apfuura. Heano mamwe emapfundo ake akataurwa zvakanaka: “Pasinei zvapo nemakore akapedzerwa mugadziriro dzemakombiyuta dzakagadzirirwa kuita mabasa okutarisira uye kudzora ndyiko, yunivhesiti zhinji nemakoreji zvinowana kuti vashandi vanotarisira vanoramba vachiwanda. . . . Kwemakumi emakore anoverengeka, vagadziri vemakombiyuta vakataura kuti ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwavaitengesa rwaizoparira kubudirira kukuru mumwero wokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, zvichibvumira uwandu hwakati hwebasa rokutarisira kuti huitwe nevashandi vashoma zvikuru padyiko dziri pasi. Panzvimbo pezvo, sezvatiri kusvika pakuona, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwemashoko rwakatungamirira kukuiswa kwenhamburiko pasipo: zvinhu zvitsva zvizhinji zviri kuitwa nevashandi vouwandu humwe chetehwo kana kuti ukuru panzvimbo pokuti basa rekare riitwe nevashandi vashoma. Kazhinji kazhinji, hapana mari inombochengetedzwa. Muenzaniso mumwe weuku kuisa nhamburiko pasiripo ndewokuti vanhu vanoshandisa ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kuvandudza chitarisiko chemagwaro panzvimbo pokukurumidzisa kuitwa kwebasa rekunyora.”

Zvino kunoratidzika sokuti mugwagwa mukuru wemashoko, unogona kuva une ngozi kuvaKristu, wakatouya zvachose. Asi tinogona kudzivisa sei funganyo yemashoko—kusvika kumwero wakati? Tinopa zvikarakadzo zvishomanene zvinoshanda munyaya pfupi inotevera.

[Mashoko Omuzasi]

[Bhokisi riri papeji 16]

Kuwandisa Kwemashoko Asina Basa

“Vanhu, sezvo tose tinoziva muruzivo rwokuzviwanira, vari kuva mafuza nenzira isingachinjiki. Tiri kuona kuwedzera kutsva kwemapurogiramu eTV asingakoshi, redhiyo dzinokurudzira ruvengo, vashamarari vanotaura zvinonyadzisira, kumhan’arwa kwezvikanganiso, nzira dzokuwana nadzo mukurumbira dzisiri dzenguva dzose, kutaura kwakanyanyisa kwemasimba kwekutuka. Mafirimu anoramba achingowedzera kuratidzira vatano nemasimba masimba. Kushambadza kwava noruzha zvikuru, kunovhozhokera zvikuru, uye kazhinji kazhinji kunopfuura mwero wokunakidza . . . Kumhura kuri kuwedzera, uye kudzikama kuri kuderera. . . . Icho vamwe vakati ‘ngozi [yedu] yezvinokosheswa mumhuri’ chine chokuita zvikuru nokuchinja kukura kwemashoko kupfuura kuparirwa kwainoitwa nekusaremekedza kweHollywood gadziriro yemhuri yekare.”—Data Smog—Surviving the Information Glut, rakanyorwa naDavid Shenk.

[Bhokisi riri papeji 17]

Uchenjeri—Nzira Yechinyakare

“Mwanakomana wangu, kana ukagamuchira mashoko angu, nokuchengeta mirayiro yangu kwauri; kuti urerekere nzeve yako iterere uchenjeri, nokurwadza mwoyo wako, kuti unzwisise; kana ukachemera kunzwisisa, ukadanidzira nenzwi rako kuti uwane njere; zvirokwazvo kana ukahutsvaka sesirivha, ukahutsvakisisa sepfuma yakavanzwa; ipapo uchanzwisisa kutya Jehovha, nokuwana zivo yaMwari. Nokuti Jehovha ndiye unopa uchenjeri; mumuromo make munobuda zivo nenjere. Nokuti uchenjeri huchapinda mumwoyo mako, zivo ichafadza mweya; kungwara kuchakurindira, njere dzichakuchengeta.”—Zvirevo 2:1-6, 10, 11.

[Mufananidzo uri papeji 18, 19]

Kuwandisa kwemashoko kwakaenzaniswa nokuedza kuzadza “thimble” papombi inobudisa mvura nesimba